961
个编辑
更改
→Maxwell's demon
===Maxwell's demon===
===Maxwell's demon===
麦克斯韦的恶魔
{{unreferenced|section|date=August 2018}}
{{unreferenced|section|date=August 2018}}
James Clerk Maxwell imagined one container divided into two parts, A and B. Both parts are filled with the same gas at equal temperatures and placed next to each other, separated by a wall. Observing the molecules on both sides, an imaginary demon guards a microscopic trapdoor in the wall. When a faster-than-average molecule from A flies towards the trapdoor, the demon opens it, and the molecule will fly from A to B. The average speed of the molecules in B will have increased while in A they will have slowed down on average. Since average molecular speed corresponds to temperature, the temperature decreases in A and increases in B, contrary to the second law of thermodynamics.
James Clerk Maxwell imagined one container divided into two parts, A and B. Both parts are filled with the same gas at equal temperatures and placed next to each other, separated by a wall. Observing the molecules on both sides, an imaginary demon guards a microscopic trapdoor in the wall. When a faster-than-average molecule from A flies towards the trapdoor, the demon opens it, and the molecule will fly from A to B. The average speed of the molecules in B will have increased while in A they will have slowed down on average. Since average molecular speed corresponds to temperature, the temperature decreases in A and increases in B, contrary to the second law of thermodynamics.
詹姆斯·克莱克·麦克斯韦（James Clerk Maxwell）设想一个容器分为A和B两部分。两部分均在相同温度下充满相同的气体，并彼此相邻由内壁隔开。观察到两侧的分子，一个虚构的恶魔在墙上守着一个微观活板门。当来自A的速度快于平均水平的分子飞向活板门时，恶魔将其打开，该分子将从A飞向B。B中分子的平均速度将增加，而A中分子的平均速度将平均降低。由于平均分子速度与温度相对应，因此与热力学第二定律相反，温度在A中降低，在B中升高。
One response to this question was suggested in 1929 by Leó Szilárd and later by Léon Brillouin. Szilárd pointed out that a real-life Maxwell's demon would need to have some means of measuring molecular speed, and that the act of acquiring information would require an expenditure of energy.
One response to this question was suggested in 1929 by Leó Szilárd and later by Léon Brillouin. Szilárd pointed out that a real-life Maxwell's demon would need to have some means of measuring molecular speed, and that the act of acquiring information would require an expenditure of energy.
1929年，Leó Szilárd 和后来的 l on brilouin 对这个问题提出了一个答案。Szil rd 指出，现实生活中的麦克斯韦恶魔需要一些测量分子速度的方法，而获取信息需要消耗大量能量。
1929年，Leó Szilárd和后来的 Léon Brillouin 对这个问题提出了一个答案。Szilárd指出，现实生活中的麦克斯韦恶魔需要一些测量分子速度的方法，而获取信息需要消耗大量能量。
Maxwell's 'demon' repeatedly alters the permeability of the wall between A and B. It is therefore performing thermodynamic operations on a microscopic scale, not just observing ordinary spontaneous or natural macroscopic thermodynamic processes.
Maxwell's 'demon' repeatedly alters the permeability of the wall between A and B. It is therefore performing thermodynamic operations on a microscopic scale, not just observing ordinary spontaneous or natural macroscopic thermodynamic processes.
麦克斯韦的“恶魔”不断地改变 a 和 b 之间墙体的渗透性。因此，它是在微观尺度上执行热力学操作，而不仅仅是观察普通的自发或自然的宏观热力学过程。
==Quotations==
==Quotations==