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→Sociology 社会学： 翻译
Crowd simulation can also refer to simulations based on group dynamics and crowd psychology, often in public safety planning. In this case, the focus is just the behavior of the crowd, and not the visual realism of the simulation. Crowds have been studied as a scientific interest since the end of the 19th Century. A lot of research has focused on the collective social behavior of people at social gatherings, assemblies, protests, rebellions, concerts, sporting events and religious ceremonies. Gaining insight into natural human behavior under varying types of stressful situations will allow better models to be created which can be used to develop crowd controlling strategies.
Crowd simulation can also refer to simulations based on group dynamics and crowd psychology, often in public safety planning. In this case, the focus is just the behavior of the crowd, and not the visual realism of the simulation. Crowds have been studied as a scientific interest since the end of the 19th Century. A lot of research has focused on the collective social behavior of people at social gatherings, assemblies, protests, rebellions, concerts, sporting events and religious ceremonies. Gaining insight into natural human behavior under varying types of stressful situations will allow better models to be created which can be used to develop crowd controlling strategies.
人群模拟也可以指基于'''群体动力学Group Dynamics'''和'''群体心理学Crowd Psychology'''的模拟，通常用于'''公共安全规划Public Safety Planning'''。在这种情况下，研究的焦点只是人群的行为，而不是模拟的视觉真实性。人群自19世纪末以来一直是一个科学研究的兴趣。许多研究都关注人们在社会集会、集会、抗议、叛乱、音乐会、体育赛事和宗教仪式上的集体社会行为。在不同类型的压力情况下获得人类自然行为的洞察将创建更好的、可用于发展人群控制策略的模型。
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''Emergency response teams'' such as policemen, the National Guard, military and even volunteers must undergo some type of crowd control training. Using researched principles of human behavior in crowds can give disaster training designers more elements to incorporate to create realistic simulated disasters. Crowd behavior can be observed during panic and non-panic conditions. When natural and unnatural events toss social ideals into a twisting chaotic bind, such as the events of 9/11 and hurricane Katrina, humanity's social capabilities are truly put to the test. Military programs are looking more towards simulated training, involving emergency responses, due to their cost-effective technology as well as how effective the learning can be transferred to the real world.{{Citation needed|date=October 2012}} Many events that may start out controlled can have a twisting event that turns them into catastrophic situations, where decisions need to be made on the spot. It is these situations in which crowd dynamical understanding would play a vital role in reducing the potential for anarchy.
''Emergency response teams'' such as policemen, the National Guard, military and even volunteers must undergo some type of crowd control training. Using researched principles of human behavior in crowds can give disaster training designers more elements to incorporate to create realistic simulated disasters. Crowd behavior can be observed during panic and non-panic conditions. When natural and unnatural events toss social ideals into a twisting chaotic bind, such as the events of 9/11 and hurricane Katrina, humanity's social capabilities are truly put to the test. Military programs are looking more towards simulated training, involving emergency responses, due to their cost-effective technology as well as how effective the learning can be transferred to the real world.{{Citation needed|date=October 2012}} Many events that may start out controlled can have a twisting event that turns them into catastrophic situations, where decisions need to be made on the spot. It is these situations in which crowd dynamical understanding would play a vital role in reducing the potential for anarchy.
在某些情况下，非人类动物群体的行为可以作为群体行为的实验模型。人们发现，在有限的出口通道的密闭空间里，蚂蚁暴露在令人反感的化学物质中时的惊慌行为，与同等的人类行为既有相似之处，也有不同之处。
在某些情况下，非人类动物群体的行为可以作为群体行为的实验模型。人们发现，在有限的出口通道的密闭空间里，蚂蚁暴露在令人反感的化学物质中时的惊慌行为，与同等的人类行为既有相似之处，也有不同之处。
=== Modeling individual behaviors ===
=== Modeling individual behaviors ===