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An evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) is a strategy (or set of strategies) which, if adopted by a population in a given environment, is impenetrable, meaning that it cannot be invaded by any alternative strategy (or strategies) that are initially rare. It is relevant in game theory, behavioural ecology, and evolutionary psychology. An ESS is an equilibrium refinement of the Nash equilibrium. It is a Nash equilibrium that is "evolutionarily" stable: once it is fixed in a population, natural selection alone is sufficient to prevent alternative (mutant) strategies from invading successfully. The theory is not intended to deal with the possibility of gross external changes to the environment that bring new selective forces to bear.

An evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) is a strategy (or set of strategies) which, if adopted by a population in a given environment, is impenetrable, meaning that it cannot be invaded by any alternative strategy (or strategies) that are initially rare. It is relevant in game theory, behavioural ecology, and evolutionary psychology. An ESS is an equilibrium refinement of the Nash equilibrium. It is a Nash equilibrium that is "evolutionarily" stable: once it is fixed in a population, natural selection alone is sufficient to prevent alternative (mutant) strategies from invading successfully. The theory is not intended to deal with the possibility of gross external changes to the environment that bring new selective forces to bear.

'''<font color="#ff8000"> 进化均衡策略Evolutionarily Stable Strategy（ESS）</font>'''是指一个种群在特定环境下采用的策略或策略组，它具有不可渗透性，即该群体不可能被初期占比小的其他策略或策略组所入侵。它与'''<font color="#ff8000"> 博弈论Game Theory</font>'''，'''<font color="#ff8000"> 行为生态学Behavioural Ecology</font>'''和'''<font color="#ff8000"> 进化心理学Evolutionary Psychology</font>'''有关。进化均衡策略是'''<font color="#ff8000"> 纳什均衡Nash equilibrium</font>'''的细化，相当于是稳定进化的纳什均衡：一旦该种群采取了此策略，仅自然选择过程就足以防止其他（变异）的策略成功入侵。该理论并非通过有目的性地处理外部总体环境可能发生的变化，来引入新的种群进化选择力。

'''<font color="#ff8000"> 进化均衡策略Evolutionarily Stable Strategy（ESS）</font>'''是指一个种群在特定环境下采用的策略或策略组，它具有不可渗透性，即该群体不可能被初期占比小的其他策略或策略组所入侵。它与'''<font color="#ff8000"> 博弈论Game Theory</font>'''，'''<font color="#ff8000"> 行为生态学Behavioural Ecology</font>'''和'''<font color="#ff8000"> 进化心理学Evolutionary Psychology</font>'''有关。进化均衡策略是'''<font color="#ff8000"> 纳什均衡Nash equilibrium</font>'''的细化，相当于是稳定进化的纳什均衡：一旦该种群采取了此策略，仅自然选择过程就足以防止其他（变异）的策略成功入侵。'''<font color="#32CD32">该理论并非通过有目的性地处理外部环境可能发生的变化，来引入新的种群进化选择力。</font>'''