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→术语历史 History of the term
Possibly the first use of the English word "hierarchy" cited by the Oxford English Dictionary was in 1881, when it was used in reference to the three orders of three angels as depicted by Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (5th–6th centuries). Pseudo-Dionysius used the related Greek word (ἱεραρχία hierarchia) both in reference to the celestial hierarchy and the ecclesiastical hierarchy. The Greek term ἱεραρχία means "rule of a high priest" (from ἱεράρχης hierarches, meaning "president of sacred rites, high-priest"<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Di%28era%2Frxhs ἱεράρχης],
Possibly the first use of the English word "hierarchy" cited by the Oxford English Dictionary was in 1881, when it was used in reference to the three orders of three angels as depicted by Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (5th–6th centuries). Pseudo-Dionysius used the related Greek word (ἱεραρχία hierarchia) both in reference to the celestial hierarchy and the ecclesiastical hierarchy. The Greek term ἱεραρχία means "rule of a high priest" (from ἱεράρχης hierarches, meaning "president of sacred rites, high-priest"<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Di%28era%2Frxhs ἱεράρχης],
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref> and that from ἱερεύς ''hiereus'', "priest"<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Di%28ereu%2Fs ἱερεύς], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref> and ἀρχή ''arche'', amongst others "first place or power, rule"<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29rxh%2F ἀρχή], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref>), and Dionysius is credited with first use of it as an abstract noun. Since hierarchical churches, such as the [[Roman Catholicism|Roman Catholic]] (see [[Catholic Church hierarchy]]) and [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Eastern Orthodox]] churches, had tables of organization that were "hierarchical" in the modern sense of the word (traditionally with [[God in Christianity|God]] as the pinnacle or head of the hierarchy), the term came to refer to similar organizational methods in [[secular]] settings.
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref> and that from ἱερεύς ''hiereus'', "priest"<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Di%28ereu%2Fs ἱερεύς], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref> and ἀρχή ''arche'', amongst others "first place or power, rule"<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29rxh%2F ἀρχή], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library</ref>), and Dionysius is credited with first use of it as an abstract noun. Since hierarchical churches, such as the [[Roman Catholicism|Roman Catholic]] (see [[Catholic Church hierarchy]]) and [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Eastern Orthodox]] churches, had tables of organization that were "hierarchical" in the modern sense of the word (traditionally with [[God in Christianity|God]] as the pinnacle or head of the hierarchy), the term came to refer to similar organizational methods in [[secular]] settings.
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library</ref> and that from ἱερεύς hiereus, "priest" and ἀρχή arche, amongst others "first place or power, rule"), and Dionysius is credited with first use of it as an abstract noun. Since hierarchical churches, such as the Roman Catholic (see Catholic Church hierarchy) and Eastern Orthodox churches, had tables of organization that were "hierarchical" in the modern sense of the word (traditionally with God as the pinnacle or head of the hierarchy), the term came to refer to similar organizational methods in secular settings.
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library</ref> and that from ἱερεύς hiereus, "priest" and ἀρχή arche, amongst others "first place or power, rule"), and Dionysius is credited with first use of it as an abstract noun. Since hierarchical churches, such as the Roman Catholic (see Catholic Church hierarchy) and Eastern Orthodox churches, had tables of organization that were "hierarchical" in the modern sense of the word (traditionally with God as the pinnacle or head of the hierarchy), the term came to refer to similar organizational methods in secular settings.
“层次”英语单词的首次使用可能是在1881年的牛津英语词典里，被用来指伪狄奥尼修斯 Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite（5-6世纪）所描述的3个天使的3个位阶。伪狄奥尼修斯使用有关的希腊词汇(ἱεραρχία hierarchia) 来指代天界位阶和教会位阶。希腊语 ἱεραρχία表示大祭司的统治（来自ἱερεύς hiereus, “祭司”及 ἀρχή arche等“最初的地方或力量，统治”所衍生出的 ἱεράρχης hierarches，“神圣仪式的主持，“高阶祭司”）。伪狄奥尼修斯首次将其用作抽象名词概念，自阶层式教堂以来，例如罗马天主教和东正教教堂都有着现代语义上的层次性结构（传统意义上层次结构的顶部或头部表示神），该术语在长期预语境下用于指称类似的结构方式。
=={{anchor|hierachy}}Visually representing hierarchies==<!--if you change this section's title, please also change the wikilinks throughout the article that link to it! -->
=={{anchor|hierachy}}Visually representing hierarchies==<!--if you change this section's title, please also change the wikilinks throughout the article that link to it! -->