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Schrödinger's cat is a thought experiment, sometimes described as a paradox, devised by Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger in 1935, though the idea originated from Albert Einstein.<ref name="Schrodinger1935"><br>

Schrödinger's cat is a thought experiment, sometimes described as a paradox, devised by Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger in 1935, though the idea originated from Albert Einstein.<ref name="Schrodinger1935"><br>

薛定谔的猫是一个'''<font color="ff8000">思维实验thought experiment</font>'''，有时被称为'''<font color="ff8000">悖论paradox</font>'''，由奥地利物理学家埃尔温·薛定谔于1935年提出，尽管该想法起源于阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦。

</ref>薛定谔的猫是一个'''<font color="ff8000">思维实验thought experiment</font>'''，有时被称为'''<font color="ff8000">悖论paradox</font>'''，由奥地利物理学家埃尔温·薛定谔于1935年提出，尽管该想法起源于阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦。

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}}</ref> a state known as a [[quantum superposition]], as a result of being linked to a random [[Subatomic particle|subatomic]] event that may or may not occur.

}}</ref> a state known as a [[quantum superposition]], as a result of being linked to a random [[Subatomic particle|subatomic]] event that may or may not occur.

}}</ref> a state known as a '''<font color="#fff8000">量子叠加quantum superposition</font>''', as a result of being linked to a random subatomic event that may or may not occur.<br>

}}</ref> a state known as a '''<font color="#ff8000">量子叠加quantum superposition</font>''', as a result of being linked to a random subatomic event that may or may not occur.<br>

一种被称为量子叠加的状态，是与可能或不可能发生的随机亚原子时间相联系的结果。

一种被称为量子叠加的状态，是与可能或不可能发生的随机亚原子时间相联系的结果。

Schrödinger intended his thought experiment as a discussion of the EPR article—named after its authors Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen—in 1935. The EPR article highlighted the counterintuitive nature of quantum superpositions, in which a quantum system such as an atom or photon can exist as a combination of multiple states corresponding to different possible outcomes.

Schrödinger intended his thought experiment as a discussion of the EPR article—named after its authors Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen—in 1935. The EPR article highlighted the counterintuitive nature of quantum superpositions, in which a quantum system such as an atom or photon can exist as a combination of multiple states corresponding to different possible outcomes.

薛定谔打算把他的思维实验作为对'''<font color="#fff8000">电子顺磁共振EPR</font>'''文章（以其作者爱因斯坦、波多尔斯基和罗森的名字命名）的讨论在1935年进行了讨论。EPR文章强调了量子叠加的反直觉性质，在量子叠加中，一个量子系统，比如原子或者光子，可以作为对应不同可能结果的多个状态的组合而存在。

薛定谔打算把他的思维实验作为对'''<font color="#ff8000">电子顺磁共振EPR</font>'''文章（以其作者爱因斯坦、波多尔斯基和罗森的名字命名）的讨论在1935年进行了讨论。EPR文章强调了量子叠加的反直觉性质，在量子叠加中，一个量子系统，比如原子或者光子，可以作为对应不同可能结果的多个状态的组合而存在。

However, since Schrödinger's time, other interpretations of the mathematics of quantum mechanics have been advanced by physicists, some of which regard the "alive and dead" cat superposition as quite real.    Intended as a critique of the Copenhagen interpretation (the prevailing orthodoxy in 1935), the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment remains a defining touchstone for modern interpretations of quantum mechanics. Physicists often use the way each interpretation deals with Schrödinger's cat as a way of illustrating and comparing the particular features, strengths, and weaknesses of each interpretation.

However, since Schrödinger's time, other interpretations of the mathematics of quantum mechanics have been advanced by physicists, some of which regard the "alive and dead" cat superposition as quite real.    Intended as a critique of the Copenhagen interpretation (the prevailing orthodoxy in 1935), the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment remains a defining touchstone for modern interpretations of quantum mechanics. Physicists often use the way each interpretation deals with Schrödinger's cat as a way of illustrating and comparing the particular features, strengths, and weaknesses of each interpretation.

但是，自从薛定谔时代以来，物理学家对’’’<font color=”#fff8000”>量子力学数学mathematics of quantum mechanics</font>’’’进行了其他解释，其中一些解释认为“活死”的猫叠加是十分真实的。作为对哥本哈根诠释的批判(1935年盛行的正统观念) ，薛定谔的猫思维实验仍然是现代量子力学诠释的决定性的试金石。物理学家经常使用每种解释处理薛定谔猫的方式来说明和比较每种解释的特点、优缺点。

但是，自从薛定谔时代以来，物理学家对'''<font color=”#ff8000”>量子力学数学mathematics of quantum mechanics</font>'''进行了其他解释，其中一些解释认为“活死”的猫叠加是十分真实的。作为对哥本哈根诠释的批判(1935年盛行的正统观念) ，薛定谔的猫思维实验仍然是现代量子力学诠释的决定性的试金石。物理学家经常使用每种解释处理薛定谔猫的方式来说明和比较每种解释的特点、优缺点。

The quantum-mechanical "Schrödinger's cat" paradox according to the many-worlds interpretation. In this interpretation, every event is a branch point. The cat is both alive and dead—regardless of whether the box is opened—but the "alive" and "dead" cats are in different branches of the universe that are equally real but cannot interact with each other.

The quantum-mechanical "Schrödinger's cat" paradox according to the many-worlds interpretation. In this interpretation, every event is a branch point. The cat is both alive and dead—regardless of whether the box is opened—but the "alive" and "dead" cats are in different branches of the universe that are equally real but cannot interact with each other.

基于’’’<font color=”#fff8000”>多世界诠释many-worlds interpretation</font>’’’的量子力学“薛定谔的猫”悖论。按照这种诠释，每个事件都是一个分支点。无论盒子是否打开，猫都是活着的和死了的，但“活着的”和“死了的”猫在宇宙的不同分支中，它们是同样真实的，但不能相互交流。

基于'''<font color=”#ff8000”>多世界诠释many-worlds interpretation</font>'''的量子力学“薛定谔的猫”悖论。按照这种诠释，每个事件都是一个分支点。无论盒子是否打开，猫都是活着的和死了的，但“活着的”和“死了的”猫在宇宙的不同分支中，它们是同样真实的，但不能相互交流。

{{Main|Many-worlds interpretation}}

{{Main|Many-worlds interpretation}}

The ensemble interpretation states that superpositions are nothing but subensembles of a larger statistical ensemble. The state vector would not apply to individual cat experiments, but only to the statistics of many similarly prepared cat experiments. Proponents of this interpretation state that this makes the Schrödinger's cat paradox a trivial matter, or a non-issue.

The ensemble interpretation states that superpositions are nothing but subensembles of a larger statistical ensemble. The state vector would not apply to individual cat experiments, but only to the statistics of many similarly prepared cat experiments. Proponents of this interpretation state that this makes the Schrödinger's cat paradox a trivial matter, or a non-issue.

’’’<font color=”#fff8000”>系综诠释ensemble interpretation</font>’’’指出，叠加不过是一个更大的系综的子集合。状态向量不适用于单个的猫实验，而仅适用于许多类似准备的猫实验的统计数据。这种诠释的支持者表示，这使得薛定谔的猫悖论变得无关紧要，或者说是根本不是问题。

'''<font color=”#ff8000”>系综诠释ensemble interpretation</font>'''指出，叠加不过是一个更大的系综的子集合。状态向量不适用于单个的猫实验，而仅适用于许多类似准备的猫实验的统计数据。这种诠释的支持者表示，这使得薛定谔的猫悖论变得无关紧要，或者说是根本不是问题。

The relational interpretation makes no fundamental distinction between the human experimenter, the cat, or the apparatus, or between animate and inanimate systems; all are quantum systems governed by the same rules of wavefunction evolution, and all may be considered "observers". But the relational interpretation allows that different observers can give different accounts of the same series of events, depending on the information they have about the system. The cat can be considered an observer of the apparatus; meanwhile, the experimenter can be considered another observer of the system in the box (the cat plus the apparatus). Before the box is opened, the cat, by nature of its being alive or dead, has information about the state of the apparatus (the atom has either decayed or not decayed); but the experimenter does not have information about the state of the box contents. In this way, the two observers simultaneously have different accounts of the situation: To the cat, the wavefunction of the apparatus has appeared to "collapse"; to the experimenter, the contents of the box appear to be in superposition. Not until the box is opened, and both observers have the same information about what happened, do both system states appear to "collapse" into the same definite result, a cat that is either alive or dead.

The relational interpretation makes no fundamental distinction between the human experimenter, the cat, or the apparatus, or between animate and inanimate systems; all are quantum systems governed by the same rules of wavefunction evolution, and all may be considered "observers". But the relational interpretation allows that different observers can give different accounts of the same series of events, depending on the information they have about the system. The cat can be considered an observer of the apparatus; meanwhile, the experimenter can be considered another observer of the system in the box (the cat plus the apparatus). Before the box is opened, the cat, by nature of its being alive or dead, has information about the state of the apparatus (the atom has either decayed or not decayed); but the experimenter does not have information about the state of the box contents. In this way, the two observers simultaneously have different accounts of the situation: To the cat, the wavefunction of the apparatus has appeared to "collapse"; to the experimenter, the contents of the box appear to be in superposition. Not until the box is opened, and both observers have the same information about what happened, do both system states appear to "collapse" into the same definite result, a cat that is either alive or dead.

’’’<font color=”#fff8000”>关系诠释relational interpretation</font>’’’并没有从根本上区分人类实验者、猫或仪器，或者有生命的和无生命的系统; 所有这些都是受同样的波函数进化规则支配的量子系统，所有这些都可以被认为是“观察者”。但是关系诠释允许不同的观察者根据他们所掌握的关于系统的信息，对同一系列事件给出不同的解释。猫可以被认为是仪器的观察者; 同时，实验者可以被认为是盒子中系统的另一个观察者(猫和仪器)。在盒子被打开之前，猫是活着还是死了，有关于设备状态的信息(原子要么衰变了，要么没有衰变) ; 但是实验人员没有关于盒子内容状态的信息。这样，两个观察者同时对这种情况有不同的解释: 对猫来说，仪器的波函数似乎是“塌缩”的; 对实验者来说，盒子里的东西似乎是叠加的。直到盒子被打开，并且两个观察者对所发生的事情有了相同的信息，两个系统状态才似乎“坍缩”成为同一个确定的结果，一只猫不是活着就是死了。

'''<font color=”#ff8000”>关系诠释relational interpretation</font>'''并没有从根本上区分人类实验者、猫或仪器，或者有生命的和无生命的系统; 所有这些都是受同样的波函数进化规则支配的量子系统，所有这些都可以被认为是“观察者”。但是关系诠释允许不同的观察者根据他们所掌握的关于系统的信息，对同一系列事件给出不同的解释。猫可以被认为是仪器的观察者; 同时，实验者可以被认为是盒子中系统的另一个观察者(猫和仪器)。在盒子被打开之前，猫是活着还是死了，有关于设备状态的信息(原子要么衰变了，要么没有衰变) ; 但是实验人员没有关于盒子内容状态的信息。这样，两个观察者同时对这种情况有不同的解释: 对猫来说，仪器的波函数似乎是“塌缩”的; 对实验者来说，盒子里的东西似乎是叠加的。直到盒子被打开，并且两个观察者对所发生的事情有了相同的信息，两个系统状态才似乎“坍缩”成为同一个确定的结果，一只猫不是活着就是死了。

In the transactional interpretation the apparatus emits an advanced wave backward in time, which combined with the wave that the source emits forward in time, forms a standing wave.  The waves are seen as physically real, and the apparatus is considered an "observer".  In the transactional interpretation, the collapse of the wavefunction is "atemporal" and occurs along the whole transaction between the source and the apparatus.  The cat is never in superposition.  Rather the cat is only in one state at any particular time, regardless of when the human experimenter looks in the box.  The transactional interpretation resolves this quantum paradox.

In the transactional interpretation the apparatus emits an advanced wave backward in time, which combined with the wave that the source emits forward in time, forms a standing wave.  The waves are seen as physically real, and the apparatus is considered an "observer".  In the transactional interpretation, the collapse of the wavefunction is "atemporal" and occurs along the whole transaction between the source and the apparatus.  The cat is never in superposition.  Rather the cat is only in one state at any particular time, regardless of when the human experimenter looks in the box.  The transactional interpretation resolves this quantum paradox.

在’’’<font color=”#fff8000”>交易诠释transactional interpretation</font>’’’中，该装置在时间上向后发射前进波，再与源在时间上向前发射的波结合，形成驻波。这些波被视为物理上真实的波，这个装置被视为“观察者”。在交易诠释中，波函数的坍缩是不受时间影响的，并且发生在源和器件之间的整个过程中。这只猫从来不处于叠加状态。不管人类实验者什么时候看盒子，猫在任何特定的时间都只处于一种状态。交易诠释解决了这一量子悖论。

在'''<font color=”#ff8000”>交易诠释transactional interpretation</font>'''中，该装置在时间上向后发射前进波，再与源在时间上向前发射的波结合，形成驻波。这些波被视为物理上真实的波，这个装置被视为“观察者”。在交易诠释中，波函数的坍缩是不受时间影响的，并且发生在源和器件之间的整个过程中。这只猫从来不处于叠加状态。不管人类实验者什么时候看盒子，猫在任何特定的时间都只处于一种状态。交易诠释解决了这一量子悖论。

The Zeno effect is known to cause delays to any changes from the initial state.

The Zeno effect is known to cause delays to any changes from the initial state.

众所周知，’’’<font color=”#fff8000”>芝诺效应zeno effect</font>’’’会对初始状态的任何更改造成延迟。

众所周知，'''<font color=”#ff8000”>芝诺效应zeno effect</font>'''会对初始状态的任何更改造成延迟。

According to objective collapse theories, superpositions are destroyed spontaneously (irrespective of external observation), when some objective physical threshold (of time, mass, temperature, irreversibility, etc.) is reached. Thus, the cat would be expected to have settled into a definite state long before the box is opened. This could loosely be phrased as "the cat observes itself", or "the environment observes the cat".

According to objective collapse theories, superpositions are destroyed spontaneously (irrespective of external observation), when some objective physical threshold (of time, mass, temperature, irreversibility, etc.) is reached. Thus, the cat would be expected to have settled into a definite state long before the box is opened. This could loosely be phrased as "the cat observes itself", or "the environment observes the cat".

根据’’’<font color=”#fff8000”>客观塌缩理论objective collapse theories</font>’’’，当达到某种客观物理阈值(时间、质量、温度、不可逆性等)时，叠加会自发地被破坏(与外部观察无关)。因此，猫应该在盒子打开之前很久就已经进入了一个确定的状态。这可以不严谨地表述为“猫自己观察自己” ，或者“环境观察猫”。

根据''<font color=”#ff8000”>客观塌缩理论objective collapse theories</font>'''，当达到某种客观物理阈值(时间、质量、温度、不可逆性等)时，叠加会自发地被破坏(与外部观察无关)。因此，猫应该在盒子打开之前很久就已经进入了一个确定的状态。这可以不严谨地表述为“猫自己观察自己” ，或者“环境观察猫”。