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| | The distribution of a [[random variable]] ''X'' with [[cumulative distribution function|distribution function]] ''F'' is said to have a long right tail<ref name="Asmussen"/> if for all ''t'' > 0, | | The distribution of a [[random variable]] ''X'' with [[cumulative distribution function|distribution function]] ''F'' is said to have a long right tail<ref name="Asmussen"/> if for all ''t'' > 0, |
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| − | A distribution F on the whole real line is subexponential if the distribution
| + | The distribution of a random variable X with distribution function F is said to have a long right tail[1] if for all t > 0, |
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| | + | 如果对于所有t>0,具有分布函数F的随机变量X的分布具有较长的右尾, |
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| | + | :<math> |
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| | + | \lim_{x \to \infty} \Pr[X>x+t\mid X>x] =1, \, |
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| | + | <math> |
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| | + | or equivalently |
| | + | 或等同于 |
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| | + | :<math> |
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| | + | \overline{F}(x+t) \sim \overline{F}(x) \quad \mbox{as } x \to \infty. \, |
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| | + | </math> |
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| − | 如果对于所有t>0,具有分布函数F的随机变量X的分布被称为具有较长的右尾,
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| | F i ([0,infty))是。这里 i ([0,infty))是正半直线的指示函数。或者,实数行上支持的随机变量 x 是子指数当且仅当 x ^ + = max (0,x)是子指数。 | | F i ([0,infty))是。这里 i ([0,infty))是正半直线的指示函数。或者,实数行上支持的随机变量 x 是子指数当且仅当 x ^ + = max (0,x)是子指数。 |
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| − | :<math>
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| − | \lim_{x \to \infty} \Pr[X>x+t\mid X>x] =1, \,
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| | All subexponential distributions are long-tailed, but examples can be constructed of long-tailed distributions that are not subexponential. | | All subexponential distributions are long-tailed, but examples can be constructed of long-tailed distributions that are not subexponential. |
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| | 所有的次指数分布都是长尾分布,但是例子可以由非次指数的长尾分布构造。 | | 所有的次指数分布都是长尾分布,但是例子可以由非次指数的长尾分布构造。 |
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| − | </math>
| + | This has the intuitive interpretation for a right-tailed long-tailed distributed quantity that if the long-tailed quantity exceeds some high level, the probability approaches 1 that it will exceed any other higher level. |
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| | + | All long-tailed distributions are heavy-tailed, but the converse is false, and it is possible to construct heavy-tailed distributions that are not long-tailed. |
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| − | or equivalently
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| | </math> | | </math> |
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| − | This has the intuitive interpretation for a right-tailed long-tailed distributed quantity that if the long-tailed quantity exceeds some high level, the probability approaches 1 that it will exceed any other higher level.
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| − | All long-tailed distributions are heavy-tailed, but the converse is false, and it is possible to construct heavy-tailed distributions that are not long-tailed.
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| | === Subexponential distributions 长尾分布的定义 === | | === Subexponential distributions 长尾分布的定义 === |