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The ancient symbol [[Ouroboros, a dragon that continually consumes itself, denotes self-reference.]]
The ancient symbol [[Ouroboros, a dragon that continually consumes itself, denotes self-reference.]]
古代的符号[[衔尾蛇，一条连续吞噬自己的龙，表示自我参照。]]
古代的符号[[衔尾蛇，一条吞噬自己尾巴的蛇，表示自指]]
Self-reference occurs in natural or formal languages when a sentence, idea or formula refers to itself. The reference may be expressed either directly—through some intermediate sentence or formula—or by means of some encoding. In philosophy, it also refers to the ability of a subject to speak of or refer to itself, that is, to have the kind of thought expressed by the first person nominative singular pronoun "I" in English.
Self-reference occurs in natural or formal languages when a sentence, idea or formula refers to itself. The reference may be expressed either directly—through some intermediate sentence or formula—or by means of some encoding. In philosophy, it also refers to the ability of a subject to speak of or refer to itself, that is, to have the kind of thought expressed by the first person nominative singular pronoun "I" in English.
在自然语言或<font color='ff8800'>形式语言formal language</font>中，当一个句子、想法或公式指向自己时，就会出现<font color='ff8800'>自指现象Self-reference</font>。（自指的英文Self-reference中，reference有“参照”的意思。）参照可以直接通过一些中间句或公式来表达，也可以通过一些编码来表达。在哲学中，它也指一个主语谈论或指称自己的能力，也就是说，具有第一人称主格单数代词“我”在英语中所表达的那种思想。