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此词条由袁一博翻译，未经人工整理和审校，带来阅读不便，请见谅。

{{Use British English|date = March 2019}}

'''Artificial general intelligence''' ('''AGI''') is the hypothetical<ref>{{cite news |title=DeepMind and Google: the battle to control artificial intelligence |url=https://www.economist.com/news/2019/04/05/deepmind-and-google-the-battle-to-control-artificial-intelligence |accessdate=15 March 2020 |work=[[The Economist]] ([[1843 (magazine)]]) |date=2019 |quote=AGI stands for Artificial General Intelligence, a hypothetical computer program...}}</ref> intelligence of a machine that has the capacity to understand or learn any intellectual task that a [[human being]] can. It is a primary goal of some [[artificial intelligence]] research and a common topic in [[science fiction]] and [[futures studies]]. AGI can also be referred to as '''strong AI''',<ref>Kurzweil, ''Singularity'' (2005) p. 260</ref><ref name = "Kurzweil 2005-08-05">{{Citation|url=https://www.forbes.com/home/free_forbes/2005/0815/030.htmlhttps://www.forbes.com/home/free_forbes/2005/0815/030.html |first=Ray |last=Kurzweil |date=5 August 2005 |magazine=[[Forbes]]|title=Long Live AI}}: Kurzweil describes strong AI as "machine intelligence with the full range of human intelligence."</ref>

{{Artificial intelligence}}

通用人工智能(Artificial general intelligence，AGI)是一种假想中的机器智能<ref>{{cite news |title=DeepMind and Google: the battle to control artificial intelligence |url=https://www.economist.com/news/2019/04/05/deepmind-and-google-the-battle-to-control-artificial-intelligence |accessdate=15 March 2020 |work=[[The Economist]] ([[1843 (magazine)]]) |date=2019 |quote=AGI stands for Artificial General Intelligence, a hypothetical computer program...}}</ref>，它有能力理解或学习任何人类能够完成的智力任务。这是一些人工智能研究的主要目标，也是科幻小说和未来研究的共同话题。通用人工智能也可以被称为强人工智能,完全人工智能，或通用智能行为。

Some academic sources reserve the term "strong AI" for machines that can experience consciousness. Today's AI is speculated to be many years, if not decades, away from AGI.

Some academic sources reserve the term "strong AI" for machines that can experience consciousness. Today's AI is speculated to be many years, if not decades, away from AGI.

Some authorities emphasize a distinction between strong AI and applied AI, also called narrow AI In contrast to strong AI, weak AI is not intended to perform human cognitive abilities.  Rather, weak AI is limited to the use of software to study or accomplish specific problem solving or reasoning tasks.

Some authorities emphasize a distinction between strong AI and applied AI, also called narrow AI In contrast to strong AI, weak AI is not intended to perform human cognitive abilities.  Rather, weak AI is limited to the use of software to study or accomplish specific problem solving or reasoning tasks.

一些权威机构强调'' 强人工智能 ''和'' 应用人工智能 ''之间的区别，也称为'' 狭义人工智能 ''与'' 强人工智能 ''相比，弱人工智能并不是为了执行人类的认知能力。相反，弱人工智能仅限于使用软件来研究或完成特定问题的解决或完成推理任务。

一些权威机构强调'''强人工智能'''和'''应用人工智能'''，或者说'''狭义人工智能'''与'''强人工智能'''之间的区别：弱人工智能并不需要动用人类的认知能力。相反，弱人工智能仅限于用在通过软件来研究或解决特定问题，或完成推理任务。

==Requirements  判定要求==

==判定要求==

{{main|Cognitive science}}

{{main|Cognitive science}}

Various criteria for [[intelligence]] have been proposed (most famously the [[Turing test]]) but to date, there is no definition that satisfies everyone.<ref>AI founder [[John McCarthy (computer scientist)|John McCarthy]] writes: "we cannot yet characterize in general what kinds of computational procedures we want to call intelligent." {{cite web| url=http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/node1.html| title=Basic Questions| last=McCarthy| first=John| authorlink=John McCarthy (computer scientist)| publisher=[[Stanford University]]| year=2007| access-date=6 December 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026100601/http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/node1.html| archive-date=26 October 2007| url-status=live}} (For a discussion of some definitions of intelligence used by [[artificial intelligence]] researchers, see [[philosophy of artificial intelligence]].)</ref> However, there ''is'' wide agreement among artificial intelligence researchers that intelligence is required to do the following:<ref>

Various criteria for [[intelligence]] have been proposed (most famously the [[Turing test]]) but to date, there is no definition that satisfies everyone.<ref>AI founder [[John McCarthy (computer scientist)|John McCarthy]] writes: "we cannot yet characterize in general what kinds of computational procedures we want to call intelligent." {{cite web| url=http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/node1.html| title=Basic Questions| last=McCarthy| first=John| authorlink=John McCarthy (computer scientist)| publisher=[[Stanford University]]| year=2007| access-date=6 December 2007| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026100601/http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/node1.html| archive-date=26 October 2007| url-status=live}} (For a discussion of some definitions of intelligence used by [[artificial intelligence]] researchers, see [[philosophy of artificial intelligence]].)</ref> However, there ''is'' wide agreement among artificial intelligence researchers that intelligence is required to do the following:<ref>

人们提出了各种各样的智能标准(最著名的是图灵测试) ，但到目前为止，还没有一个定义能使所有人满意。然而，人工智能研究人员普遍认为，智能需要做到以下几点:  

人们提出了各种各样的智能标准(最著名的是图灵测试) ，但到目前为止，还没有一个定义能使所有人满意。然而，人工智能研究人员普遍认为，智能需要做到以下几点:  

 

 

This list of intelligent traits is based on the topics covered by major AI textbooks, including:

This list of intelligent traits is based on the topics covered by major AI textbooks, including:

{{Harvnb|Russell|Norvig|2003}},

{{Harvnb|Russell|Norvig|2003}},

{{Harvnb|Luger|Stubblefield|2004}},

{{Harvnb|Luger|Stubblefield|2004}},

{{Harvnb|Poole|Mackworth|Goebel|1998}} and

{{Harvnb|Poole|Mackworth|Goebel|1998}} and

{{Harvnb|Nilsson|1998}}.

{{Harvnb|Nilsson|1998}}.

</ref>

</ref>

* [[automated reasoning|reason]], use strategy, solve puzzles, and make judgments under [[uncertainty]];

 

* [[knowledge representation|represent knowledge]], including [[Commonsense knowledge base|commonsense knowledge]];

* [[automated planning and scheduling|plan]];

 

* [[automated reasoning|reason]], use strategy, solve puzzles, and make judgments under [[uncertainty]];使用策略，解决问题，并且在不确定条件下做出决策。

 

* [[knowledge representation|represent knowledge]], including [[Commonsense knowledge base|commonsense knowledge]];展现知识，包括常识。

 

* [[automated planning and scheduling|plan]];规划。

 

* [[machine learning|learn]];学习。

* [[machine learning|learn]];学习。

* and [[Artificial intelligence systems integration|integrate all these skills]] towards common goals.综合运用所有技巧以达到某个目的。

* 推理、使用策略，解决问题，并且在不确定条件下做出决策；

Other important capabilities include the ability to sense (e.g. see) and the ability to act (e.g. move and manipulate objects) in the world where intelligent behaviour is to be observed. This would include an ability to detect and respond to hazard. Many interdisciplinary approaches to intelligence (e.g. cognitive science, computational intelligence and decision making) tend to emphasise the need to consider additional traits such as imagination (taken as the ability to form mental images and concepts that were not programmed in) and autonomy.

Other important capabilities include the ability to sense (e.g. see) and the ability to act (e.g. move and manipulate objects) in the world where intelligent behaviour is to be observed. This would include an ability to detect and respond to hazard. Many interdisciplinary approaches to intelligence (e.g. cognitive science, computational intelligence and decision making) tend to emphasise the need to consider additional traits such as imagination (taken as the ability to form mental images and concepts that were not programmed in) and autonomy.

其他重要的能力包括在客观世界感知(例如:视觉）和行动(例如:移动和操纵物体)的能力。智能行为在客观世界中是可观测的。这将包括检测和应对危险的能力。许多跨学科的智力研究方法(例如:。认知科学、计算智能和决策)倾向于强调考虑额外特征的必要性，例如想象力(被认为是未编入程序的形成意象和概念的能力)和自主性。

其他重要的能力包括在客观世界进行感知(例如:视觉）和行动(例如:移动和操纵物体)的能力。智能行为在客观世界中是可观测的。这将包括检测和应对危险的能力。许多跨学科的智力研究方法(例如:认知科学、计算智能和决策)倾向于强调考虑额外特征的必要性，例如想象力(被认为是未编入程序的形成意象和概念的能力)和自主性。

Computer based systems that exhibit many of these capabilities do exist (e.g. see [[computational creativity]], [[automated reasoning]], [[decision support system]], [[robot]], [[evolutionary computation]], [[intelligent agent]]), but not yet at human levels.

Computer based systems that exhibit many of these capabilities do exist (e.g. see [[computational creativity]], [[automated reasoning]], [[decision support system]], [[robot]], [[evolutionary computation]], [[intelligent agent]]), but not yet at human levels.

Computer based systems that exhibit many of these capabilities do exist (e.g. see computational creativity, automated reasoning, decision support system, robot, evolutionary computation, intelligent agent), but not yet at human levels.

Computer based systems that exhibit many of these capabilities do exist (e.g. see computational creativity, automated reasoning, decision support system, robot, evolutionary computation, intelligent agent), but not yet at human levels.

基于计算机的系统，展示了许多这些能力确实存在(例如:。参见计算创造性、自动推理、决策支持系统、机器人、进化计算、智能代理) ，但还没有达到人类的水平。

基于计算机的智能系统，展示出了许多上述能力(例如：计算创造性、自动推理、决策支持系统、机器人、进化计算、智能代理) ，但还没有达到人类的水平。

===Tests for confirming human-level AGI{{anchor|Tests_for_confirming_human-level_AGI}}===

===判定人类水平通用人工智能的测试===

The following tests to confirm human-level AGI have been considered:<ref>{{cite web|last=Muehlhauser|first=Luke|title=What is AGI?|url=http://intelligence.org/2013/08/11/what-is-agi/|publisher=Machine Intelligence Research Institute|accessdate=1 May 2014|date=11 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425115445/http://intelligence.org/2013/08/11/what-is-agi/|archive-date=25 April 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.talkyblog.com/artificial_general_intelligence_agi/|title=What is Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)? {{!}} 4 Tests For Ensuring Artificial General Intelligence|date=13 July 2019|website=Talky Blog|language=en-US|access-date=17 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717071152/https://www.talkyblog.com/artificial_general_intelligence_agi/|archive-date=17 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

The following tests to confirm human-level AGI have been considered:<ref>{{cite web|last=Muehlhauser|first=Luke|title=What is AGI?|url=http://intelligence.org/2013/08/11/what-is-agi/|publisher=Machine Intelligence Research Institute|accessdate=1 May 2014|date=11 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425115445/http://intelligence.org/2013/08/11/what-is-agi/|archive-date=25 April 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.talkyblog.com/artificial_general_intelligence_agi/|title=What is Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)? {{!}} 4 Tests For Ensuring Artificial General Intelligence|date=13 July 2019|website=Talky Blog|language=en-US|access-date=17 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717071152/https://www.talkyblog.com/artificial_general_intelligence_agi/|archive-date=17 July 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

The following tests to confirm human-level AGI have been considered:

The following tests to confirm human-level AGI have been considered:

考虑了下列测试以确认人类水平 AGI:

经过了许多思考，下列测试被提出以确认机器是否拥有人类水平的通用智能:

 

 

图灵测试(图灵)

;[[图灵测试]]

: A machine and a human both converse sight unseen with a second human, who must evaluate which of the two is the machine, which passes the test if it can fool the evaluator a significant fraction of the time. Note: Turing does not prescribe what should qualify as intelligence, only that knowing that it is a machine should disqualify it.

: A machine and a human both converse sight unseen with a second human, who must evaluate which of the two is the machine, which passes the test if it can fool the evaluator a significant fraction of the time. Note: Turing does not prescribe what should qualify as intelligence, only that knowing that it is a machine should disqualify it.

A machine and a human both converse sight unseen with a second human, who must evaluate which of the two is the machine, which passes the test if it can fool the evaluator a significant fraction of the time. Note: Turing does not prescribe what should qualify as intelligence, only that knowing that it is a machine should disqualify it.

: 一个机器人和一个人类都与另一个人类在看不到的情况下进行交流，后者必须评估两者中哪一个是机器，如果它能在很大一部分时间内骗过评估者，那么机器就通过了测试。注意: 图灵并没有规定什么是智能，只规定了只要一台机器能被指认出来，那就不应该认为它是智能的。

 

一个机器人和一个人类都与另一个人类进行眼神交流，后者必须评估两者中哪一个是机器，如果它能骗过评估者很大一部分时间，那么机器就通过了测试。注意: 图灵并没有规定什么是智能，只要能认出它是一台机器就不应该认为它是智能的。

;The Coffee Test ([[Steve Wozniak|''Wozniak'']])

;The Coffee Test ([[Steve Wozniak|''Wozniak'']])

;咖啡测试(沃兹尼亚克)

 

咖啡测试(沃兹尼亚克)

: A machine is required to enter an average American home and figure out how to make coffee: find the coffee machine, find the coffee, add water, find a mug, and brew the coffee by pushing the proper buttons.

: A machine is required to enter an average American home and figure out how to make coffee: find the coffee machine, find the coffee, add water, find a mug, and brew the coffee by pushing the proper buttons.

A machine is required to enter an average American home and figure out how to make coffee: find the coffee machine, find the coffee, add water, find a mug, and brew the coffee by pushing the proper buttons.

: 一台机器需要进入一个普通的美国家庭，并弄清楚如何制作咖啡: 找到咖啡机，找到咖啡，加水，找到一个马克杯，并通过按下正确的按钮来煮咖啡。

 

一台机器需要进入一个普通的美国家庭，并弄清楚如何制作咖啡: 找到咖啡机，找到咖啡，加水，找到一个马克杯，并通过按下正确的按钮来煮咖啡。

;The Robot College Student Test ([[Ben Goertzel|''Goertzel'']])

;The Robot College Student Test ([[Ben Goertzel|''Goertzel'']])

;机器人大学生考试(格兹尔)

 

机器人大学生考试(格兹尔)

: A machine enrolls in a university, taking and passing the same classes that humans would, and obtaining a degree.

: A machine enrolls in a university, taking and passing the same classes that humans would, and obtaining a degree.

: 一台机器进入一所大学，学习并通过与人类相同的课程，并获得学位。

 

一台机器进入一所大学，学习并通过与人类相同的课程，并获得学位。

;The Employment Test ([[Nils John Nilsson|''Nilsson'']])

;The Employment Test ([[Nils John Nilsson|''Nilsson'']])

;就业测试(尼尔森)

 

就业测试(尼尔森)

: A machine works an economically important job, performing at least as well as humans in the same job.

: A machine works an economically important job, performing at least as well as humans in the same job.