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信息论 (查看源代码)

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'''信息论 Information Theory'''研究的是信息的量化、存储与传播。信息论最初是由'''克劳德·香农 Claude Shannon'''在1948年的一篇题为'''《一种通信的数学理论（A Mathematical Theory of Communication）》'''的里程碑式论文中提出的，其目的是找到信号处理和通信操作（如数据压缩）的基本限制。信息论对于旅行者号深空探测任务的成功、光盘的发明、移动电话的可行性、互联网的发展、语言学和人类感知的研究、对黑洞的理解以及许多其他领域的研究都是至关重要的。

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该领域是数学、统计学、计算机科学、物理学、神经生物学、信息工程和电气工程的交叉学科。这一理论也在其他领域得到了应用，比如推论统计学、自然语言处理、密码学、神经生物学<ref name="Spikes">{{cite book|title=Spikes: Exploring the Neural Code|author1=F. Rieke|author2=D. Warland|author3=R Ruyter van Steveninck|author4=W Bialek|publisher=The MIT press|year=1997|isbn=978-0262681087}}</ref>、人类视觉<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Delgado-Bonal|first1=Alfonso|last2=Martín-Torres|first2=Javier|date=2016-11-03|title=Human vision is determined based on information theory|journal=Scientific Reports|language=En|volume=6|issue=1|pages=36038|bibcode=2016NatSR...636038D|doi=10.1038/srep36038|issn=2045-2322|pmc=5093619|pmid=27808236}}</ref>、分子编码的进化<ref>{{cite journal|last1=cf|last2=Huelsenbeck|first2=J. P.|last3=Ronquist|first3=F.|last4=Nielsen|first4=R.|last5=Bollback|first5=J. P.|year=2001|title=Bayesian inference of phylogeny and its impact on evolutionary biology|url=|journal=Science|volume=294|issue=5550|pages=2310–2314|bibcode=2001Sci...294.2310H|doi=10.1126/science.1065889|pmid=11743192|s2cid=2138288}}</ref>和功能(生物信息学)、统计学中的模型选择<ref>Burnham, K. P. and Anderson D. R. (2002) ''Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach, Second Edition'' (Springer Science, New York) ~~{{ISBN|978-0-387-95364-9~~}}.</ref>、热物理学<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jaynes|first1=E. T.|year=1957|title=Information Theory and Statistical Mechanics|url=http://bayes.wustl.edu/|journal=Phys. Rev.|volume=106|issue=4|page=620|bibcode=1957PhRv..106..620J|doi=10.1103/physrev.106.620}}</ref> 、量子计算、语言学、剽窃检测<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bennett|first1=Charles H.|last2=Li|first2=Ming|last3=Ma|first3=Bin|year=2003|title=Chain Letters and Evolutionary Histories|url=http://sciamdigital.com/index.cfm?fa=Products.ViewIssuePreview&ARTICLEID_CHAR=08B64096-0772-4904-9D48227D5C9FAC75|journal=Scientific American|volume=288|issue=6|pages=76–81|bibcode=2003SciAm.288f..76B|doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0603-76|pmid=12764940|access-date=2008-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007041539/http://www.sciamdigital.com/index.cfm?fa=Products.ViewIssuePreview&ARTICLEID_CHAR=08B64096-0772-4904-9D48227D5C9FAC75|archive-date=2007-10-07|url-status=dead}}</ref>、模式识别和异常检测<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aicanderson2.home.comcast.net/~aicanderson2/home.pdf|title=Some background on why people in the empirical sciences may want to better understand the information-theoretic methods|author=David R. Anderson|date=November 1, 2003|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723045720/http://aicanderson2.home.comcast.net/~aicanderson2/home.pdf|archivedate=July 23, 2011|url-status=dead|accessdate=2010-06-23}}

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该领域是数学、统计学、计算机科学、物理学、神经生物学、信息工程和电气工程的交叉学科。这一理论也在其他领域得到了应用，比如推论统计学、自然语言处理、密码学、神经生物学<ref name="Spikes">{{cite book|title=Spikes: Exploring the Neural Code|author1=F. Rieke|author2=D. Warland|author3=R Ruyter van Steveninck|author4=W Bialek|publisher=The MIT press|year=1997|isbn=978-0262681087}}</ref>、人类视觉<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Delgado-Bonal|first1=Alfonso|last2=Martín-Torres|first2=Javier|date=2016-11-03|title=Human vision is determined based on information theory|journal=Scientific Reports|language=En|volume=6|issue=1|pages=36038|bibcode=2016NatSR...636038D|doi=10.1038/srep36038|issn=2045-2322|pmc=5093619|pmid=27808236}}</ref>、分子编码的进化<ref>{{cite journal|last1=cf|last2=Huelsenbeck|first2=J. P.|last3=Ronquist|first3=F.|last4=Nielsen|first4=R.|last5=Bollback|first5=J. P.|year=2001|title=Bayesian inference of phylogeny and its impact on evolutionary biology|url=|journal=Science|volume=294|issue=5550|pages=2310–2314|bibcode=2001Sci...294.2310H|doi=10.1126/science.1065889|pmid=11743192|s2cid=2138288}}</ref>和功能(生物信息学)、统计学中的模型选择<ref>Burnham, K. P. and Anderson D. R. (2002) ''Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach, Second Edition'' (Springer Science, New York)}}.</ref>、热物理学<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jaynes|first1=E. T.|year=1957|title=Information Theory and Statistical Mechanics|url=http://bayes.wustl.edu/|journal=Phys. Rev.|volume=106|issue=4|page=620|bibcode=1957PhRv..106..620J|doi=10.1103/physrev.106.620}}</ref> 、量子计算、语言学、剽窃检测<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bennett|first1=Charles H.|last2=Li|first2=Ming|last3=Ma|first3=Bin|year=2003|title=Chain Letters and Evolutionary Histories|url=http://sciamdigital.com/index.cfm?fa=Products.ViewIssuePreview&ARTICLEID_CHAR=08B64096-0772-4904-9D48227D5C9FAC75|journal=Scientific American|volume=288|issue=6|pages=76–81|bibcode=2003SciAm.288f..76B|doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0603-76|pmid=12764940|access-date=2008-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007041539/http://www.sciamdigital.com/index.cfm?fa=Products.ViewIssuePreview&ARTICLEID_CHAR=08B64096-0772-4904-9D48227D5C9FAC75|archive-date=2007-10-07|url-status=dead}}</ref>、模式识别和异常检测<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aicanderson2.home.comcast.net/~aicanderson2/home.pdf|title=Some background on why people in the empirical sciences may want to better understand the information-theoretic methods|author=David R. Anderson|date=November 1, 2003|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723045720/http://aicanderson2.home.comcast.net/~aicanderson2/home.pdf|archivedate=July 23, 2011|url-status=dead|accessdate=2010-06-23}}

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