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| Self-reference is studied and has applications in mathematics, philosophy, computer programming, and linguistics. Self-referential statements are sometimes paradoxical, and can also be considered recursive. | | Self-reference is studied and has applications in mathematics, philosophy, computer programming, and linguistics. Self-referential statements are sometimes paradoxical, and can also be considered recursive. |
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− | 自我参照是研究和应用在数学,哲学,计算机编程和语言学。自我参照的陈述有时是矛盾的,也可以被认为是递归的。
| + | <font color='ff8800'>自指Self-reference</font>研究和应用在数学,哲学,计算机编程和语言学中。自指陈述有时是矛盾的,也可以被认为是递归的。 |
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− | ==In logic, mathematics and computing == | + | ==In logic, mathematics and computing 逻辑、数学和计算== |
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| In classical [[philosophy]], [[paradoxes]] were created by self-referential concepts such as the [[omnipotence paradox]] of asking if it was possible for a being to exist so powerful that it could create a stone that it could not lift. The [[Epimenides paradox]], 'All Cretans are liars' when uttered by an ancient Greek Cretan was one of the first recorded versions. Contemporary philosophy sometimes employs the same technique to demonstrate that a supposed concept is meaningless or ill-defined.<ref>[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/liar-paradox/ ''Liar Paradox'']</ref> | | In classical [[philosophy]], [[paradoxes]] were created by self-referential concepts such as the [[omnipotence paradox]] of asking if it was possible for a being to exist so powerful that it could create a stone that it could not lift. The [[Epimenides paradox]], 'All Cretans are liars' when uttered by an ancient Greek Cretan was one of the first recorded versions. Contemporary philosophy sometimes employs the same technique to demonstrate that a supposed concept is meaningless or ill-defined.<ref>[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/liar-paradox/ ''Liar Paradox'']</ref> |
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| In classical philosophy, paradoxes were created by self-referential concepts such as the omnipotence paradox of asking if it was possible for a being to exist so powerful that it could create a stone that it could not lift. The Epimenides paradox, 'All Cretans are liars' when uttered by an ancient Greek Cretan was one of the first recorded versions. Contemporary philosophy sometimes employs the same technique to demonstrate that a supposed concept is meaningless or ill-defined. | | In classical philosophy, paradoxes were created by self-referential concepts such as the omnipotence paradox of asking if it was possible for a being to exist so powerful that it could create a stone that it could not lift. The Epimenides paradox, 'All Cretans are liars' when uttered by an ancient Greek Cretan was one of the first recorded versions. Contemporary philosophy sometimes employs the same technique to demonstrate that a supposed concept is meaningless or ill-defined. |
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− | 在古典哲学中,悖论是由自我参照的概念创造出来的,比如全能悖论问是否存在一个如此强大的存在,以至于它可以创造一块无法举起的石头。埃庇米尼得斯悖论,古希腊克里岛人说的“所有克里岛人都是骗子”是有记载的最早版本之一。当代哲学有时使用同样的技巧来证明一个假定的概念是没有意义的或者定义不明确的。
| + | 在古典哲学中,<font color="#ff8000"> 悖论Paradoxes</font>是由<font color='ff8800'>自指</font>概念创造出来的,比如全能悖论问是否存在一个如此强大的存在,以至于它可以创造一块无法举起的石头。埃庇米尼得斯悖论,古希腊克里岛人说的“所有克里岛人都是骗子”是有记载的最早版本之一。当代哲学有时使用同样的技巧来证明一个假定的概念是没有意义的或者定义不明确的。 |
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