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→Mass–energy relation质量-能量关系
<center>Topological transformation of the torus into a mug </center>
<center>Topological transformation of the torus into a mug </center>
环面向杯子的拓扑变换
<center>环面向杯子的拓扑变换</center>
It was [[Albert Einstein]]'s concept of [[mass–energy equivalence]] (1905) that a body losing energy as radiation or heat was losing mass of amount ''m'' = ''E''/''c''<sup>2</sup> that resolved<ref name=darrigol>Darrigol 2005, Secondary sources on relativity</ref> Poincaré's paradox, without using any compensating mechanism within the ether.<ref>{{Citation|author=Einstein, A. |year=1905b |title=Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von dessen Energieinhalt abhängig? |journal=Annalen der Physik |volume=18 |issue=13 |pages=639–643 |bibcode=1905AnP...323..639E |doi= 10.1002/andp.19053231314 |url=http://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/annalen/history/papers/1905_18_639-641.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050124051500/http://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/annalen/history/papers/1905_18_639-641.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 January 2005}}. See also [http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/specrel/www English translation].</ref> The Hertzian oscillator loses mass in the emission process, and momentum is conserved in any frame. However, concerning Poincaré's solution of the Center of Gravity problem, Einstein noted that Poincaré's formulation and his own from 1906 were mathematically equivalent.<ref>{{Citation|author=Einstein, A. |year=1906 |title=Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunktsbewegung und die Trägheit der Energie |journal=Annalen der Physik |volume=20 |pages=627–633 |doi=10.1002/andp.19063250814 |issue=8 |bibcode=1906AnP...325..627E |url= http://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/annalen/history/papers/1906_20_627-633.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060318060830/http://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/annalen/history/papers/1906_20_627-633.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 March 2006}}</ref>
It was [[Albert Einstein]]'s concept of [[mass–energy equivalence]] (1905) that a body losing energy as radiation or heat was losing mass of amount ''m'' = ''E''/''c''<sup>2</sup> that resolved<ref name=darrigol>Darrigol 2005, Secondary sources on relativity</ref> Poincaré's paradox, without using any compensating mechanism within the ether.<ref>{{Citation|author=Einstein, A. |year=1905b |title=Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von dessen Energieinhalt abhängig? |journal=Annalen der Physik |volume=18 |issue=13 |pages=639–643 |bibcode=1905AnP...323..639E |doi= 10.1002/andp.19053231314 |url=http://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/annalen/history/papers/1905_18_639-641.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050124051500/http://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/annalen/history/papers/1905_18_639-641.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 January 2005}}. See also [http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/specrel/www English translation].</ref> The Hertzian oscillator loses mass in the emission process, and momentum is conserved in any frame. However, concerning Poincaré's solution of the Center of Gravity problem, Einstein noted that Poincaré's formulation and his own from 1906 were mathematically equivalent.<ref>{{Citation|author=Einstein, A. |year=1906 |title=Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunktsbewegung und die Trägheit der Energie |journal=Annalen der Physik |volume=20 |pages=627–633 |doi=10.1002/andp.19063250814 |issue=8 |bibcode=1906AnP...325..627E |url= http://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/annalen/history/papers/1906_20_627-633.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060318060830/http://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/annalen/history/papers/1906_20_627-633.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 March 2006}}</ref>