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David Gal has argued that many of these issues stem from behavioral economics being too concerned with understanding how behavior deviates from standard economic models rather than with understanding why people behave the way they do. Understanding why behavior occurs is necessary for the creation of generalizable knowledge, the goal of science. He has referred to behavioral economics as a "triumph of marketing" and particularly cited the example of loss aversion.

David Gal has argued that many of these issues stem from behavioral economics being too concerned with understanding how behavior deviates from standard economic models rather than with understanding why people behave the way they do. Understanding why behavior occurs is necessary for the creation of generalizable knowledge, the goal of science. He has referred to behavioral economics as a "triumph of marketing" and particularly cited the example of loss aversion.

大卫·加尔David Gal认为，这些争论中的许多问题源于行为经济学过分执着于分析行为是如何偏离标准经济模型，而不是理解人们为什么会这样做。理解特定行为发生的原因对于归纳性知识的诞生很必要——这也是科学的目标。他还将行为经济学称为“市场营销的胜利” ，并特别提到了'''<font color = 'ff8000'>损失规避loss aversion</font>'''的例子<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/06/opinion/sunday/behavioral-economics.html|title=Opinion {{!}} Why Is Behavioral Economics So Popular?|access-date=2018-11-16|language=en}}</ref>。

大卫·加尔David Gal认为，这些争论中的许多问题源于行为经济学过分执着于分析行为是如何偏离标准经济模型，而不是理解人们为什么会这样做。理解特定行为发生的原因对于归纳性知识的诞生很必要——这也是科学的目标。他还将行为经济学称为“市场营销的胜利” ，并特别提到了损失厌恶的例子<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/06/opinion/sunday/behavioral-economics.html|title=Opinion {{!}} Why Is Behavioral Economics So Popular?|access-date=2018-11-16|language=en}}</ref>。

一些研究人员表示<ref name="Sarapultsev, A. 2014">{{cite journal|last1=Sarapultsev |first1=A. |last2= Sarapultsev |first2=P. |year=2014 |title=Novelty, Stress, and Biological Roots in Human Market Behavior |journal=Behavioral Sciences |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=53–69 |doi=10.3390/bs4010053|pmid=25379268 |pmc=4219248 }}</ref>，在研究构成决策基础的机制（尤其是财务决策）时，有必要认识到大多数决策都是在压力状态下做出的<ref>{{cite book|last=Zhukov |first=D.A. |title=Biologija Povedenija |work= Gumoral’nye Mehanizmy [Biology of Behavior. Humoral Mechanisms]; |publisher=Rech |location=St. Petersburg, Russia |year=2007}}</ref>，因为“压力是一种面对任务时人所做出的非特定的身体反应。” <ref name="Selye2013">{{cite book|first=Hans|last=Selye |title=Stress in Health and Disease|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=wrfYBAAAQBAJ}}|year= 2013|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-1-4831-9221-5}}</ref>

一些研究人员表示<ref name="Sarapultsev, A. 2014">{{cite journal|last1=Sarapultsev |first1=A. |last2= Sarapultsev |first2=P. |year=2014 |title=Novelty, Stress, and Biological Roots in Human Market Behavior |journal=Behavioral Sciences |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=53–69 |doi=10.3390/bs4010053|pmid=25379268 |pmc=4219248 }}</ref>，在研究构成决策基础的机制（尤其是财务决策）时，有必要认识到大多数决策都是在压力状态下做出的<ref>{{cite book|last=Zhukov |first=D.A. |title=Biologija Povedenija |work= Gumoral’nye Mehanizmy [Biology of Behavior. Humoral Mechanisms]; |publisher=Rech |location=St. Petersburg, Russia |year=2007}}</ref>，因为“压力是一种面对任务时人所做出的非特定的身体反应。” <ref name="Selye2013">{{cite book|first=Hans|last=Selye |title=Stress in Health and Disease|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=wrfYBAAAQBAJ}}|year= 2013|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-1-4831-9221-5}}</ref>

== Applied issues 应用问题==

== Applied issues 应用问题==