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Some of Simon's economic research was directed toward understanding technological change in general and the information processing revolution in particular.
Some of Simon's economic research was directed toward understanding technological change in general and the information processing revolution in particular.
Simon was a pioneer in the field of [[artificial intelligence]], creating with [[Allen Newell]] the [[Logic Theorist|Logic Theory Machine]] (1956) and the [[General Problem Solver]] (GPS) (1957) programs. GPS may possibly be the first method developed for separating problem solving strategy from information about particular problems. Both programs were developed using the [[Information Processing Language]] (IPL) (1956) developed by Newell, [[Cliff Shaw]], and Simon. [[Donald Knuth]] mentions the development of list processing in IPL, with the [[linked list]] originally called "NSS memory" for its inventors.<ref>Volume 1 of ''[[The Art of Computer Programming]]''</ref> In 1957, Simon predicted that [[computer chess]] would surpass human chess abilities within "ten years" when, in reality, that transition took about forty years.<ref>[http://www.ddj.com/hpc-high-performance-computing/184405171 Computer Chess: The Drosophila of AI] October 30, 2002</ref>
Simon was a pioneer in the field of [[artificial intelligence]], creating with [[Allen Newell]] the [[Logic Theorist|Logic Theory Machine]] (1956) and the [[General Problem Solver]] (GPS) (1957) programs. GPS may possibly be the first method developed for separating problem solving strategy from information about particular problems. Both programs were developed using the [[Information Processing Language]] (IPL) (1956) developed by Newell, [[Cliff Shaw]], and Simon. [[Donald Knuth]] mentions the development of list processing in IPL, with the [[linked list]] originally called "NSS memory" for its inventors.<ref>Volume 1 of ''[[The Art of Computer Programming]]''</ref> In 1957, Simon predicted that [[computer chess]] would surpass human chess abilities within "ten years" when, in reality, that transition took about forty years.<ref>[http://www.ddj.com/hpc-high-performance-computing/184405171 Computer Chess: The Drosophila of AI] October 30, 2002</ref>
In the early 1960s psychologist [[Ulric Neisser]] asserted that while machines are capable of replicating "cold cognition" behaviors such as reasoning, planning, perceiving, and deciding, they would never be able to replicate "[[hot cognition]]" behaviors such as pain, pleasure, desire, and other emotions. Simon responded to Neisser's views in 1963 by writing a paper on emotional cognition,<ref>Herbert A. Simon, [http://digitalcollections.library.cmu.edu/awweb/awarchive?type=file&item=346072 ''A Theory of Emotional Behavior'']. Carnegie Mellon University Complex Information Processing (CIP) Working Paper #55, June 1, 1963.</ref> which he updated in 1967 and published in ''Psychological Review''.<ref>Herbert A. Simon, [http://digitalcollections.library.cmu.edu/awweb/awarchive?type=file&item=34512 "Motivational and Emotional Controls of Cognition"]. ''Psychological Review'', 1967, Vol. 74, No. 1, 29-39.</ref> Simon's work on emotional cognition was largely ignored by the artificial intelligence research community for several years, but subsequent work on emotions by [[Aaron Sloman|Sloman]] and [[Rosalind Picard|Picard]] helped refocus attention on Simon's paper and eventually, made it highly influential on the topic.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}}
In the early 1960s psychologist [[Ulric Neisser]] asserted that while machines are capable of replicating "cold cognition" behaviors such as reasoning, planning, perceiving, and deciding, they would never be able to replicate "[[hot cognition]]" behaviors such as pain, pleasure, desire, and other emotions. Simon responded to Neisser's views in 1963 by writing a paper on emotional cognition,<ref>Herbert A. Simon, [http://digitalcollections.library.cmu.edu/awweb/awarchive?type=file&item=346072 ''A Theory of Emotional Behavior'']. Carnegie Mellon University Complex Information Processing (CIP) Working Paper #55, June 1, 1963.</ref> which he updated in 1967 and published in ''Psychological Review''.<ref>Herbert A. Simon, [http://digitalcollections.library.cmu.edu/awweb/awarchive?type=file&item=34512 "Motivational and Emotional Controls of Cognition"]. ''Psychological Review'', 1967, Vol. 74, No. 1, 29-39.</ref> Simon's work on emotional cognition was largely ignored by the artificial intelligence research community for several years, but subsequent work on emotions by [[Aaron Sloman|Sloman]] and [[Rosalind Picard|Picard]] helped refocus attention on Simon's paper and eventually, made it highly influential on the topic.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}}
With [[Allen Newell]], Simon developed a [[theory]] for the [[simulation]] of human [[problem solving]] behavior using production rules.<ref>Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon, ''Human Problem Solving'', 1972</ref> The study of human [[problem solving]] required new kinds of human measurements and, with [[Anders Ericsson]], Simon developed the experimental technique of verbal protocol analysis.<ref>K. A. Ericsson and H. A. Simon, ''Protocol Analysis: Verbal Reports as Data'', 1993</ref> Simon was interested in the role of knowledge in expertise. He said that to become an expert on a topic required about ten years of experience and he and colleagues estimated that expertise was the result of learning roughly 50,000 [[chunking (psychology)|chunks]] of information. A [[chess]] [[expert]] was said to have learned about 50,000 chunks or chess position patterns.<ref>Chase and Simon. "Perception in Chess". ''[[Cognitive Psychology]]'' Volume 4, 1973</ref>
With [[Allen Newell]], Simon developed a [[theory]] for the [[simulation]] of human [[problem solving]] behavior using production rules.<ref>Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon, ''Human Problem Solving'', 1972</ref> The study of human [[problem solving]] required new kinds of human measurements and, with [[Anders Ericsson]], Simon developed the experimental technique of verbal protocol analysis.<ref>K. A. Ericsson and H. A. Simon, ''Protocol Analysis: Verbal Reports as Data'', 1993</ref> Simon was interested in the role of knowledge in expertise. He said that to become an expert on a topic required about ten years of experience and he and colleagues estimated that expertise was the result of learning roughly 50,000 [[chunking (psychology)|chunks]] of information. A [[chess]] [[expert]] was said to have learned about 50,000 chunks or chess position patterns.<ref>Chase and Simon. "Perception in Chess". ''[[Cognitive Psychology]]'' Volume 4, 1973</ref>
===心理学===
===心理学===