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==References==

==References==

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<ref name=Wong>

<ref name=Wong>

 

{{cite encyclopedia |author1=O'Connor, Timothy |author2=Wong, Hong Yu |title=Emergent Properties|encyclopedia=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2012 Edition) |editor1=Edward N. Zalta |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2012/entries/properties-emergent/ |date=February 28, 2012}}

 

{{cite journal |author1=O'Connor, Timothy |author2=Wong, Hong Yu |title=Emergent Properties|encyclopedia=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2012 Edition) |editor1=Edward N. Zalta |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2012/entries/properties-emergent/ |date=February 28, 2012}}

 

 

 

 

</ref>

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===Bibliography===

===Bibliography===

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* {{cite journal |last1 = Albert | first1 = Réka | last2 = Jeong | first2 = Hawoong | last3 = Barabási | first3 = Albert-László | title = Diameter of the World-Wide Web | journal = Nature |date = 9 September 1999 | volume = 401 | issue = 6749 | pages = 130–131 | doi = 10.1038/43601| arxiv = cond-mat/9907038 | bibcode = 1999Natur.401..130A | s2cid = 4419938 }}

 

 

* {{cite journal |last1 = Albert | first1 = Réka | last2 = Jeong | first2 = Hawoong | last3 = Barabási | first3 = Albert-László | title = Diameter of the World-Wide Web | journal = Nature |date = 9 September 1999 | volume = 401 | issue = 6749 | pages = 130–131 | doi = 10.1038/43601| arxiv = cond-mat/9907038 }}

 

 

 

* {{Citation | surname = Anderson | given = P.W. | title = More is Different: Broken Symmetry and the Nature of the Hierarchical Structure of Science | journal = [[Science (journal)|Science]] | volume = 177 | year = 1972 | pages = 393–96 | doi = 10.1126/science.177.4047.393 | pmid=17796623 | issue=4047|bibcode = 1972Sci...177..393A }}

* {{Citation | surname = Anderson | given = P.W. | title = More is Different: Broken Symmetry and the Nature of the Hierarchical Structure of Science | journal = [[Science (journal)|Science]] | volume = 177 | year = 1972 | pages = 393–96 | doi = 10.1126/science.177.4047.393 | pmid=17796623 | issue=4047|bibcode = 1972Sci...177..393A }}

* {{Citation | surname = Bedau | given = Mark A. | title = Weak Emergence | year = 1997 | url = http://people.reed.edu/~mab/papers/weak.emergence.pdf}}

* {{Citation | surname = Bedau | given = Mark A. | title = Weak Emergence | year = 1997 | url = http://people.reed.edu/~mab/papers/weak.emergence.pdf}}

* {{Citation |surname=Bejan |given=Adrian |year=2016 |title=The Physics of Life: The Evolution of Everything |publisher=St. Martin's Press |isbn=978-1250078827}}

* {{Citation |surname=Bejan |given=Adrian |year=2016 |title=The Physics of Life: The Evolution of Everything |publisher=St. Martin's Press |isbn=978-1250078827}}

* Bejan, Adrian; Zane, J. P. (2012). ''Design in Nature: How the Constructal Law Governs Evolution in Biology, Physics, Technology, and Social Organizations''. Doubleday. {{ISBN|978-0-385-53461-1}}

* Bejan, Adrian; Zane, J. P. (2012). ''Design in Nature: How the Constructal Law Governs Evolution in Biology, Physics, Technology, and Social Organizations''. Doubleday. {{ISBN|978-0-385-53461-1}}

 

 

 

* {{Citation | surname = Corning | given = Peter A. | title = The Synergism Hypothesis: A Theory of Progressive Evolution | year = 1983 | publisher = McGraw-Hill | place = New York}}

* {{Citation | surname = Corning | given = Peter A. | title = The Synergism Hypothesis: A Theory of Progressive Evolution | year = 1983 | publisher = McGraw-Hill | place = New York}}

 

 

 

* {{Citation | surname = Koestler | given = Arthur | author-link = Arthur Koestler |editor1=A. Koestler |editor2=J. R. Smythies | title = Beyond Reductionism: New Perspectives in the Life Sciences | year = 1969 | publisher = Hutchinson | place = London}}

* {{Citation | surname = Koestler | given = Arthur | authorlink = Arthur Koestler |editor1=A. Koestler |editor2=J. R. Smythies | title = Beyond Reductionism: New Perspectives in the Life Sciences | year = 1969 | publisher = Hutchinson | place = London}}

* {{Citation | surname = Laughlin | given = Robert | author-link = Robert B. Laughlin | title = A Different Universe: Reinventing Physics from the Bottom Down | year = 2005 | publisher =  Basic Books | isbn = 978-0-465-03828-2| title-link = A Different Universe: Reinventing Physics from the Bottom Down }}

 

 

 

* {{Citation | surname = Laughlin | given = Robert | authorlink = Robert B. Laughlin | title = A Different Universe: Reinventing Physics from the Bottom Down | year = 2005 | publisher =  Basic Books | isbn = 978-0-465-03828-2| title-link = A Different Universe: Reinventing Physics from the Bottom Down }}

 

 

 

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