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'''路德维希·爱德华·玻尔兹曼''' '''Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann'''（1844年2月20日—1906年9月5日），奥地利物理学家、哲学家。他最伟大的功绩是发展了'''统计力学'''，并且从统计意义出发解释了'''热力学第二定律'''。1877年，他给出了目前'''熵'''的定义，即'''玻尔兹曼熵公式'''：<math>S = k_{\rm B} \ln \Omega \!</math>，将熵解释为系统统计无序性的度量。马克斯·普朗克命名{{math|''k''<sub>B</sub>}}为[[玻尔兹曼常数|'''玻尔兹曼常数 ''']]'''[[Boltzmann constant]]'''。
Statistical mechanics is one of the pillars of modern [[physics]]. It describes how macroscopic observations (such as [[temperature]] and [[pressure]]) are related to microscopic parameters that fluctuate around an average. It connects thermodynamic quantities (such as [[heat capacity]]) to microscopic behavior, whereas, in [[classical thermodynamics]], the only available option would be to measure and tabulate such quantities for various materials.<ref name="gibbs">{{cite book |last=Gibbs |first=Josiah Willard |author-link=Josiah Willard Gibbs |title=Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics |year=1902 |publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons]] |location=New York |title-link=Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics }}</ref>
Statistical mechanics is one of the pillars of modern [[physics]]. It describes how macroscopic observations (such as [[temperature]] and [[pressure]]) are related to microscopic parameters that fluctuate around an average. It connects thermodynamic quantities (such as [[heat capacity]]) to microscopic behavior, whereas, in [[classical thermodynamics]], the only available option would be to measure and tabulate such quantities for various materials.<ref name="gibbs">{{cite book |last=Gibbs |first=Josiah Willard |author-link=Josiah Willard Gibbs |title=Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics |year=1902 |publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons]] |location=New York |title-link=Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics }}</ref>