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Bénard cells, laser, cloud formations in stripes or rolls. Ripples in icicles. Washboard patterns on dirtroads. Dendrites in solidification, liquid crystals. Solitons.
Bénard cells, laser, cloud formations in stripes or rolls. Ripples in icicles. Washboard patterns on dirtroads. Dendrites in solidification, liquid crystals. Solitons.
如伯纳德涡流、激光、条状云或卷状云、冰柱上的涟漪、泥路上的洗衣板等图案以及凝固中的树枝状、液晶、孤子等。
'''Rayleigh-Bénard convection''' is a type of natural convection, occurring in a planar horizontal layer of fluid heated from below, in which the fluid develops a regular pattern of convection cells known as '''Bénard cells'''. Bénard–Rayleigh convection is one of the most commonly studied convection phenomena because of its analytical and experimental accessibility. The convection patterns are the most carefully examined example of self-organizing nonlinear systems.
'''Rayleigh-Bénard convection''' is a type of natural convection, occurring in a planar horizontal layer of fluid heated from below, in which the fluid develops a regular pattern of convection cells known as '''Bénard cells'''. Bénard–Rayleigh convection is one of the most commonly studied convection phenomena because of its analytical and experimental accessibility. The convection patterns are the most carefully examined example of self-organizing nonlinear systems.
Buoyancy, and hence gravity, are responsible for the appearance of convection cells. The initial movement is the upwelling of lesser density fluid from the heated bottom layer. This upwelling spontaneously organizes into a regular pattern of cells.
Buoyancy, and hence gravity, are responsible for the appearance of convection cells. The initial movement is the upwelling of lesser density fluid from the heated bottom layer. This upwelling spontaneously organizes into a regular pattern of cells.
浮力和重力的影响是对流细胞斑图出现的原因。最初的运动是密度较小的流体从受热的底层上涌。这种上升流自发地组织成一种规则的细胞斑图。
In mathematics and physics, a '''soliton''' or '''solitary wave''' is a self-reinforcing wave packet that maintains its shape while it propagates at a constant velocity. Solitons are caused by a cancellation of nonlinear and dispersive effects in the medium. (Dispersive effects are a property of certain systems where the speed of a wave depends on its frequency.) Solitons are the solutions of a widespread class of weakly nonlinear dispersive partial differential equations describing physical systems.
In mathematics and physics, a '''soliton''' or '''solitary wave''' is a self-reinforcing wave packet that maintains its shape while it propagates at a constant velocity. Solitons are caused by a cancellation of nonlinear and dispersive effects in the medium. (Dispersive effects are a property of certain systems where the speed of a wave depends on its frequency.) Solitons are the solutions of a widespread class of weakly nonlinear dispersive partial differential equations describing physical systems.
在数学和物理学中，孤子或孤立波是一种自我增强的波包，在以恒定速度传播时保持其形状。孤子是由于介质中非线性和色散效应的抵消而产生的。（色散效应是某些系统的一种特性，在这种系统中，波的速度取决于它的频率。）孤子是描述物理系统的一类广泛存在的弱非线性色散偏微分方程的解。
The soliton phenomenon was first described in 1834 by John Scott Russell (1808–1882) who observed a solitary wave in the Union Canal in Scotland. He reproduced the phenomenon in a wave tank and named it the "Wave of Translation".
The soliton phenomenon was first described in 1834 by John Scott Russell (1808–1882) who observed a solitary wave in the Union Canal in Scotland. He reproduced the phenomenon in a wave tank and named it the "Wave of Translation".
1834年，'''约翰·斯科特·罗素 John Scott Russell'''（1808-1882）在苏格兰联合运河观测到一个孤波，首次描述了孤波现象。之后他在一个波浪槽中再现了这一现象，并将其命名为“转化波”。
===Mathematics===
===Mathematics===