更改

删除1,064字节 、 2021年8月22日 (日) 22:39
第81行: 第81行:  
|-
 
|-
 
| 氩气
 
| 氩气
−
| {{sort|0150.8|{{convert|-122.4|C|K}}}}
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| −122.4 °C (150.8 K)
−
| {{sort|0048.1|{{convert|48.1|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
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| 48.1 atm (4,870 kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 氨(NH<sub>3</sub><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/ammonia-d_971.html|title=Ammonia - NH3 - Thermodynamic Properties|website=www.engineeringtoolbox.com|access-date=2017-04-07}}</ref>
 
| 氨(NH<sub>3</sub><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/ammonia-d_971.html|title=Ammonia - NH3 - Thermodynamic Properties|website=www.engineeringtoolbox.com|access-date=2017-04-07}}</ref>
−
| {{sort|0405.6|{{convert|132.4|C|K}}}}
+
| 132.4 °C (405.5 K)
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| {{sort|0111.3|{{convert|111.3|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
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| 111.3 atm (11,280 kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
    
| R-134a
 
| R-134a
−
| {{sort|0374|{{convert|101.06|C|K}}}}
+
| 101.06 °C (374.21 K)
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| {{sort|0040|{{convert|40.06|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
+
| 40.06 atm (4,059 kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
    
| R-410A
 
| R-410A
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| {{sort|0346|{{convert|72.8|C|K}}}}
+
| 72.8 °C (345.9 K)
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| {{sort|0047|{{convert|47.08|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
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| 47.08 atm (4,770 kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
    
| 溴
 
| 溴
−
| {{sort|0584.0|{{convert|310.8|C|K}}}}
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| 310.8 °C (584.0 K)
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| {{sort|0102|{{convert|102|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
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| 102 atm (10,300 kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 铯
 
| 铯
−
| {{sort|1938.00|{{convert|1664.85|C|K}}}}
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| 1,664.85 °C (1,938.00 K)
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| {{sort|0094|{{convert|94|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
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| 94 atm (9,500 kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 氯气
 
| 氯气
−
| {{sort|0417.0|{{convert|143.8|C|K}}}}
+
| 143.8 °C (416.9 K)
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| {{sort|0076.0|{{convert|76.0|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
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| 76.0 atm (7,700 kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 乙醇 (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH)
 
| 乙醇 (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH)
−
| {{sort|0514.0|{{convert|241|C|K}}}}
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| 241 °C (514 K)
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| {{sort|0062.2|{{convert|62.18|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
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| 62.18 atm (6,300 kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 氟
 
| 氟
−
| {{sort|0144.30|{{convert|-128.85|C|K}}}}
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| −128.85 °C (144.30 K)
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| {{sort|0051.5|{{convert|51.5|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
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| 51.5 atm (5,220 kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 氦气
 
| 氦气
−
| {{sort|0005.19|{{convert|-267.96|C|K}}}}
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| −267.96 °C (5.19 K)
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| {{sort|0002.24|{{convert|2.24|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
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| 2.24 atm (227 kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 氢气
 
| 氢气
−
| {{sort|0033.20|{{convert|-239.95|C|K}}}}
+
| −239.95 °C (33.20 K)
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| {{sort|0012.8|{{convert|12.8|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
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| 12.8 atm (1,300 kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
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| 氪星
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| 氪
−
| {{sort|0209.4|{{convert|-63.8|C|K}}}}
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| −63.8 °C (209.3 K) 54.3 atm (5,500 kPa)
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| {{sort|0054.3|{{convert|54.3|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
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| 54.3 atm (5,500 kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 甲烷(CH<sub>4</sub>)
 
| 甲烷(CH<sub>4</sub>)
−
| {{sort|0190.8|{{convert|-82.3|C|K}}}}
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| −82.3 °C (190.8 K)
−
| {{sort|0045.79|{{convert|45.79|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
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| 45.79 atm (4,640 kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 氖
 
| 氖
−
| {{sort|0044.40|{{convert|-228.75|C|K}}}}
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| −228.75 °C (44.40 K) 27.2 atm (2,760 kPa)
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| {{sort|0027.2|{{convert|27.2|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
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| 27.2 atm (2,760 kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 氮气
 
| 氮气
−
| {{sort|0126.3|{{convert|-146.9|C|K}}}}
+
| −146.9 °C (126.2 K)
−
| {{sort|0033.5|{{convert|33.5|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
+
| 33.5 atm (3,390 kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 氧气(O<sub>2</sub>)
 
| 氧气(O<sub>2</sub>)
−
| {{sort|0154.6|{{convert|-118.6|C|K}}}}
+
| −118.6 °C (154.6 K)
−
| {{sort|0049.8|{{convert|49.8|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
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| 49.8 atm (5,050 kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 二氧化碳 (CO<sub>2</sub>)
 
| 二氧化碳 (CO<sub>2</sub>)
−
| {{sort|0304.19|{{convert|31.04|C|K}}}}
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| 31.04 °C (304.19 K)
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| {{sort|0072.8|{{convert|72.8|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
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| 72.8 atm (7,380 kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 氧化亚氮(N<sub>2</sub>O)
 
| 氧化亚氮(N<sub>2</sub>O)
−
| {{sort|0304.19|{{convert|36.4|C|K}}}}
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| 36.4 °C (309.5 K)
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| {{sort|0072.8|{{convert|71.5|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
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| 71.5 atm (7,240 kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 硫酸(H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>)
 
| 硫酸(H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>)
−
| {{sort|0927|{{convert|654|C|K}}}}
+
| 654 °C (927 K)
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| {{sort|0045.4|{{convert|45.4|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
+
| 45.4 atm (4,600 kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 氙气
 
| 氙气
−
| {{sort|0289.8|{{convert|16.6|C|K}}}}
+
| 16.6 °C (289.8 K)
−
| {{sort|0057.6|{{convert|57.6|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
+
| 57.6 atm (5,840 kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 锂
 
| 锂
−
| {{sort|3223|{{convert|2950|C|K}}}}
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| 2,950 °C (3,220 K)
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| {{sort|0652|{{convert|652|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
+
| 652 atm (66,100 kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 汞
 
| 汞
−
| {{sort|1750.1|{{convert|1476.9|C|K}}}}
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| 1,476.9 °C (1,750.1 K)
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| {{sort|1720|{{convert|1720|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
+
| 1,720 atm (174,000 kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 硫
 
| 硫
−
| {{sort|1314.00|{{convert|1040.85|C|K}}}}
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| 1,040.85 °C (1,314.00 K)
−
| {{sort|0207|{{convert|207|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
+
| 207 atm (21,000 kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 铁
 
| 铁
−
| {{sort|8500|{{convert|8227|C|K}}}}
+
| 8,227 °C (8,500 K)
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 金
 
| 金
−
| {{sort|7250|{{convert|6977|C|K}}}}
+
| 6,977 °C (7,250 K)
−
| {{sort|5000|{{convert|5000|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
+
| 5,000 atm (510,000 kPa)
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 铝
 
| 铝
−
| {{sort|7850|{{convert|7577|C|K}}}}
+
| 7,577 °C (7,850 K)
 
|
 
|
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 水 (H<sub>2</sub>O)<ref name=IAPWS95/><ref>{{cite web | title = Critical Temperature and Pressure | publisher = Purdue University | url = http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/critical.html | access-date = 2006-12-19 }}</ref>
 
| 水 (H<sub>2</sub>O)<ref name=IAPWS95/><ref>{{cite web | title = Critical Temperature and Pressure | publisher = Purdue University | url = http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/critical.html | access-date = 2006-12-19 }}</ref>
−
| {{sort|0647.096|{{convert|373.946|C|K}}}}
+
| 373.946 °C (647.096 K)
−
| {{sort|0217.7|{{convert|217.7|atm|kPa|abbr=on}}}}
+
| 217.7 atm (22,060 kPa)
 
|-  
 
|-  
 
|}
 
|}
第196行: 第196行:     
从理论上讲,液-液临界点代表旋节曲线的温度-浓度极值(如右图所示)。因此,双组分体系的液-液临界点必须满足两个条件:旋节曲线的条件(自由能对浓度的二阶导数必须等于零),以及极值条件(自由能对浓度的三阶导数也必须等于零,或者旋节温度对浓度的导数必须等于零)
 
从理论上讲,液-液临界点代表旋节曲线的温度-浓度极值(如右图所示)。因此,双组分体系的液-液临界点必须满足两个条件:旋节曲线的条件(自由能对浓度的二阶导数必须等于零),以及极值条件(自由能对浓度的三阶导数也必须等于零,或者旋节温度对浓度的导数必须等于零)
−
      
==混合物:液体-液体临界点 ==
 
==混合物:液体-液体临界点 ==
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