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In one of the real-world applications of the model that would have implications for policymakers, Imbens partnered with statistician Donald Rubin and economist Bruce Sacerdote to study the impact of unearned earnings on labor supply. The group studied the implications of policy interventions such as Universal Basic Income or other federal and state wage assistance programs on citizens' willingness to participate in the labor force and the eventual impact on labor supply.

In one of the real-world applications of the model that would have implications for policymakers, Imbens partnered with statistician Donald Rubin and economist Bruce Sacerdote to study the impact of unearned earnings on labor supply. The group studied the implications of policy interventions such as Universal Basic Income or other federal and state wage assistance programs on citizens' willingness to participate in the labor force and the eventual impact on labor supply.

Imbens 与统计学家唐纳德•鲁宾(Donald Rubin)和经济学家布鲁斯•萨塞尔多特(Bruce Sacerdote)合作，研究了非劳动收入对劳动力供应的影响，这是该模型在现实世界中的应用之一，可能会对政策制定者产生影响。该小组研究了政策干预的影响，如全民基本收入或其他联邦和州工资援助计划对公民参与劳动力的意愿和最终对劳动力供应的影响。

 

 

这一模型在现实世界中的应用将对政策制定者产生影响，Imbens 与统计学家唐纳德•鲁宾(Donald Rubin)和经济学家布鲁斯•萨塞尔多特(Bruce Sacerdote)合作，研究了非劳动收入对劳动力供应的影响，即全民基本收入政策或其他联邦和州工资援助计划对公民参与劳动力的意愿和最终对劳动力供应的影响。

To devise a natural experiment, the group studied the winners of the [[Massachusetts Lottery|Massachusetts state lottery]] where the winners were paid incrementally over many years as opposed to a lump-sum payment. In doing so, the group was able to study the causal effects of guaranteed income. They found that winning the lottery had only a small impact on how much people worked. Winners of $80,000 a year for 20 years reduced their working hours somewhat, but winners of $15,000 a year for 20 years did not. Among unemployed persons who played the lottery, winners worked more than non-winners in the six years after playing.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Imbens|first=Guido W.|last2=Rubin|first2=Donald B.|last3=Sacerdote|first3=Bruce I.|date=1 September 2001|title=Estimating the Effect of Unearned Income on Labor Earnings, Savings, and Consumption: Evidence from a Survey of Lottery Players|url=https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.91.4.778|journal=American Economic Review|language=en|volume=91|issue=4|pages=778–794|doi=10.1257/aer.91.4.778|issn=0002-8282|access-date=14 October 2021|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504115141/https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257%2Faer.91.4.778|url-status=live}}</ref>

To devise a natural experiment, the group studied the winners of the [[Massachusetts Lottery|Massachusetts state lottery]] where the winners were paid incrementally over many years as opposed to a lump-sum payment. In doing so, the group was able to study the causal effects of guaranteed income. They found that winning the lottery had only a small impact on how much people worked. Winners of $80,000 a year for 20 years reduced their working hours somewhat, but winners of $15,000 a year for 20 years did not. Among unemployed persons who played the lottery, winners worked more than non-winners in the six years after playing.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Imbens|first=Guido W.|last2=Rubin|first2=Donald B.|last3=Sacerdote|first3=Bruce I.|date=1 September 2001|title=Estimating the Effect of Unearned Income on Labor Earnings, Savings, and Consumption: Evidence from a Survey of Lottery Players|url=https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.91.4.778|journal=American Economic Review|language=en|volume=91|issue=4|pages=778–794|doi=10.1257/aer.91.4.778|issn=0002-8282|access-date=14 October 2021|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504115141/https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257%2Faer.91.4.778|url-status=live}}</ref>

为了设计一个自然的实验，研究小组研究了马萨诸塞州的彩票中奖者，这些中奖者多年来获得递增的奖金，而不是一次性的奖金。在这样做的过程中，研究小组能够研究保证收入的因果效应。他们发现中奖对人们工作量的影响很小。连续20年每年获得8万美元奖金的获奖者多少减少了工作时间，但连续20年每年获得1.5万美元奖金的获奖者却没有减少工作时间。在玩彩票的失业人员中，中奖者在玩彩票后的六年中工作的人数超过非中奖者。

为了设计一个自然的实验，研究小组研究了马萨诸塞州的彩票中奖者，这些中奖者多年来获得递增的奖金，而不是一次性的奖金。在这样做的过程中，研究小组能够研究保证收入的因果效应。他们发现中奖对人们工作量的影响很小。连续20年每年获得8万美元奖金的获奖者多少减少了工作时间，但连续20年每年获得1.5万美元奖金的获奖者却没有减少工作时间。在玩彩票的失业人员中，中奖者在玩彩票后的六年中工作的人数超过非中奖者。

Some of Imbens' work was summarized in a book co-written with American statistician [[Donald Rubin|Donald B. Rubin]], ''Causal Inference for Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences.<ref name=":1" />''

Some of Imbens' work was summarized in a book co-written with American statistician [[Donald Rubin|Donald B. Rubin]], ''Causal Inference for Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences.<ref name=":1" />''

最近，他(与 Susan Athey 教授)一直在研究使用机器学习方法，特别是对称为因果森林的随机森林进行修改，以估计因果推理模型中的异质处理效应。

最近，他(与 Susan Athey 教授)一直在研究使用机器学习方法，特别是对称为因果森林的随机森林进行修改，以估计因果推理模型中的异质处理效应。

===Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics===

===Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics===

2021年诺贝尔经济学奖由于其在因果关系分析方法论上的贡献，获得了2021年诺贝尔经济学奖。瑞典皇家科学院在宣布获奖者的新闻稿中表示:”他所在年度的获奖者——戴维 · 卡德、约书亚 · 安格里斯特和吉多 · 英本斯为我们提供了关于劳动力市场的新见解，并表明了从自然实验中可以得出什么样的因果关系结论。他们的方法已经传播到其他领域，并彻底改变了实证研究。”

2021年诺贝尔经济学奖由于其在因果关系分析方法论上的贡献，获得了2021年诺贝尔经济学奖。瑞典皇家科学院在宣布获奖者的新闻稿中表示:”他所在年度的获奖者——戴维 · 卡德、约书亚 · 安格里斯特和吉多 · 英本斯为我们提供了关于劳动力市场的新见解，并表明了从自然实验中可以得出什么样的因果关系结论。他们的方法已经传播到其他领域，并彻底改变了实证研究。”

== Personal life ==

== Personal life ==

自2002年起，伊本斯与经济学家苏珊 · 阿西结婚。他是一位同样在斯坦福大学商学院教书的经济学家。在 Imbens 和阿西的婚礼上，伴郎是约书亚•安格里斯特(Joshua Angrist) ，19年后，英本斯与他分享了诺贝尔奖。

自2002年起，伊本斯与经济学家苏珊 · 阿西结婚。他是一位同样在斯坦福大学商学院教书的经济学家。在 Imbens 和阿西的婚礼上，伴郎是约书亚•安格里斯特(Joshua Angrist) ，19年后，英本斯与他分享了诺贝尔奖。

He holds [[Multiple citizenship|dual citizenship]] in the United States and Netherlands.<ref name="Imbens_Curriculum_Vitae" />

He holds [[Multiple citizenship|dual citizenship]] in the United States and Netherlands.<ref name="Imbens_Curriculum_Vitae" />

他拥有美国公民和荷兰的双重身份。

他拥有美国公民和荷兰的双重身份。

==Bibliography==

==Bibliography==