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=参考文献=
 
=参考文献=
Hoel, E. P., Albantakis, L., & Tononi, G. (2013). Quantifying causal emergence shows that macro can beat micro. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'', ''110''(49), 19790–19795. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1314922110</nowiki>
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Tononi, G., & Sporns, O. (2003). Measuring information integration. ''BMC Neuroscience''.
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Yuan, B., Zhang, J., Lyu, A., Wu, J., Wang, Z., Yang, M., Liu, K., Mou, M., & Cui, P. (2024). Emergence and Causality in Complex Systems: A Survey of Causal Emergence and Related Quantitative Studies. ''Entropy'', ''26''(2), 108. <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.3390/e26020108</nowiki>
 
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