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==History==

==History==

The study of network motifs was pioneered by Holland and Leinhardt<ref>Holland, P. W., & Leinhardt, S. (1974). The statistical analysis of local structure in social networks. Working Paper No. 44, National Bureau of Economic Research.</ref><ref>Hollandi, P., & Leinhardt, S. (1975). The Statistical Analysis of Local. Structure in Social Networks. Sociological Methodology, David Heise, ed. San Francisco: Josey-Bass.</ref><ref> Holland, P. W., & Leinhardt, S. (1976). Local structure in social networks. Sociological methodology, 7, 1-45.</ref><ref>Holland, P. W., & Leinhardt, S. (1977). A method for detecting structure in sociometric data. In Social Networks (pp. 411-432). Academic Press.</ref> who introduced the concept of a triad census of networks. They introduced methods to enumerate various types of subgraph configurations, and test whether the subgraph counts are statistically different from those expected in random networks.  

The study of network motifs was pioneered by Holland and Leinhardt<ref>Holland, P. W., & Leinhardt, S. (1974). The statistical analysis of local structure in social networks. Working Paper No. 44, National Bureau of Economic Research.</ref><ref>Hollandi, P., & Leinhardt, S. (1975). The Statistical Analysis of Local. Structure in Social Networks. Sociological Methodology, David Heise, ed. San Francisco: Josey-Bass.</ref><ref> Holland, P. W., & Leinhardt, S. (1976). Local structure in social networks. Sociological methodology, 7, 1-45.</ref><ref>Holland, P. W., & Leinhardt, S. (1977). A method for detecting structure in sociometric data. In Social Networks (pp. 411-432). Academic Press.</ref> who introduced the concept of a triad census of networks. They introduced methods to enumerate various types of subgraph configurations, and test whether the subgraph counts are statistically different from those expected in random networks.  

霍兰（Holland）和莱因哈特（Leinhardt）率先提出了'''网络三合会普查'''（a triad census of networks）的概念，开创了网络模体研究的先河。<ref>Holland, P. W., & Leinhardt, S. (1974). The statistical analysis of local structure in social networks. Working Paper No. 44, National Bureau of Economic Research.</ref><ref>Hollandi, P., & Leinhardt, S. (1975). The Statistical Analysis of Local. Structure in Social Networks. Sociological Methodology, David Heise, ed. San Francisco: Josey-Bass.</ref><ref> Holland, P. W., & Leinhardt, S. (1976). Local structure in social networks. Sociological methodology, 7, 1-45.</ref><ref>Holland, P. W., & Leinhardt, S. (1977). A method for detecting structure in sociometric data. In Social Networks (pp. 411-432). Academic Press.</ref>他们介绍了枚举各种子图配置的方法，并测试子图计数是否与随机网络中的期望值存在统计学上的差异。

霍兰（Holland）和莱因哈特（Leinhardt）率先提出了'''网络三合会普查'''（a triad census of networks）的概念，开创了网络模体研究的先河。<ref>Holland, P. W., & Leinhardt, S. (1974). The statistical analysis of local structure in social networks. Working Paper No. 44, National Bureau of Economic Research.</ref><ref>Hollandi, P., & Leinhardt, S. (1975). The Statistical Analysis of Local. Structure in Social Networks. Sociological Methodology, David Heise, ed. San Francisco: Josey-Bass.</ref><ref> Holland, P. W., & Leinhardt, S. (1976). Local structure in social networks. Sociological methodology, 7, 1-45.</ref><ref>Holland, P. W., & Leinhardt, S. (1977). A method for detecting structure in sociometric data. In Social Networks (pp. 411-432). Academic Press.</ref> 他们介绍了枚举各种子图配置的方法，并测试子图计数是否与随机网络中的期望值存在统计学上的差异。

  这里对于'''网络三合会普查'''（a triad census of networks）这一概念的翻译存疑

  这里对于'''网络三合会普查'''（a triad census of networks）这一概念的翻译存疑