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===生物===
 
===生物===
[[File:1024px-Sort_sol_ved_Ørnsø_2007.jpg|300px|thumb|鸟类蜂群,生物学中的自我组织的一个例子|right]]
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[[File:birds.jpg|300px|thumb|鸟类蜂群,生物学中的自我组织的一个例子|right]]
 
在生物学中<ref>Camazine, Deneubourg, Franks, Sneyd, Theraulaz, Bonabeau, ''Self-Organization in Biological Systems'', [[Princeton University|Princeton University Press]], 2003. {{ISBN|0-691-11624-5}}</ref>,从蛋白质和其它生物大分子的'''自发折叠 Spontaneous folding''','''磷脂双分子层 Lipid bilayer '''的形成,发育生物学的'''图案形成 Pattern formation'''和'''形态发生 Morphogenesis''',人体运动的协调,群居昆虫 如蜜蜂,蚂蚁,白蚁<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bonabeau|first1=Eric |display-authors=etal |title=Self-organization in social insects|journal=Trends in Ecology & Evolution|date=May 1997|volume=12|issue=5|pages=188–93|doi=10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01048-3|pmid=21238030 |url=https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/19269/1/020BonabeauTrendsEcologyEvolution97.pdf }}</ref> 和哺乳动物的社会行为,到鸟类和鱼类的'''群集行为 Flocking behaviour''',都可以观察到自组织现象。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Couzin |first1=Iain D. |last2=Krause |first2=Jens |title=Self-Organization and Collective Behavior in Vertebrates |journal=Advances in the Study of Behavior |date=2003 |volume=32 |pages=1–75 |url=http://icouzin.princeton.edu/wp-content/uploads/file/PDFs/Couzin%20and%20Krause,%202003.pdf |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220075600/http://icouzin.princeton.edu/wp-content/uploads/file/PDFs/Couzin%20and%20Krause,%202003.pdf |archivedate=2016-12-20|doi=10.1016/S0065-3454(03)01001-5 |isbn=9780120045327 }}</ref>
 
在生物学中<ref>Camazine, Deneubourg, Franks, Sneyd, Theraulaz, Bonabeau, ''Self-Organization in Biological Systems'', [[Princeton University|Princeton University Press]], 2003. {{ISBN|0-691-11624-5}}</ref>,从蛋白质和其它生物大分子的'''自发折叠 Spontaneous folding''','''磷脂双分子层 Lipid bilayer '''的形成,发育生物学的'''图案形成 Pattern formation'''和'''形态发生 Morphogenesis''',人体运动的协调,群居昆虫 如蜜蜂,蚂蚁,白蚁<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bonabeau|first1=Eric |display-authors=etal |title=Self-organization in social insects|journal=Trends in Ecology & Evolution|date=May 1997|volume=12|issue=5|pages=188–93|doi=10.1016/S0169-5347(97)01048-3|pmid=21238030 |url=https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/19269/1/020BonabeauTrendsEcologyEvolution97.pdf }}</ref> 和哺乳动物的社会行为,到鸟类和鱼类的'''群集行为 Flocking behaviour''',都可以观察到自组织现象。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Couzin |first1=Iain D. |last2=Krause |first2=Jens |title=Self-Organization and Collective Behavior in Vertebrates |journal=Advances in the Study of Behavior |date=2003 |volume=32 |pages=1–75 |url=http://icouzin.princeton.edu/wp-content/uploads/file/PDFs/Couzin%20and%20Krause,%202003.pdf |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220075600/http://icouzin.princeton.edu/wp-content/uploads/file/PDFs/Couzin%20and%20Krause,%202003.pdf |archivedate=2016-12-20|doi=10.1016/S0065-3454(03)01001-5 |isbn=9780120045327 }}</ref>
  
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