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自组织是在'''非均衡 Non-equilibrium '''过程的物理学和化学反应中被发现的，<ref name="G&P 1971">Glansdorff, P., Prigogine, I. (1971). ''Thermodynamic Theory of Structure, Stability and Fluctuations'', Wiley-Interscience, London. {{ISBN|0-471-30280-5}}</ref>通常将其描述为'''自组装 Self-assembly '''。在生物学中，从分子到生态系统，这一概念已被证明是有效的。<ref name=":0">Compare: {{cite book| last1=Camazine| first1=Scott| title=Self-organization in Biological Systems| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zMgyNN6Ufj0C| series=Princeton studies in complexity| edition=reprint| publisher=Princeton University Press| publication-date=2003| isbn=9780691116242| access-date=2016-04-05| year=2003}}</ref>在自然科学和社会科学 例如经济学或人类学 的许多其他学科的文献中也出现了自组织行为的引证。在诸如'''[[元胞自动机]] Cellular automata '''这样的数学系统中也观察到了自组织。<ref name=":1">{{cite book| last1=Ilachinski| first1=Andrew| title=Cellular Automata: A Discrete Universe| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Hx2lx_pEF8C| publisher=World Scientific| publication-date=2001| page=247| isbn=9789812381835| quote=We have already seen ample evidence for what is arguably the single most impressive general property of CA, namely their capacity for self-organization| year=2001}}</ref>自组织是与'''[[涌现 Emergence]] '''概念相关的一个例子。<ref>{{cite book |author=Feltz, Bernard |display-authors=etal |date=2006 |title=Self-organization and Emergence in Life Sciences |isbn=978-1-402-03916-4 |page=1}}</ref>

自组织是在'''非均衡 Non-equilibrium '''过程的物理学和化学反应中被发现的，<ref name="G&P 1971">Glansdorff, P., Prigogine, I. (1971). ''Thermodynamic Theory of Structure, Stability and Fluctuations'', Wiley-Interscience, London.</ref>通常将其描述为'''自组装 Self-assembly '''。在生物学中，从分子到生态系统，这一概念已被证明是有效的。<ref name=":0">Compare: {{cite book| last1=Camazine| first1=Scott| title=Self-organization in Biological Systems| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zMgyNN6Ufj0C| series=Princeton studies in complexity| edition=reprint| publisher=Princeton University Press| publication-date=2003| isbn=9780691116242| access-date=2016-04-05| year=2003}}</ref>在自然科学和社会科学 例如经济学或人类学 的许多其他学科的文献中也出现了自组织行为的引证。在诸如'''[[元胞自动机]] Cellular automata '''这样的数学系统中也观察到了自组织。<ref name=":1">{{cite book| last1=Ilachinski| first1=Andrew| title=Cellular Automata: A Discrete Universe| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Hx2lx_pEF8C| publisher=World Scientific| publication-date=2001| page=247| isbn=9789812381835| quote=We have already seen ample evidence for what is arguably the single most impressive general property of CA, namely their capacity for self-organization| year=2001}}</ref>自组织是与'''[[涌现 Emergence]] '''概念相关的一个例子。<ref>{{cite book |author=Feltz, Bernard |display-authors=etal |date=2006 |title=Self-organization and Emergence in Life Sciences |isbn=978-1-402-03916-4 |page=1}}</ref>