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==序参量概念==

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Essential in synergetics is the order-parameter concept which was originally introduced in the [[Ginzburg–Landau theory]] in order to describe [[phase transition|phase-transitions]] in thermodynamics. The order parameter concept is generalized by Haken to the "enslaving-principle" saying that the dynamics of fast-relaxing (stable) modes is completely determined by the 'slow' dynamics of as a rule only a few 'order-parameters' (unstable modes). The order parameters can be interpreted as the amplitudes of the unstable modes determining the macroscopic pattern.

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序参量的概念是协同学的核心。这个概念最初是在[[Ginzburg-Landau理论]]中为了描述热力学中[[相变]]而引入的。哈肯将序参量概念概括为“奴役原理”，即快速释放(稳定)模态的动力学完全被由少数“序参量”（不稳定模态）构成的“慢”动力学所决定。可以把序参量理解为决定宏观斑图的不稳定模态振幅。

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As a consequence, self-organization means an enormous reduction of [[Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)|degrees of freedom]] (entropy) of the system which macroscopically reveals an increase of 'order' (pattern-formation). This far-reaching macroscopic order is independent of the details of the microscopic interactions of the subsystems. This supposedly explains the [[self-organization]] of patterns in so many different systems in physics, chemistry and biology.

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