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→General properties
=== General properties ===
=== 一般性质 General properties ===
What distinguishes a CAS from a pure [[multi-agent system]] (MAS) is the focus on top-level properties and features like [[self-similarity]], [[complexity]], [[emergence]] and [[self-organization]]. A MAS is defined as a system composed of multiple interacting agents; whereas in CAS, the agents as well as the system are adaptive and the system is [[self-similar]]. A CAS is a complex, self-similar collectivity of interacting, adaptive agents. Complex Adaptive Systems are characterized by a high degree of [[adaptive capacity]], giving them resilience in the face of [[wikt:perturbation|perturbation]].
What distinguishes a CAS from a pure [[multi-agent system]] (MAS) is the focus on top-level properties and features like [[self-similarity]], [[complexity]], [[emergence]] and [[self-organization]]. A MAS is defined as a system composed of multiple interacting agents; whereas in CAS, the agents as well as the system are adaptive and the system is [[self-similar]]. A CAS is a complex, self-similar collectivity of interacting, adaptive agents. Complex Adaptive Systems are characterized by a high degree of [[adaptive capacity]], giving them resilience in the face of [[wikt:perturbation|perturbation]].
其他重要的属性分别是适应（或者说是'''内稳态（Homeostasis）'''）、沟通、合作、专业化、时空组织和繁殖。这些特点可以在各个层面上被发现: 细胞分化、适应和繁殖，就像大型生物一样；沟通和合作也发生在各个层面，从代理到系统层面。在某些情况下，可以用'''博弈论（Game theory）'''分析这种系统中主体之间合作的驱动力。
其他重要的属性分别是适应（或者说是'''内稳态（Homeostasis）'''）、沟通、合作、专业化、时空组织和繁殖。这些特点可以在各个层面上被发现: 细胞分化、适应和繁殖，就像大型生物一样；沟通和合作也发生在各个层面，从代理到系统层面。在某些情况下，可以用'''博弈论（Game theory）'''分析这种系统中主体之间合作的驱动力。
=== 特点 Characteristics ===
=== 特点 Characteristics ===