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第207行：
第207行： − 生态系统生态学是生态系统的生物和非生物组成部分及其在生态系统框架内的相互作用的综合研究。这门科学研究生态系统是如何工作的，并将其与化学物质、基岩、土壤、植物和动物等组成部分联系起来。生态系统生态学研究物理和生物结构，并检查这些生态系统特征是如何相互作用的。+ 第217行：
第217行： − 系统生态学和生态系统生态学之间的关系是复杂的。许多系统生态学可以被认为是生态系统生态学的一个子集。生态系统生态学也使用了一些与系统生态学的整体方法无关的方法。然而，系统生态学更积极地考虑外部影响，比如经济学，它通常超出了生态系统生态学的范围。然而生态系统生态学可以被定义为生态系统的科学研究，系统生态学更多的是一种特殊的方法来研究生态系统和与这些系统相互作用的现象。+ 第237行：
第237行： − 工业生态学是研究工业过程作为线性(开放式循环)系统，其中资源和资本投资流动通过该系统变成废物，到一个封闭式循环系统，废物成为新过程的投入。+ 第261行：
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无编辑摘要
Ecosystem ecology is the integrated study of biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems and their interactions within an ecosystem framework. This science examines how ecosystems work and relates this to their components such as chemicals, bedrock, soil, plants, and animals. Ecosystem ecology examines physical and biological structure and examines how these ecosystem characteristics interact.
Ecosystem ecology is the integrated study of biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems and their interactions within an ecosystem framework. This science examines how ecosystems work and relates this to their components such as chemicals, bedrock, soil, plants, and animals. Ecosystem ecology examines physical and biological structure and examines how these ecosystem characteristics interact.
生态系统生态学是生态系统的'''<font color="#ff8000">生物 Biotic</font>'''和'''<font color="#ff8000">非生物 abiotic</font>'''组成部分及其在生态系统框架内的相互作用的综合研究。它主要研究生态系统是如何工作的，并将其与'''<font color="#ff8000">化学物质 Chemical</font>'''、'''<font color="#ff8000">基岩 Bedrock</font>'''、'''<font color="#ff8000">土壤 Soil</font>'''、'''<font color="#ff8000">植物 Plant</font>'''和'''<font color="#ff8000">动物 Animal</font>'''等组成部分联系起来。生态系统生态学研究物理和生物结构以及这些生态系统特征是如何相互作用的。
The relationship between systems ecology and ecosystem ecology is complex. Much of systems ecology can be considered a subset of ecosystem ecology. Ecosystem ecology also utilizes methods that have little to do with the holistic approach of systems ecology. However, systems ecology more actively considers external influences such as economics that usually fall outside the bounds of ecosystem ecology. Whereas ecosystem ecology can be defined as the scientific study of ecosystems, systems ecology is more of a particular approach to the study of ecological systems and phenomena that interact with these systems.
The relationship between systems ecology and ecosystem ecology is complex. Much of systems ecology can be considered a subset of ecosystem ecology. Ecosystem ecology also utilizes methods that have little to do with the holistic approach of systems ecology. However, systems ecology more actively considers external influences such as economics that usually fall outside the bounds of ecosystem ecology. Whereas ecosystem ecology can be defined as the scientific study of ecosystems, systems ecology is more of a particular approach to the study of ecological systems and phenomena that interact with these systems.
系统生态学和生态系统生态学之间的关系是复杂的。许多系统生态学可以被认为是生态系统生态学的一个子集。生态系统生态学也使用了一些与系统生态学的整体方法无关的方法。然而，系统生态学更积极地考虑外部影响，比如经济学，它通常超出了生态系统生态学的范围。然而生态系统生态学可以被定义为生态系统的科学研究，系统生态学更多采用一种特殊的方法来研究生态系统和与这些系统相互作用的现象。
Industrial ecology is the study of industrial processes as linear (open loop) systems, in which resource and capital investments move through the system to become waste, to a closed loop system where wastes become inputs for new processes.
Industrial ecology is the study of industrial processes as linear (open loop) systems, in which resource and capital investments move through the system to become waste, to a closed loop system where wastes become inputs for new processes.
工业生态学是研究'''<font color="#ff8000">工业过程 Industrial process</font>'''作为线性(开放式循环)系统，其中资源和资本投资的流动通过该系统变成废料，进入一个封闭式循环系统，废料便成为新一次过程的投入。
* [[Agroecology]]
* [[Agroecology]] 农业生态学
* [[Earth system science]]
* [[Earth system science]] 地球系统科学
* [[Ecosystem ecology]]
* [[Ecosystem ecology]] 生态系统生态学
* [[Ecological literacy]]
* [[Ecological literacy]] 生态素养
* [[Emergy]]
* [[Emergy]] 能值
* [[Energetics]]
* [[Energetics]] 能量学
* [[Energy Systems Language]]
* [[Energy Systems Language]] 能源系统语言
* [[Holism in science]]
* [[Holism in science]] 科学中的整体论
* [[Holon (philosophy)]]
* [[Holon (philosophy)]] 整体单元（哲学）
* [[Holistic management]]
* [[Holistic management]] 整体管理
* [[Landscape ecology]]
* [[Landscape ecology]] 景观生态学
* [[Antireductionism]]
* [[Antireductionism]] 反还原论
* [[Biosemiotics]]
* [[Biosemiotics]] 生物符号学
* [[Ecosemiotics]]
* [[Ecosemiotics]] 生态符号学
* [[MuSIASEM]]
* [[MuSIASEM]] 社会生态系统代谢多尺度综合评估