更改

超现实主义画家勒内 · 马格利特以<font color="#ff8000"> 自指</font>著称。他的画作《形象的叛逆》有“这不是烟斗”的字样，其真实性完全取决于单词 ceci (英语中的“ this”)是指所描绘的烟斗，还是指画作或单词或句子本身。M.c.埃舍尔的艺术也包含了许多<font color="#ff8000"> 自指</font>的概念，比如手绘本身。

超现实主义画家勒内 · 马格利特以<font color="#ff8000"> 自指</font>著称。他的画作《形象的叛逆》有“这不是烟斗”的字样，其真实性完全取决于单词 ceci (英语中的“ this”)是指所描绘的烟斗，还是指画作或单词或句子本身。M.c.埃舍尔的艺术也包含了许多<font color="#ff8000"> 自指</font>的概念，比如手绘本身。

== In language ==

== In language 语言学==

A word that describes itself is called an ''[[autological word]]'' (or ''[[autological word|autonym]]''). This generally applies to adjectives, for example [[wikt:sesquipedalian|sesquipedalian]] (i.e. "sesquipedalian" is a sesquipedalian word), but can also apply to other parts of speech, such as [[wikt:TLA|TLA]], as a three-letter [[abbreviation]] for "[[three-letter abbreviation]]".

A word that describes itself is called an ''[[autological word]]'' (or ''[[autological word|autonym]]''). This generally applies to adjectives, for example [[wikt:sesquipedalian|sesquipedalian]] (i.e. "sesquipedalian" is a sesquipedalian word), but can also apply to other parts of speech, such as [[wikt:TLA|TLA]], as a three-letter [[abbreviation]] for "[[three-letter abbreviation]]".

A word that describes itself is called an autological word (or autonym). This generally applies to adjectives, for example sesquipedalian (i.e. "sesquipedalian" is a sesquipedalian word), but can also apply to other parts of speech, such as TLA, as a three-letter abbreviation for "three-letter abbreviation".

A word that describes itself is called an autological word (or autonym). This generally applies to adjectives, for example sesquipedalian (i.e. "sesquipedalian" is a sesquipedalian word), but can also apply to other parts of speech, such as TLA, as a three-letter abbreviation for "three-letter abbreviation".

一个描述自己的词叫做自动词(或自动词)。这通常适用于形容词，例如 sesquipedalian (即。“ sesquipedalian”是一个倍半音的单词) ，但也可以用于其他词类，如 TLA，作为“三个字母缩写”的三个字母的缩写。

一个描述自己的词叫做自动词(或自动词)。这通常适用于形容词，例如 多音节的sesquipedalian (即“ sesquipedalian”是一个多音节的的单词) ，但也可以用于其他词类，如 TLA，作为“三个字母缩写”的三个字母的缩写。

A sentence which inventories its own letters and punctuation marks is called an autogram.

A sentence which inventories its own letters and punctuation marks is called an autogram.

一个有自己的字母和句读的句子叫做 autogram。

一个有自己的字母和句读的句子叫做 自拍像autogram。

There is a special case of meta-sentence in which the content of the sentence in the metalanguage and the content of the sentence in the object language are the same. Such a sentence is referring to itself. However some meta-sentences of this type can lead to paradoxes. "This is a sentence." can be considered to be a self-referential meta-sentence which is obviously true. However "This sentence is false" is a meta-sentence which leads to a self-referential paradox. Such sentences can lead to problems, for example, in law, where statements bringing laws into existence can contradict one another or themselves. Kurt Gödel claimed to have found such a paradox in the US constitution at his citizenship ceremony.

There is a special case of meta-sentence in which the content of the sentence in the metalanguage and the content of the sentence in the object language are the same. Such a sentence is referring to itself. However some meta-sentences of this type can lead to paradoxes. "This is a sentence." can be considered to be a self-referential meta-sentence which is obviously true. However "This sentence is false" is a meta-sentence which leads to a self-referential paradox. Such sentences can lead to problems, for example, in law, where statements bringing laws into existence can contradict one another or themselves. Kurt Gödel claimed to have found such a paradox in the US constitution at his citizenship ceremony.

元语言中的句子内容与宾语中的句子内容相同是元语言句子的一种特殊情况。这样的句子指的是它自己。然而，这种类型的元句子也可能导致悖论。“这是一个句子。”可以认为是一个自指的元句，这显然是正确的。然而，“这句话是假的”是一个元句子，它导致了一个自指悖论。这样的句子可能会导致问题，例如，在法律中，使法律存在的陈述可能会相互矛盾或自相矛盾。库尔特•哥德尔(Kurt Gödel)在他的公民身份仪式上宣称，他在美国宪法中发现了这样一个悖论。

元语句中的句子内容与宾语中的句子内容相同是元语句句子的一种特殊情况。这样的句子指的是它自己。然而，这种类型的元句子也可能导致悖论。“这是一个句子。”可以认为是一个自指的元语句，这显然是正确的。然而，“这句话是假的”是一个元句子，它导致了一个自指悖论。这样的句子可能会导致问题，例如，在法律中，使法律存在的陈述可能会相互矛盾或自相矛盾。库尔特•哥德尔(Kurt Gödel)在他的公民身份仪式上宣称，他在美国宪法中发现了这样一个悖论。

Self-reference occasionally occurs in the media when it is required to write about itself, for example the BBC reporting on job cuts at the BBC. Notable encyclopedias may be required to feature articles about themselves, such as Wikipedia's article on Wikipedia.

Self-reference occasionally occurs in the media when it is required to write about itself, for example the BBC reporting on job cuts at the BBC. Notable encyclopedias may be required to feature articles about themselves, such as Wikipedia's article on Wikipedia.

当媒体被要求写自己的时候，自我参照偶尔会出现，例如 BBC 对裁员的报道。著名的百科全书可能被要求提供关于他们自己的文章，比如维基百科上的文章。

当媒体被要求写自己的时候，自指偶尔会出现，例如 BBC 对裁员的报道。著名的百科全书可能被要求提供关于他们自己的文章，比如维基百科上的文章。

Fumblerules are a list of rules of good grammar and writing, demonstrated through sentences that violate those very rules, such as "Avoid cliches like the plague" and "Don't use no double negatives". The term was coined in a published list of such rules by William Safire.

Fumblerules are a list of rules of good grammar and writing, demonstrated through sentences that violate those very rules, such as "Avoid cliches like the plague" and "Don't use no double negatives". The term was coined in a published list of such rules by William Safire.

拙劣是一系列好的语法和写作规则，通过一些违反这些规则的句子展现出来，比如“避免像瘟疫一样的陈词滥调”和“不要使用没有双重否定”。这个术语是威廉 · 萨菲尔在一份已发表的规则列表中创造出来的。

<font color="#ff8000"> 失球规则Fumblerules</font>是一系列好的语法和写作规则，通过一些违反这些规则的句子展现出来，比如“避免像瘟疫一样的陈词滥调”和“不要使用没有双重否定”。这个术语是威廉 · 萨菲尔在一份已发表的规则列表中创造出来的。

 

 

==In popular culture==

==In popular culture==