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第656行： − + − {|class=toccolours style=float:right;clear:right;font-size:85%;width:33%;margin-left:2em; − { | class = toccolours style = float: right; clear: right; font-size: 85% ; width: 33% ; margin-left: 2em; − − By the time of his death, Darwin and his colleagues had convinced most scientists that [[evolution]] as descent with modification was correct, and he was regarded as a great scientist who had revolutionised ideas. In June 1909, though few at that time agreed with his view that "natural selection has been the main but not the exclusive means of modification", he was honoured by more than 400 officials and scientists from across the world who met in [[Cambridge]] to [[Darwin Day|commemorate his centenary]] and the fiftieth anniversary of ''On the Origin of Species''.<ref name=b222>{{harvnb|Bowler|2003|pp=222–225}}<br />{{Harvnb|van Wyhe|2008}}<br />{{harvnb|Darwin|1872|p=[http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F391&pageseq=449 421]}}</ref> Around the beginning of the 20th century, a period that has been called "[[the eclipse of Darwinism]]", scientists proposed various alternative evolutionary mechanisms, which eventually proved untenable. [[Ronald Fisher]], an English [[statistics|statistician]], finally united [[Mendelian genetics]] with natural selection, in the period between 1918 and his 1930 book ''[[The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection]]''.<ref>[http://www.genetics.org/content/154/4/1419.full The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection An introduction to the book by [[A. W. F. Edwards]] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924041631/http://www.genetics.org/content/154/4/1419.full |date=24 September 2015 }}</ref> He gave the theory a [[mathematical]] footing and brought broad scientific consensus that natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution, thus founding the basis for [[population genetics]] and the [[modern synthesis (20th century)|modern evolutionary synthesis]], with [[J.B.S. Haldane]] and [[Sewall Wright]], which set the frame of reference for modern debates and refinements of the theory.<ref name=b3847 /> − − |William Erasmus||style=text-align:right;|27 December 1839 –||8 September 1914 − − 威廉 · 伊拉斯谟 | style = text-align: right; | 1839年12月27日-| 1914年9月8日 − − − − |- − − |- 第791行：
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→Legacy
==Legacy==
==Legacy==
[[File:Charles Robert Darwin by John Collier.jpg|thumb|alt=Three-quarter portrait of a senior Darwin dressed in black before a black background. His face and six-inch white beard are dramatically lit from the side. His eyes are shaded by his brows and look directly and thoughtfully at the viewer.|In 1881 Darwin was an eminent figure, still working on his contributions to evolutionary thought that had an enormous effect on many fields of science. Copy of a portrait by [[John Collier (Pre-Raphaelite painter)|John Collier]] in the [[National Portrait Gallery, London]].]]
[[文件:Charles Robert Darwin by John Collier.jpg|缩略图|右|达尔文是一位杰出的学者，1881年，他仍在致力于他对进化思想的贡献，这对许多科学领域都产生了巨大影响。此肖像是约翰·科利尔John Collier为伦敦国家肖像画廊所作的副本。]]
===Commemoration===
===Commemoration===
达尔文夫妇有十个孩子: 其中两个在婴儿时期夭折，安妮在十岁时去世，这对她的父母产生了毁灭性的影响。查尔斯是一位尽职尽责的父亲，对孩子们异乎寻常地关心。分别是天文学家，植物学家和土木工程师。三人都被封为爵士。他的另一个儿子伦纳德后来成为了一名军人、政治家、经济学家、优生学家，同时也是统计学家和进化生物学家罗纳德 · 费舍尔的导师。
达尔文夫妇有十个孩子: 其中两个在婴儿时期夭折，安妮在十岁时去世，这对她的父母产生了毁灭性的影响。查尔斯是一位尽职尽责的父亲，对孩子们异乎寻常地关心。分别是天文学家，植物学家和土木工程师。三人都被封为爵士。他的另一个儿子伦纳德后来成为了一名军人、政治家、经济学家、优生学家，同时也是统计学家和进化生物学家罗纳德 · 费舍尔的导师。
==Children==
==Children==