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By the time of his death, Darwin and his colleagues had convinced most scientists that [[evolution]] as descent with modification was correct, and he was regarded as a great scientist who had revolutionised ideas. In June 1909, though few at that time agreed with his view that "natural selection has been the main but not the exclusive means of modification", he was honoured by more than 400 officials and scientists from across the world who met in [[Cambridge]] to [[Darwin Day|commemorate his centenary]] and the fiftieth anniversary of ''On the Origin of Species''.<ref name=b222>{{harvnb|Bowler|2003|pp=222–225}}<br />{{Harvnb|van Wyhe|2008}}<br />{{harvnb|Darwin|1872|p=[http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F391&pageseq=449 421]}}</ref> Around the beginning of the 20th century, a period that has been called "[[the eclipse of Darwinism]]", scientists proposed various alternative evolutionary mechanisms, which eventually proved untenable. [[Ronald Fisher]], an English [[statistics|statistician]], finally united [[Mendelian genetics]] with natural selection, in the period between 1918 and his 1930 book ''[[The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection]]''.<ref>[http://www.genetics.org/content/154/4/1419.full The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection An introduction to the book by [[A. W. F. Edwards]] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924041631/http://www.genetics.org/content/154/4/1419.full |date=24 September 2015 }}</ref> He gave the theory a [[mathematical]] footing and brought broad scientific consensus that natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution, thus founding the basis for [[population genetics]] and the [[modern synthesis (20th century)|modern evolutionary synthesis]], with [[J.B.S. Haldane]] and [[Sewall Wright]], which set the frame of reference for modern debates and refinements of the theory.<ref name=b3847 />
By the time of his death, Darwin and his colleagues had convinced most scientists that evolution as descent with modification was correct, and he was regarded as a great scientist who had revolutionised ideas. In June 1909, though few at that time agreed with his view that "natural selection has been the main but not the exclusive means of modification", he was honoured by more than 400 officials and scientists from across the world who met in Cambridge to commemorate his centenary and the fiftieth anniversary of On the Origin of Species.[172] Around the beginning of the 20th century, a period that has been called "the eclipse of Darwinism", scientists proposed various alternative evolutionary mechanisms, which eventually proved untenable. Ronald Fisher, an English statistician, finally united Mendelian genetics with natural selection, in the period between 1918 and his 1930 book The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection.[173] He gave the theory a mathematical footing and brought broad scientific consensus that natural selection was the basic mechanism of evolution, thus founding the basis for population genetics and the modern evolutionary synthesis, with J.B.S. Haldane and Sewall Wright, which set the frame of reference for modern debates and refinements of the theory.
直到他去世时，达尔文和他的同事已经说服了大多数科学家，进化作为'''<font color="#ff8000"> 后代渐变Descent with modification</font>'''这一概念是准确无误的。他也因此被认为是伟大的科学家，因为彻底颠覆了概念。1909年6月，尽管当时很少有人同意“自然选择是主要但非排他性的后代渐变手段”这一观点，但达尔文受到了世界各地400多名官员和科学家的嘉奖，他们甚至在剑桥举行纪念仪式，以怀念他的百年诞辰和《物种起源》五十周年。大约在20世纪初，即所谓的“达尔文主义消亡”时期，科学家们提出了各种能替代自然选择的进化机制，但最终均被证明站不住脚。英国统计学家罗纳德·费舍尔Ronald Fisher在1918年至1930年的著作《'''<font color="#ff8000"> 自然选择的遗传学理论The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection </font>'''》，终于将孟德尔遗传学与自然选择结合起来。他为该理论提供了数学基础，并引起广泛的科学共识，即自然选择是进化的基本机制，从而为人类遗传学和现代进化综合奠定了基础。霍尔丹Haldane和塞沃尔·赖特Sewall Wright为现代辩论和对该理论的完善设定了参考框架。