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主动推理已被用于解决[[认知神经科学]]、脑功能和神经精神病学的一系列问题，包括：行动观察，<ref>Friston, K., Mattout, J. & Kilner, J., (2011). [http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/~karl/Action%20understanding%20and%20active%20inference.pdf Action understanding and active inference]. Biol Cybern., 104, 137–160.</ref>镜像神经元，<ref>Kilner, J. M., Friston, K. J. & Frith, C. D., (2007). [http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/~karl/Predictive%20coding%20an%20account%20of%20the%20mirror%20neuron%20system.pdf Predictive coding: an account of the mirror neuron system]. Cogn Process., 8(3), pp. 159–66.</ref> 扫视和视觉搜索，<ref>Friston, K., Adams, R. A., Perrinet, L. & Breakspear, M., (2012). [http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/~karl/Perceptions%20as%20hypotheses%20saccades%20as%20experiments.pdf Perceptions as hypotheses: saccades as experiments]. Front Psychol., 3, 151.</ref><ref>Mirza, M., Adams, R., Mathys, C., Friston, K. (2018). [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/authors?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0190429 Human visual exploration reduces uncertainty about the sensed world]. PLoS One, 13(1): e0190429 </ref> 眼球运动，<ref>Perrinet L, Adams R,  Friston, K. [https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00422-014-0620-8.pdf Active inference, eye movements and oculomotor delays]. Biological Cybernetics, 108(6):777-801, 2014.</ref>  睡眠，<ref>Hobson, J. A. & Friston, K. J., (2012). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301008212000706 Waking and dreaming consciousness: Neurobiological and functional considerations]. Prog Neurobiol, 98(1), pp. 82–98.</ref>幻觉，<ref>Brown, H., & Friston, K. J. (2012). [http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/~karl/Free-energy%20and%20illusions%20the%20Cornsweet%20effect.pdf Free-energy and illusions: the cornsweet effect]. Front Psychol , 3, 43.</ref> 注意，<ref name="Feldman" /> 动作选择，<ref name="Friston_a" /> 意识，<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rudrauf|first1=David|last2=Bennequin|first2=Daniel|last3=Granic|first3=Isabela|last4=Landini|first4=Gregory|last5=Friston|first5=Karl|last6=Williford|first6=Kenneth|date=2017-09-07|title=A mathematical model of embodied consciousness|journal=Journal of Theoretical Biology|volume=428|pages=106–131|doi=10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.05.032|pmid=28554611|issn=0022-5193|url=http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10057795/1/DR_et_al_A_math_model_of_embodied_consciousness_JTBiol_final_revision_for_submission.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Projective Consciousness Model and Phenomenal Selfhood|journal = Frontiers in Psychology|volume = 9|pages = 2571|last1=K|first1=Williford|last2=D|first2=Bennequin|date=2018-12-17|language=en|pmid=30618988|pmc = 6304424|last3=K|first3=Friston|last4=D|first4=Rudrauf|doi = 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02571}}</ref> hysteria<ref>Edwards, M. J., Adams, R. A., Brown, H., Pareés, I., & Friston, K. J. (2012). [http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/~karl/A%20Bayesian%20account%20of%20hysteria.pdf A Bayesian account of 'hysteria']. Brain , 135(Pt 11):3495–512.</ref> 还有精神病。<ref>Adams RA, Perrinet LU, Friston K. (2012). [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0047502 Smooth pursuit and visual occlusion: active inference and oculomotor control in schizophrenia]. PLoS One. , 12;7(10):e47502</ref> 对主动推理中行为的解释常常依赖于这样一种观点，即大脑有“顽固的预测”，它无法更新，从而导致使这些预测成真的行为。<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yon|first1=Daniel|last2=Lange|first2=Floris P. de|last3=Press|first3=Clare|date=2019-01-01|title=The Predictive Brain as a Stubborn Scientist|url=https://www.cell.com/trends/cognitive-sciences/abstract/S1364-6613(18)30239-0|journal=Trends in Cognitive Sciences|language=English|volume=23|issue=1|pages=6–8|doi=10.1016/j.tics.2018.10.003|issn=1364-6613|pmid=30429054|s2cid=53280000}}</ref>

主动推理已被用于解决[[认知神经科学]]、脑功能和神经精神病学的一系列问题，包括：行动观察，<ref>Friston, K., Mattout, J. & Kilner, J., (2011). [http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/~karl/Action%20understanding%20and%20active%20inference.pdf Action understanding and active inference]. Biol Cybern., 104, 137–160.</ref>镜像神经元，<ref>Kilner, J. M., Friston, K. J. & Frith, C. D., (2007). [http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/~karl/Predictive%20coding%20an%20account%20of%20the%20mirror%20neuron%20system.pdf Predictive coding: an account of the mirror neuron system]. Cogn Process., 8(3), pp. 159–66.</ref> 扫视和视觉搜索，<ref>Friston, K., Adams, R. A., Perrinet, L. & Breakspear, M., (2012). [http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/~karl/Perceptions%20as%20hypotheses%20saccades%20as%20experiments.pdf Perceptions as hypotheses: saccades as experiments]. Front Psychol., 3, 151.</ref><ref>Mirza, M., Adams, R., Mathys, C., Friston, K. (2018). [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/authors?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0190429 Human visual exploration reduces uncertainty about the sensed world]. PLoS One, 13(1): e0190429 </ref> 眼球运动，<ref>Perrinet L, Adams R,  Friston, K. [https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00422-014-0620-8.pdf Active inference, eye movements and oculomotor delays]. Biological Cybernetics, 108(6):777-801, 2014.</ref>  睡眠，<ref>Hobson, J. A. & Friston, K. J., (2012). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301008212000706 Waking and dreaming consciousness: Neurobiological and functional considerations]. Prog Neurobiol, 98(1), pp. 82–98.</ref>幻觉，<ref>Brown, H., & Friston, K. J. (2012). [http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/~karl/Free-energy%20and%20illusions%20the%20Cornsweet%20effect.pdf Free-energy and illusions: the cornsweet effect]. Front Psychol , 3, 43.</ref> 注意，<ref name="Feldman" /> 动作选择，<ref name="Friston_a" /> 意识，<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rudrauf|first1=David|last2=Bennequin|first2=Daniel|last3=Granic|first3=Isabela|last4=Landini|first4=Gregory|last5=Friston|first5=Karl|last6=Williford|first6=Kenneth|date=2017-09-07|title=A mathematical model of embodied consciousness|journal=Journal of Theoretical Biology|volume=428|pages=106–131|doi=10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.05.032|pmid=28554611|issn=0022-5193|url=http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10057795/1/DR_et_al_A_math_model_of_embodied_consciousness_JTBiol_final_revision_for_submission.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Projective Consciousness Model and Phenomenal Selfhood|journal = Frontiers in Psychology|volume = 9|pages = 2571|last1=K|first1=Williford|last2=D|first2=Bennequin|date=2018-12-17|language=en|pmid=30618988|pmc = 6304424|last3=K|first3=Friston|last4=D|first4=Rudrauf|doi = 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02571}}</ref> hysteria<ref>Edwards, M. J., Adams, R. A., Brown, H., Pareés, I., & Friston, K. J. (2012). [http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/~karl/A%20Bayesian%20account%20of%20hysteria.pdf A Bayesian account of 'hysteria']. Brain , 135(Pt 11):3495–512.</ref> 还有精神病。<ref>Adams RA, Perrinet LU, Friston K. (2012). [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0047502 Smooth pursuit and visual occlusion: active inference and oculomotor control in schizophrenia]. PLoS One. , 12;7(10):e47502</ref> 对主动推理中行为的解释常常依赖于这样一种观点，即大脑有“顽固的预测”，它无法更新，从而导致使这些预测成真的行为。<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yon|first1=Daniel|last2=Lange|first2=Floris P. de|last3=Press|first3=Clare|date=2019-01-01|title=The Predictive Brain as a Stubborn Scientist|url=https://www.cell.com/trends/cognitive-sciences/abstract/S1364-6613(18)30239-0|journal=Trends in Cognitive Sciences|language=English|volume=23|issue=1|pages=6–8|doi=10.1016/j.tics.2018.10.003|issn=1364-6613|pmid=30429054|s2cid=53280000}}</ref>