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复杂网络是一种理解现实世界复杂系统的抽象模型。它将复杂系统中的实体抽象成节点 ，将实体之间的关系抽象成连线。虽然数学中的图论也在研究网络， 但是现实中的网络会有更多的随机特性。因此，复杂网络 一般更加关注网络的统计特征。在网络理论的背景下，复杂网络是一个具有非平凡拓扑特征的图(网络)ーー这些特征不会出现在简单的网络中，如格或随机图，而是经常出现在代表实际系统的网络中。复杂网络的研究是一个年轻而活跃的科学研究领域<ref>{{cite journal| author = R. Albert and A.-L. Barabási|year = 2002| title = Statistical mechanics of complex networks| journal=Reviews of Modern Physics|volume = 74| issue = 1| pages = 47–49|doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.74.47| arxiv = cond-mat/0106096|bibcode = 2002RvMP...74...47A}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author = Mark Newman| year = 2010| title = Networks: An Introduction | publisher = Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-920665-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| author = Reuven Cohen and Shlomo Havlin| year = 2010| title = Complex Networks: Structure, Robustness and Function| journal = Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-84156-6}}</ref>(自2000年以来) ，主要受到计算机网络、生物网络、技术网络、大脑网络、气候网络<ref name="Bassett 353–364">{{Cite journal|last1=Bassett|first1=Danielle S|last2=Sporns|first2=Olaf|date=2017-02-23|title=Network neuroscience|journal=Nature Neuroscience|volume=20|issue=3|pages=353–364|doi=10.1038/nn.4502|issn=1097-6256|pmc=5485642|pmid=28230844}}</ref><ref name="AlexF">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pathlms.com/ohbm/courses/12238/sections/15846/video_presentations/137536|title=An Introduction to Network Neuroscience: How to build, model, and analyse connectomes - 0800-10:00 {{!}} OHBM|website=pathlms.com|language=en|author=Alex Fornito|access-date=2020-03-11}}</ref><ref name="10.1038/s41598-021-81767-7">{{cite journal | vauthors = Saberi M, Khosrowabadi R, Khatibi A, Misic B, Jafari G | title = Topological impact of negative links on the stability of resting-state brain network | journal = Scientific Reports | date = January 2021 | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | page = 2176 | pmid = 33500525 | pmc = 7838299 | doi = 10.1038/s41598-021-81767-7 | bibcode = 2021NatSR..11.2176S | url = }}</ref>和社会网络等现实世界网络的经验性发现的启发。

复杂网络是一种理解现实世界复杂系统的抽象模型。它将复杂系统中的实体抽象成节点 ，将实体之间的关系抽象成连线。虽然数学中的图论也在研究网络， 但是现实中的网络会有更多的随机特性。因此，复杂网络 一般更加关注网络的统计特征。在网络理论的背景下，复杂网络是一个具有非平凡拓扑特征的图(网络)ーー这些特征不会出现在简单的网络中，如格或随机图，而是经常出现在代表实际系统的网络中。复杂网络的研究是一个年轻而活跃的科学研究领域<ref>{{cite journal| author = R. Albert and A.-L. Barabási|year = 2002| title = Statistical mechanics of complex networks| journal=Reviews of Modern Physics|volume = 74| issue = 1| pages = 47–49|doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.74.47| arxiv = cond-mat/0106096|bibcode = 2002RvMP...74...47A}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| author = Mark Newman| year = 2010| title = Networks: An Introduction | publisher = Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-920665-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| author = Reuven Cohen and Shlomo Havlin| year = 2010| title = Complex Networks: Structure, Robustness and Function| journal = Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-84156-6}}</ref>(自2000年以来) ，主要受到计算机网络、生物网络、技术网络、大脑网络、气候网络<ref name="Bassett 353–364">{{Cite journal|last1=Bassett|first1=Danielle S|last2=Sporns|first2=Olaf|date=2017-02-23|title=Network neuroscience|journal=Nature Neuroscience|volume=20|issue=3|pages=353–364|doi=10.1038/nn.4502|issn=1097-6256|pmc=5485642|pmid=28230844}}</ref><ref name="AlexF">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pathlms.com/ohbm/courses/12238/sections/15846/video_presentations/137536|title=An Introduction to Network Neuroscience: How to build, model, and analyse connectomes - 0800-10:00 {{!}} OHBM|website=pathlms.com|language=en|author=Alex Fornito|access-date=2020-03-11}}</ref><ref name="10.1038/s41598-021-81767-7">{{cite journal | vauthors = Saberi M, Khosrowabadi R, Khatibi A, Misic B, Jafari G | title = Topological impact of negative links on the stability of resting-state brain network | journal = Scientific Reports | date = January 2021 | volume = 11 | issue = 1 | page = 2176 | pmc = 7838299 | doi = 10.1038/s41598-021-81767-7 | bibcode = 2021NatSR..11.2176S }}</ref>和社会网络等现实世界网络的经验性发现的启发。