更改

这个领域继续以快速的步伐发展，并且汇集了来自数学、物理学、电力系统、<ref name="Saleh 1381">{{Cite journal|last1=Saleh|first1=Mahmoud|last2=Esa|first2=Yusef|last3=Mohamed|first3=Ahmed|date=2018-05-29|title=Applications of Complex Network Analysis in Electric Power Systems|journal=Energies|language=en|volume=11|issue=6|pages=1381|doi=10.3390/en11061381|doi-access=free}}</ref>生物学、<ref>{{cite journal |author=A. Bashan, R.P. Bartsch, J.W. Kantelhardt, S. Havlin, P.C. Ivanov |year=2012 |title=Network physiology reveals relations between network topology and physiological function |journal=Nature Communications|volume=3 |pages=72|doi=10.1038/ncomms1705 |pmid=22426223 |pmc=3518900 |arxiv=1203.0242 |bibcode=2012NatCo...3..702B |doi-access=free }}</ref>气候学、<ref>{{cite journal |author=J. Fan, J. Meng, X. Chen, Y. Ashkenazy, S. Havlin |year=2017 |title= Network approaches to climate science |journal=Science China Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy|volume=60 |issue=1|page=10531 |doi=10.1007/s11433-016-0362-2 |bibcode=2017SCPMA..60a0531F |doi-access=free }}</ref>计算机科学、社会学、流行病学<ref>{{cite journal |author=Lucas D Valdez, Lidia A Braunstein, Shlomo Havlin |year=2020 |title= Epidemic spreading on modular networks: The fear to declare a pandemic |journal=Physical Review E|volume=101 |issue=3|pages=032309|doi=10.1103/PhysRevE.101.032309 |pmid=32289896 |arxiv=1909.09695|bibcode=2020PhRvE.101c2309V }}</ref>等许多领域的研究人员。<ref>{{cite journal|last=A.E. Motter|first=R. Albert|title=Networks in Motion|journal=Physics Today|year=2012|volume=65|issue=4|pages=43–48|url=http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v65/i4/p43_s1|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120906061904/http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v65/i4/p43_s1|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-09-06|doi=10.1063/pt.3.1518|arxiv=1206.2369|bibcode=2012PhT....65d..43M}}</ref>来自网络科学和工程学的思想和工具已经应用于代谢和遗传调控网络的分析; 生态系统稳定性和稳健性的研究; <ref name="johnson2014">{{cite journal |author=Johnson S, Domı́nguez-Garcı́a V, Donetti L, Muñoz MA |year=2014 |title=Trophic coherence determines food-web stability |journal=[[Proc Natl Acad Sci USA]] |volume=111 |issue=50 |pages=17923–17928 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1409077111|pmid=25468963 |pmc=4273378 |arxiv=1404.7728 |bibcode=2014PNAS..11117923J |doi-access=free }}</ref>临床科学; <ref>{{cite journal|last=S.G.Hofmann|first=J.E.Curtiss|title=A complex network approach to clinical science|journal=European Journal of Clinical Investigation|year=2018|volume=48|issue=8|pages=e12986|doi=10.1111/eci.12986|pmid=29931701|doi-access=free}}</ref>可扩展通信网络的建模和设计，<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Mouhamed Abdulla|date=2012-09-22|title=On the Fundamentals of Stochastic Spatial Modeling and Analysis of Wireless Networks and its Impact to Channel Losses|url=http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/974847|journal=Ph.D. Dissertation, Dept. Of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia Univ., Montréal, Québec, Canada, Sep. 2012.|pages=(Ch.4 develops algorithms for complex network generation and visualization)|publisher=Concordia University|type=phd}}</ref>如复杂无线网络的生成和可视化; 疫苗接种战略的发展以控制疾病;<ref>{{cite journal | title =  Efficient immunization strategies for computer networks and populations | authors = R. Cohen, S. Havlin, D. Ben-Avraham | journal = Phys. Rev. Lett. | volume =  91 | pages = 247901 | date = 2003| issue = 24 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.247901 | arxiv = cond-mat/0207387 | bibcode = 2003PhRvL..91x7901C }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Y |last2=Paul |first2=G |last3=Havlin |first3=S |last4=Liljeros |first4=F |last5=Stanley |first5=H. E |title=Finding a Better Immunization Strategy |journal=Phys. Rev. Lett. |volume=101 |page=058701 |date=2008|issue=5 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.058701 |pmid=18764435 |bibcode=2008PhRvL.101e8701C }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yangyang Liu, Hillel Sanhedrai, GaoGao Dong, Louis M Shekhtman, Fan Wang, Sergey V Buldyrev, Shlomo Havlin |title=Efficient network immunization under limited knowledge |journal=National Science Review |date=2021 |volume=8 |issue=1|doi=10.1093/nsr/nwaa229 |arxiv=2004.00825 }}</ref> 以及广泛的其他实际问题。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jingfang Fan, Jun Meng, Josef Ludescher, Xiaosong Chen, Yosef Ashkenazy, Jürgen Kurths, Shlomo Havlin, Hans Joachim Schellnhuber |title=Statistical physics approaches to the complex Earth system |journal=Physics Reports |year=2021 |volume=896 |pages=1–84 |doi=10.1016/j.physrep.2020.09.005 |pmid=33041465 |pmc=7532523 |arxiv=2009.04918 |bibcode=2021PhR...896....1F }}</ref>同时，网络理论最近被发现可以用来识别城市交通中的瓶颈。<ref name="LiFu2015">{{cite journal|last1=Li|first1=Daqing|last2=Fu|first2=Bowen|last3=Wang|first3=Yunpeng|last4=Lu|first4=Guangquan|last5=Berezin|first5=Yehiel|last6=Stanley|first6=H. Eugene|last7=Havlin|first7=Shlomo|title=Percolation transition in dynamical traffic network with evolving critical bottlenecks|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=112|issue=3|year=2015|pages=669–672|issn=0027-8424|doi=10.1073/pnas.1419185112|pmid=25552558|pmc=4311803|bibcode=2015PNAS..112..669L|doi-access=free}}</ref>网络科学是各个领域许多会议的主题，也是众多外行人和专家著作的主题。

这个领域继续以快速的步伐发展，并且汇集了来自数学、物理学、电力系统、<ref name="Saleh 1381">{{Cite journal|last1=Saleh|first1=Mahmoud|last2=Esa|first2=Yusef|last3=Mohamed|first3=Ahmed|date=2018-05-29|title=Applications of Complex Network Analysis in Electric Power Systems|journal=Energies|language=en|volume=11|issue=6|pages=1381|doi=10.3390/en11061381|doi-access=free}}</ref>生物学、<ref>{{cite journal |author=A. Bashan, R.P. Bartsch, J.W. Kantelhardt, S. Havlin, P.C. Ivanov |year=2012 |title=Network physiology reveals relations between network topology and physiological function |journal=Nature Communications|volume=3 |pages=72|doi=10.1038/ncomms1705 |pmid=22426223 |pmc=3518900 |arxiv=1203.0242 |bibcode=2012NatCo...3..702B |doi-access=free }}</ref>气候学、<ref>{{cite journal |author=J. Fan, J. Meng, X. Chen, Y. Ashkenazy, S. Havlin |year=2017 |title= Network approaches to climate science |journal=Science China Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy|volume=60 |issue=1|page=10531 |doi=10.1007/s11433-016-0362-2 |bibcode=2017SCPMA..60a0531F |doi-access=free }}</ref>计算机科学、社会学、流行病学<ref>{{cite journal |author=Lucas D Valdez, Lidia A Braunstein, Shlomo Havlin |year=2020 |title= Epidemic spreading on modular networks: The fear to declare a pandemic |journal=Physical Review E|volume=101 |issue=3|pages=032309|doi=10.1103/PhysRevE.101.032309 |pmid=32289896 |arxiv=1909.09695|bibcode=2020PhRvE.101c2309V }}</ref>等许多领域的研究人员。<ref>{{cite journal|last=A.E. Motter|first=R. Albert|title=Networks in Motion|journal=Physics Today|year=2012|volume=65|issue=4|pages=43–48|url=http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v65/i4/p43_s1|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120906061904/http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v65/i4/p43_s1|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-09-06|doi=10.1063/pt.3.1518|arxiv=1206.2369|bibcode=2012PhT....65d..43M}}</ref>来自网络科学和工程学的思想和工具已经应用于代谢和遗传调控网络的分析; 生态系统稳定性和稳健性的研究; <ref name="johnson2014">{{cite journal |author=Johnson S, Domı́nguez-Garcı́a V, Donetti L, Muñoz MA |year=2014 |title=Trophic coherence determines food-web stability |journal=[[Proc Natl Acad Sci USA]] |volume=111 |issue=50 |pages=17923–17928 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1409077111|pmid=25468963 |pmc=4273378 |arxiv=1404.7728 |bibcode=2014PNAS..11117923J |doi-access=free }}</ref>临床科学; <ref>{{cite journal|last=S.G.Hofmann|first=J.E.Curtiss|title=A complex network approach to clinical science|journal=European Journal of Clinical Investigation|year=2018|volume=48|issue=8|pages=e12986|doi=10.1111/eci.12986|pmid=29931701|doi-access=free}}</ref>可扩展通信网络的建模和设计，<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Mouhamed Abdulla|date=2012-09-22|title=On the Fundamentals of Stochastic Spatial Modeling and Analysis of Wireless Networks and its Impact to Channel Losses|url=http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/974847|journal=Ph.D. Dissertation, Dept. Of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia Univ., Montréal, Québec, Canada, Sep. 2012.|pages=(Ch.4 develops algorithms for complex network generation and visualization)|publisher=Concordia University|type=phd}}</ref>如复杂无线网络的生成和可视化; 疫苗接种战略的发展以控制疾病;<ref>{{cite journal | title =  Efficient immunization strategies for computer networks and populations | authors = R. Cohen, S. Havlin, D. Ben-Avraham | journal = Phys. Rev. Lett. | volume =  91 | pages = 247901 | date = 2003| issue = 24 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.247901 | arxiv = cond-mat/0207387 | bibcode = 2003PhRvL..91x7901C }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Y |last2=Paul |first2=G |last3=Havlin |first3=S |last4=Liljeros |first4=F |last5=Stanley |first5=H. E |title=Finding a Better Immunization Strategy |journal=Phys. Rev. Lett. |volume=101 |page=058701 |date=2008|issue=5 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.058701 |pmid=18764435 |bibcode=2008PhRvL.101e8701C }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yangyang Liu, Hillel Sanhedrai, GaoGao Dong, Louis M Shekhtman, Fan Wang, Sergey V Buldyrev, Shlomo Havlin |title=Efficient network immunization under limited knowledge |journal=National Science Review |date=2021 |volume=8 |issue=1|doi=10.1093/nsr/nwaa229 |arxiv=2004.00825 }}</ref> 以及广泛的其他实际问题。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jingfang Fan, Jun Meng, Josef Ludescher, Xiaosong Chen, Yosef Ashkenazy, Jürgen Kurths, Shlomo Havlin, Hans Joachim Schellnhuber |title=Statistical physics approaches to the complex Earth system |journal=Physics Reports |year=2021 |volume=896 |pages=1–84 |doi=10.1016/j.physrep.2020.09.005 |pmc=7532523 |arxiv=2009.04918 |bibcode=2021PhR...896....1F }}</ref>同时，网络理论最近被发现可以用来识别城市交通中的瓶颈。<ref name="LiFu2015">{{cite journal|last1=Li|first1=Daqing|last2=Fu|first2=Bowen|last3=Wang|first3=Yunpeng|last4=Lu|first4=Guangquan|last5=Berezin|first5=Yehiel|last6=Stanley|first6=H. Eugene|last7=Havlin|first7=Shlomo|title=Percolation transition in dynamical traffic network with evolving critical bottlenecks|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=112|issue=3|year=2015|pages=669–672|issn=0027-8424|doi=10.1073/pnas.1419185112|pmc=4311803|bibcode=2015PNAS..112..669L|doi-access=free}}</ref>网络科学是各个领域许多会议的主题，也是众多外行人和专家著作的主题。

==复杂网络研究简史==

==复杂网络研究简史==