− | [[File:Standard self-similarity.png|thumb|300px|标准(平凡)自相似性。<ref name=":0">Mandelbrot, Benoit B. (1982). ''The Fractal Geometry of Nature'', p.44. {{ISBN|978-0716711865}}.</ref>]] | + | [[File:Standard self-similarity.png|thumb|300px|标准(平凡)自相似性。<ref name=":0">Mandelbrot, Benoit B. (1982). ''The Fractal Geometry of Nature'', p.44. .</ref>]] |
− | </blockquote><ref>Peitgen, Heinz-Otto; Jürgens, Hartmut; Saupe, Dietmar; Maletsky, Evan; Perciante, Terry; and Yunker, Lee (1991). ''Fractals for the Classroom: Strategic Activities Volume One'', p.21. Springer-Verlag, New York. <nowiki>ISBN 0-387-97346-X</nowiki> and <nowiki>ISBN 3-540-97346-X</nowiki>.</ref> | + | </blockquote><ref>Peitgen, Heinz-Otto; Jürgens, Hartmut; Saupe, Dietmar; Maletsky, Evan; Perciante, Terry; and Yunker, Lee (1991). ''Fractals for the Classroom: Strategic Activities Volume One'', p.21. Springer-Verlag, New York.</ref> |
− | 类似地,人们在描述股票市场时认为其波动具有自仿射性,也就是说,当根据显示的细节程度,通过适当的仿射变换进行转换时,它们显示出自相似性<ref name=":2">Peitgen, et al (1991), p.2-3.</ref>。Andrew Lo描述了计量经济学中股票市场的对数回报自相似性<ref name=":3">Campbell, Lo and MacKinlay (1991) "[[Econometrics]] of Financial Markets ", Princeton University Press! {{ISBN|978-0691043012}}</ref>。 | + | 类似地,人们在描述股票市场时认为其波动具有自仿射性,也就是说,当根据显示的细节程度,通过适当的仿射变换进行转换时,它们显示出自相似性<ref name=":2">Peitgen, et al (1991), p.2-3.</ref>。Andrew Lo描述了计量经济学中股票市场的对数回报自相似性<ref name=":3">Campbell, Lo and MacKinlay (1991) "[[Econometrics]] of Financial Markets ", Princeton University Press!</ref>。 |