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第1,926行：
第1,926行： − + − 通常，在自然界可能发现的，在给定时间包含物理系统的空间区域，其热力学平衡状态并不是能用最严格的术语来表示。 用较宽泛的术语来说，整个宇宙中没有任何东西是或曾经是真正处于精确的热力学平衡状态中。 第1,936行：
第1,935行： − 为了进行物理分析，通常假设热力学平衡就足以方便可行。 这样的假设可能依赖于反复试验和试错来证明其合理性。 如果假设是合理的，那么它通常会非常有价值，因为它使热力学理论成为可能。 平衡假设的要素是，观察到的系统会无限期地保持不变，并且因为系统中有很多粒子，以至于完全可以忽略其微粒性质。 通常，在这种平衡假设下，没有宏观上可检测到的波动。 临界状态是一个例外，它以肉眼显示出临界乳光现象。 对于临界状态的实验室研究，需要非常长的观察时间。+ 第1,944行：
第1,943行： − + − 在所有情况下，一旦完成了热力学平衡的假设，就意味着假定能改变系统熵的“fluctuation”（待定的波动因子）不存在。+ 第1,964行：
第1,963行： − 还有一些中间情况，其中局部热力学平衡的假设是一个非常好的近似值，但严格地说它仍然是一个近似值，不是理论上的理想值。+ 第1,974行：
第1,973行： − 对于一般的非平衡状态，考虑其他量的统计力学定义可能是有用的，这些量可以方便地称为‘熵’ ，但是它们不应该与第二定律正确定义的熵混淆。这些其他量确实属于统计力学，而不属于第二定律的主要领域--热力学。+
→Non-equilibrium states： 审校1
The theory of classical or equilibrium thermodynamics is idealized. A main postulate or assumption, often not even explicitly stated, is the existence of systems in their own internal states of thermodynamic equilibrium. In general, a region of space containing a physical system at a given time, that may be found in nature, is not in thermodynamic equilibrium, read in the most stringent terms. In looser terms, nothing in the entire universe is or has ever been truly in exact thermodynamic equilibrium.
The theory of classical or equilibrium thermodynamics is idealized. A main postulate or assumption, often not even explicitly stated, is the existence of systems in their own internal states of thermodynamic equilibrium. In general, a region of space containing a physical system at a given time, that may be found in nature, is not in thermodynamic equilibrium, read in the most stringent terms. In looser terms, nothing in the entire universe is or has ever been truly in exact thermodynamic equilibrium.
经典热力学或平衡热力学理论是理想化的。其主要假定或假设（<font color = 'red'><s>往往无明确说明</s></font><font color = 'blue'>通常甚至没有明确地陈述</font>），是基于系统处在自身内部的热力学平衡状态。
经典热力学或平衡热力学理论是理想化的。其主要假定或假设（<font color = 'red'><s>往往无明确说明</s></font><font color = 'blue'>通常甚至没有明确地陈述</font>），是基于系统处在自身内部的热力学平衡状态。通常，在自然界可能发现的，在给定时间包含物理系统的空间区域，其热力学平衡状态并不是能用最严格的术语来表示。用较宽泛的术语来说，整个宇宙中没有任何东西是或曾经是真正处于精确的热力学平衡状态中。
For purposes of physical analysis, it is often enough convenient to make an assumption of thermodynamic equilibrium. Such an assumption may rely on trial and error for its justification. If the assumption is justified, it can often be very valuable and useful because it makes available the theory of thermodynamics. Elements of the equilibrium assumption are that a system is observed to be unchanging over an indefinitely long time, and that there are so many particles in a system, that its particulate nature can be entirely ignored. Under such an equilibrium assumption, in general, there are no macroscopically detectable fluctuations. There is an exception, the case of critical states, which exhibit to the naked eye the phenomenon of critical opalescence. For laboratory studies of critical states, exceptionally long observation times are needed.
For purposes of physical analysis, it is often enough convenient to make an assumption of thermodynamic equilibrium. Such an assumption may rely on trial and error for its justification. If the assumption is justified, it can often be very valuable and useful because it makes available the theory of thermodynamics. Elements of the equilibrium assumption are that a system is observed to be unchanging over an indefinitely long time, and that there are so many particles in a system, that its particulate nature can be entirely ignored. Under such an equilibrium assumption, in general, there are no macroscopically detectable fluctuations. There is an exception, the case of critical states, which exhibit to the naked eye the phenomenon of critical opalescence. For laboratory studies of critical states, exceptionally long observation times are needed.
为了进行物理分析，通常<font color = 'red'><s>假设热力学平衡就足以方便可行</s></font><font color = 'blue'>做一个热力学平衡的假设就足够方便可行</font>。 这样的假设可能依赖于反复试验和试错来证明其合理性。如果假设是合理的，那么它通常会非常有价值，因为它使热力学理论成为可能。平衡假设的要素是，观察到的系统会无限期地保持不变，并且因为系统中有很多粒子，以至于完全可以忽略其微粒<font color = 'red'><s>性质</s></font><font color = 'blue'>的本质</font>。通常在这种平衡假设下，<font color = 'red'><s>没有</s></font><font color = 'blue'>不存在一个</font>宏观上可检测到的波动。临界状态是一个例外，<font color = 'red'><s>它以肉眼显示出</s></font><font color = 'blue'>肉眼可以观察到</font>临界'''<font color = '#ff8000'>乳光现象opalescence</font>'''。对于临界状态的实验室研究，需要非常长的观察时间。
In all cases, the assumption of [[thermodynamic equilibrium]], once made, implies as a consequence that no putative candidate "fluctuation" alters the entropy of the system.
In all cases, the assumption of [[thermodynamic equilibrium]], once made, implies as a consequence that no putative candidate "fluctuation" alters the entropy of the system.
In all cases, the assumption of thermodynamic equilibrium, once made, implies as a consequence that no putative candidate "fluctuation" alters the entropy of the system.
In all cases, the assumption of thermodynamic equilibrium, once made, implies as a consequence <font color = 'green'>that no putative candidate "fluctuation" alters the entropy of the system.</font>
在所有情况下，一旦<font color = 'red'><s>完成</s></font><font color = 'blue'>做出</font>了热力学平衡的假设，就<font color = 'blue'>作为一个结果</font>意味着假定<font color = 'blue'>中的</font>能改变系统熵的<font color = 'red'><s>“fluctuation”（待定的波动因子）</s></font><font color = 'blue'>候选波动</font>不存在。
There are intermediate cases, in which the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium is a very good approximation, but strictly speaking it is still an approximation, not theoretically ideal.
There are intermediate cases, in which the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium is a very good approximation, but strictly speaking it is still an approximation, not theoretically ideal.
还有一些中间情况，其中局部热力学平衡的假设是一个非常好的近似<font color = 'red'><s>值</s></font>，但严格地说它仍然是一个近似值，不是理论上的理想值。
For non-equilibrium situations in general, it may be useful to consider statistical mechanical definitions of other quantities that may be conveniently called 'entropy', but they should not be confused or conflated with thermodynamic entropy properly defined for the second law. These other quantities indeed belong to statistical mechanics, not to thermodynamics, the primary realm of the second law.
For non-equilibrium situations in general, it may be useful to consider statistical mechanical definitions of other quantities that may be conveniently called 'entropy', but they should not be confused or conflated with thermodynamic entropy properly defined for the second law. These other quantities indeed belong to statistical mechanics, not to thermodynamics, the primary realm of the second law.
对于一般的非平衡状态，考虑其他量的统计力学定义可能是有用的，这些量可以方便地称为“熵”，但是它们不应该与第二定律正确定义的熵混淆<font color = 'blue'>或合并</font>。这些其他量确实属于统计力学，而不属于第二定律的主要领域——热力学。