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第118行：
第118行： − 分支度是指一个对象有多少个直接的下级或子级(在图论中，相当于一个有向图中通过外向弧连接的其他顶点的数量)。层次结构可以根据“最大程度”进行分类，这是整个系统中存在的最高程度。以这种方式进行分类可以得到两大类: 线性和分支。+ 第126行：
第126行： − 在一个线性层次结构中，按 wp: r # pla，这应该是粗体 > ，最大程度是1。换句话说，所有的对象都可以在一个列表中可视化，每个对象(不包括顶部和底部的对象)只有一个直接下属和一个直接上级。注意，这指的是对象而不是级别; 每个层次结构对于级别都有这个属性，但通常每个级别可以有无限个对象。线性等级的一个例子是生命的等级。+ 第134行：
第134行： − 在一个分支层次结构中，按照 wp: r # pla，这应该是粗体 > ，一个或多个对象具有2或更高的度(因此最小度为2或更高)。对于许多人来说，“层次”这个词自动唤起了分支层次结构的想象。分支层次结构存在于许多系统中，包括组织和分类方案。分支层次的广义范畴可以根据程度进一步细分。+ 第142行：
第142行： − 按照 wp: r # pla，这应该是粗体的扁平层次结构 < ! ! -- 是一个分支层次结构，其中最大度接近无穷大，也就是说，它的跨度很大。最常见的情况是，直观上被认为是分层的系统最多只有一个中等的跨度。因此，平面层次结构通常根本不被视为层次结构。例如，钻石和石墨是由许多碳原子组成的扁平层次结构，这些碳原子可以进一步分解成亚原子粒子。+ 第150行：
第150行： − 重叠的层次结构 < ! -- 按照 wp: r # pla，这应该是粗体 -- > 是一个分支层次结构，其中至少有一个对象具有两个父对象。例如，一个研究生可以有两个联合主管，学生可以直接和平等地向他们汇报工作，而且他们在大学等级制度中的权力水平相同(即，他们拥有相同的职位或终身职位)。+
→支化度 Degree of branching
Degree of branching refers to the number of direct subordinates or children an object has (in graph theory, equivalent to the number of other vertices connected to via outgoing arcs, in a directed graph) a node has. Hierarchies can be categorized based on the "maximum degree", the highest degree present in the system as a whole. Categorization in this way yields two broad classes: linear and branching.
Degree of branching refers to the number of direct subordinates or children an object has (in graph theory, equivalent to the number of other vertices connected to via outgoing arcs, in a directed graph) a node has. Hierarchies can be categorized based on the "maximum degree", the highest degree present in the system as a whole. Categorization in this way yields two broad classes: linear and branching.
支化度是指对象所有直接下级或子项的数量（在图论中，即有向图通过外向弧所连接的顶点数）。层次可按其“最大度”分类，系统中支化度的最高值表示系统整体，这种分类方式分化出两个分野：线性和支化。
In a linear hierarchy<!--per WP:R#PLA, this SHOULD be bold-->, the maximum degree is 1. In other words, all of the objects can be visualized in a line-up, and each object (excluding the top and bottom ones) has exactly one direct subordinate and one direct superior. Note that this is referring to the objects and not the levels; every hierarchy has this property with respect to levels, but normally each level can have an infinite number of objects. An example of a linear hierarchy is the hierarchy of life.
In a linear hierarchy<!--per WP:R#PLA, this SHOULD be bold-->, the maximum degree is 1. In other words, all of the objects can be visualized in a line-up, and each object (excluding the top and bottom ones) has exactly one direct subordinate and one direct superior. Note that this is referring to the objects and not the levels; every hierarchy has this property with respect to levels, but normally each level can have an infinite number of objects. An example of a linear hierarchy is the hierarchy of life.
线性层次结构的最大度是1。即所有对象都可呈现在一个列表中，每个对象(顶部和底部的除外)只有一个直接下级和一个直接上级。注意，这里说的是对象而不是级别；就级别而言每个层次结构都有这种属性，但每个级别通常可以有无限个对象。生命层次结构就是线性层次的一个例子。
In a branching hierarchy<!--per WP:R#PLA, this SHOULD be bold-->, one or more objects has a degree of 2 or more (and therefore the minimum degree is 2 or higher). For many people, the word "hierarchy" automatically evokes an image of a branching hierarchy. Branching hierarchies are present within numerous systems, including organizations and classification schemes. The broad category of branching hierarchies can be further subdivided based on the degree.
In a branching hierarchy<!--per WP:R#PLA, this SHOULD be bold-->, one or more objects has a degree of 2 or more (and therefore the minimum degree is 2 or higher). For many people, the word "hierarchy" automatically evokes an image of a branching hierarchy. Branching hierarchies are present within numerous systems, including organizations and classification schemes. The broad category of branching hierarchies can be further subdivided based on the degree.
在分支层次结构中，至少有一个对象的支化度在2或以上（即支化度下限是2或更高）。对许多人来说，“层次”这个词自动唤起了支化层次结构的印象。支化层次存在于很多系统中，包括组织、分类法。广义上的分支层次可据其分支度进一步细分。
A flat hierarchy<!--per WP:R#PLA, this SHOULD be bold--> is a branching hierarchy in which the maximum degree approaches infinity, i.e., that has a wide span. Most often, systems intuitively regarded as hierarchical have at most a moderate span. Therefore, a flat hierarchy is often not viewed as a hierarchy at all. For example, diamonds and graphite are flat hierarchies of numerous carbon atoms that can be further decomposed into subatomic particles.
A flat hierarchy<!--per WP:R#PLA, this SHOULD be bold--> is a branching hierarchy in which the maximum degree approaches infinity, i.e., that has a wide span. Most often, systems intuitively regarded as hierarchical have at most a moderate span. Therefore, a flat hierarchy is often not viewed as a hierarchy at all. For example, diamonds and graphite are flat hierarchies of numerous carbon atoms that can be further decomposed into subatomic particles.
扁平层次是指最大度接近无穷的支化层次结构，例如跨度很大的层次结构。分层系统一般最多只有中等的跨度，故扁平层次结构通常根本不被视为层次结构。例如钻石和石墨是由许多碳原子组成的扁平层次结构，而这些碳原子可进一步分解为亚原子粒子。
An overlapping hierarchy<!--per WP:R#PLA, this SHOULD be bold--> is a branching hierarchy in which at least one object has two parent objects. For example, a graduate student can have two co-supervisors to whom the student reports directly and equally, and who have the same level of authority within the university hierarchy (i.e., they have the same position or tenure status).
An overlapping hierarchy<!--per WP:R#PLA, this SHOULD be bold--> is a branching hierarchy in which at least one object has two parent objects. For example, a graduate student can have two co-supervisors to whom the student reports directly and equally, and who have the same level of authority within the university hierarchy (i.e., they have the same position or tenure status).
重叠的层次结构是指其中至少有一个对象具有两个父级对象的分支层次结构。例如，一个研究生可以有两个联合主管，学生可同等地直接向他们汇报，且二人在大学层级制度中具有同等的权力水平(例如他们都拥有相同的职位或任期)。
==术语历史 History of the term==
==术语历史 History of the term==