更改

* D. '''<font color='#ff8000'>决策Decision</font>'''：公开个人感受、意图

* D. '''<font color='#ff8000'>决策Decision</font>'''：公开个人感受与意图

* F.  '''<font color='#ff8000'>自由意志Free will</font>'''：任何物种，不论类别、种族、性别、信条、信仰、遗传、'''<font color='#32cd32'>结构make</font>'''、模式或感知觉，都有能力支配自己的存在而不受控制。”自由选择如何在没有歧视和干涉的情况下生活。”

* F.  '''<font color='#ff8000'>自由意志Free will</font>'''：任何物种，不论类别、种族、性别、教义、信仰、遗传、'''<font color='#32cd32'>结构make</font>'''、模式或知觉，都有能力支配自己的存在而不受他人控制。”自由选择如何在没有歧视和干涉的情况下生活。”

   

   

Sociocybernetics can be defined as "Systems Science in Sociology and Other Social Sciences" – systems science, because sociocybernetics is not limited to theory but includes application, empirical research, methodology, axiology (i.e., ethics and value research), and epistemology. In general use, "systems theory" and "cybernetics" are frequently interchangeable or appear in combination. Hence, they can be considered as synonyms, although the two terms come from different traditions and are not used uniformly in different languages and national traditions. Sociocybernetics includes both what are called first order cybernetics and second order cybernetics. Cybernetics, according to Wiener's original definition, is the science of "control and communication in the animal and the machine". Heinz von Foerster went on to distinguish a first order cybernetics, "the study of observed systems", and a second order cybernetics, "the study of observing systems". Second order cybernetics is explicitly based on a constructivist epistemology and is concerned with issues of self-reference, paying particular attention to the observer-dependence of knowledge, including scientific theories. In the interdisciplinary and holistic spirit of systems science, although sociology is clearly at the centre of interest of sociocybernetics, the other social sciences, such as psychology, anthropology, political science, economics, are addressed as well, with emphases depending on the particular research question to be dealt with.

Sociocybernetics can be defined as "Systems Science in Sociology and Other Social Sciences" – systems science, because sociocybernetics is not limited to theory but includes application, empirical research, methodology, axiology (i.e., ethics and value research), and epistemology. In general use, "systems theory" and "cybernetics" are frequently interchangeable or appear in combination. Hence, they can be considered as synonyms, although the two terms come from different traditions and are not used uniformly in different languages and national traditions. Sociocybernetics includes both what are called first order cybernetics and second order cybernetics. Cybernetics, according to Wiener's original definition, is the science of "control and communication in the animal and the machine". Heinz von Foerster went on to distinguish a first order cybernetics, "the study of observed systems", and a second order cybernetics, "the study of observing systems". Second order cybernetics is explicitly based on a constructivist epistemology and is concerned with issues of self-reference, paying particular attention to the observer-dependence of knowledge, including scientific theories. In the interdisciplinary and holistic spirit of systems science, although sociology is clearly at the centre of interest of sociocybernetics, the other social sciences, such as psychology, anthropology, political science, economics, are addressed as well, with emphases depending on the particular research question to be dealt with.

社会控制论可以被定义为“社会学和其他社会科学中的系统科学”-系统科学，因为社会控制论并不局限于理论，还包括应用、实证研究、方法论、价值论（即伦理和'''<font color='#ff8000'>价值研究value research</font>'''）以及认识论。一般来说，“系统论”和“控制论”经常可以互换，或者组合起来出现。因此，它们可以被视为同义词，尽管这两个术语来自不同的传统，而且在不同的语言和民族传统中的使用也不一致。社会控制论包括'''<font color='#ff8000'>一阶控制论first order cybernetics</font>'''和'''<font color='#ff8000'>二阶控制论second order cybernetics</font>'''。根据'''<font color='#ff8000'>维纳Wiener</font>'''最初的定义，控制论是“在动物和机器中的控制和交流”的科学。Heinz von Foerster 继续区分了一阶控制论，即“对被观察的系统的研究” ，和二阶控制论，即“对系统的观察过程的研究”。二阶控制论明确地以'''<font color='#ff8000'>建构主义认识论constructivist epistemology</font>'''为基础，关注'''<font color='#ff8000'>自我参照self-reference</font>'''的问题，特别关注知识（包括科学理论）的'''<font color='#ff8000'>观察者依赖性observer-dependence</font>'''。在系统科学具有的跨学科和整体的精神中，尽管社会学显然处于社会控制论的兴趣中心，但其他社会科学，如心理学、人类学、政治科学、经济学，也被关注。兴趣的重点取决于要处理的具体研究问题。

社会控制论可以被定义为“社会学和其他社会科学中的系统科学”-系统科学，因为社会控制论并不局限于理论，还包括应用、经验主义研究、方法论、价值论（即伦理和'''<font color='#ff8000'>价值研究value research</font>'''）以及认识论。一般来说，“系统论”和“控制论”经常可以互换，或者组合起来出现。因此，它们可以被视为同义词，尽管这两个术语出自不同的传统，而且在不同的语言和民族传统中的用法也不一致。社会控制论包括'''<font color='#ff8000'>一阶控制论first order cybernetics</font>'''和'''<font color='#ff8000'>二阶控制论second order cybernetics</font>'''。根据'''<font color='#ff8000'>维纳Wiener</font>'''最初的定义，控制论是研究“在动物和机器中的控制和交流”的科学。Heinz von Foerster 继续区分了一阶控制论，即“对被观测系统的研究” ，和二阶控制论，即“对观测系统的过程的研究”。二阶控制论明确地以'''<font color='#ff8000'>建构主义认识论constructivist epistemology</font>'''为基础，涉及'''<font color='#ff8000'>自我参照self-reference</font>'''的问题，特别关注知识（包括科学理论）的'''<font color='#ff8000'>观察者依赖性observer-dependence</font>'''。在系统科学具有的跨学科和整体的精神中，尽管社会学明显处于社会控制论的兴趣中心，但其他社会科学，如心理学、人类学、政治科学、经济学，也同样被关注，而重点则取决于要处理的具体问题。

Recent research from the Santa Fe Institute presents the idea that social systems like cities don't behave like organisms as has been proposed by some in sociocybernetics.

Recent research from the Santa Fe Institute presents the idea that social systems like cities don't behave like organisms as has been proposed by some in sociocybernetics.

'''<font color='#ff8000'>圣塔菲研究所the Santa Fe Institute</font>'''最近的研究表明，像城市这样的社会系统并不像在社会控制论中提出的有些有机体那样运作。

'''<font color='#ff8000'>圣塔菲研究所the Santa Fe Institute</font>'''最近的研究表明，像城市这样的社会系统并不像在社会控制论中提出的有机体那样运作。