Qian became the subject of five years of secret diplomacy and negotiation between the U.S. and China. During this time, he lived under constant surveillance with the permission to teach without any classified research duties.<ref name="caltech1" /> Qian received support from his colleagues at Caltech during his incarceration, including president [[Lee DuBridge]], who flew to Washington to argue Qian's case. Caltech appointed attorney [[Grant Cooper (attorney)|Grant Cooper]] to defend Qian. | Qian became the subject of five years of secret diplomacy and negotiation between the U.S. and China. During this time, he lived under constant surveillance with the permission to teach without any classified research duties.<ref name="caltech1" /> Qian received support from his colleagues at Caltech during his incarceration, including president [[Lee DuBridge]], who flew to Washington to argue Qian's case. Caltech appointed attorney [[Grant Cooper (attorney)|Grant Cooper]] to defend Qian. |