| The results show that in the simple example shown in Figure (b), by maximizing <math>\mathrm{\Psi}</math> through the model constructed in Figure a, the experiment finds that the learned <math>\mathrm{\Psi}</math> is approximately equal to the true groundtruth <math>\mathrm{\Psi}</math>, verifying the effectiveness of model learning. This system can correctly judge the occurrence of causal emergence. However, this method also has the problem of being difficult to deal with complex multivariate situations. This is because the number of neural networks on the right side of the figure is proportional to the number of macroscopic and microscopic variable pairs. Therefore, the more the number of microscopic variables (dimensions), the more the number of neural networks will increase proportionally, which will lead to an increase in computational complexity. In addition, this method is only tested on very few cases, so it cannot be scaled up yet. Finally, more importantly, because the network calculates the approximate index of causal emergence and obtains a sufficient but not necessary condition for emergence, the various drawbacks of the above approximate algorithm will be inherited by this method. | | The results show that in the simple example shown in Figure (b), by maximizing <math>\mathrm{\Psi}</math> through the model constructed in Figure a, the experiment finds that the learned <math>\mathrm{\Psi}</math> is approximately equal to the true groundtruth <math>\mathrm{\Psi}</math>, verifying the effectiveness of model learning. This system can correctly judge the occurrence of causal emergence. However, this method also has the problem of being difficult to deal with complex multivariate situations. This is because the number of neural networks on the right side of the figure is proportional to the number of macroscopic and microscopic variable pairs. Therefore, the more the number of microscopic variables (dimensions), the more the number of neural networks will increase proportionally, which will lead to an increase in computational complexity. In addition, this method is only tested on very few cases, so it cannot be scaled up yet. Finally, more importantly, because the network calculates the approximate index of causal emergence and obtains a sufficient but not necessary condition for emergence, the various drawbacks of the above approximate algorithm will be inherited by this method. |