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第193行： − “数据科学”这一术语可以追溯到1974年，在1974年，彼得·诺尔 Peter Naur出版了《计算机方法简明调查》，在这本书对同时代被广泛应用的数据处理方法的调查中，他很自然地使用了“数据科学”这一术语，<ref name=":0">+
→Early usage
The term “data science” has been traced back to 1974, when [[Peter Naur]] proposed it as an alternative name for computer science.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=CaoLongbing|date=2017-06-29|title=Data Science|journal=ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)|volume=50|issue=3|pages=1–42|language=EN|doi=10.1145/3076253|doi-access=free}}</ref> In 1996, the International Federation of Classification Societies became the first conference to specifically feature data science as a topic.<ref name=":0" /> However, the definition was still in flux. In 1997, [[C.F. Jeff Wu]] suggested that statistics should be renamed data science. He reasoned that a new name would help statistics shed inaccurate stereotypes, such as being synonymous with accounting, or limited to describing data.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.isye.gatech.edu/~jeffwu/presentations/datascience.pdf|title=Statistics=Data Science?|last=Wu|first=C.F. Jeff|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=April 2, 2020}}</ref> In 1998, Chikio Hayashi argued for data science as a new, interdisciplinary concept, with three aspects: data design, collection, and analysis.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Murtagh|first=Fionn|last2=Devlin|first2=Keith|date=2018|title=The Development of Data Science: Implications for Education, Employment, Research, and the Data Revolution for Sustainable Development|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/2/2/14|journal=Big Data and Cognitive Computing|language=en|volume=2|issue=2|pages=14|doi=10.3390/bdcc2020014|via=|doi-access=free}}</ref>
The term “data science” has been traced back to 1974, when [[Peter Naur]] proposed it as an alternative name for computer science.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=CaoLongbing|date=2017-06-29|title=Data Science|journal=ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)|volume=50|issue=3|pages=1–42|language=EN|doi=10.1145/3076253|doi-access=free}}</ref> In 1996, the International Federation of Classification Societies became the first conference to specifically feature data science as a topic.<ref name=":0" /> However, the definition was still in flux. In 1997, [[C.F. Jeff Wu]] suggested that statistics should be renamed data science. He reasoned that a new name would help statistics shed inaccurate stereotypes, such as being synonymous with accounting, or limited to describing data.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.isye.gatech.edu/~jeffwu/presentations/datascience.pdf|title=Statistics=Data Science?|last=Wu|first=C.F. Jeff|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=April 2, 2020}}</ref> In 1998, Chikio Hayashi argued for data science as a new, interdisciplinary concept, with three aspects: data design, collection, and analysis.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Murtagh|first=Fionn|last2=Devlin|first2=Keith|date=2018|title=The Development of Data Science: Implications for Education, Employment, Research, and the Data Revolution for Sustainable Development|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2504-2289/2/2/14|journal=Big Data and Cognitive Computing|language=en|volume=2|issue=2|pages=14|doi=10.3390/bdcc2020014|via=|doi-access=free}}</ref>
“数据科学”这一术语可以追溯到1974年，当时彼得·诺尔（Peter Naur）将其作为计算机科学的替代名称提出。<ref name=":0">
{{Cite journal|last=CaoLongbing|date=2017-06-29|title=Data Science|journal=ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)|volume=50|issue=3|pages=1–42|language=EN|doi=10.1145/3076253|doi-access=free}}
{{Cite journal|last=CaoLongbing|date=2017-06-29|title=Data Science|journal=ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)|volume=50|issue=3|pages=1–42|language=EN|doi=10.1145/3076253|doi-access=free}}
</ref> 1996年，国际船级社联合会 the International Federation of Classification Societies成为第一个以数据科学为专题的会议。<ref>
</ref> 1996年，国际船级社联合会 the International Federation of Classification Societies成为第一个以数据科学为专题的会议。<ref>