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Agent environments can also be organized according to properties such as accessibility (whether it is possible to gather complete information about the environment), determinism (whether an action causes a definite effect), dynamics (how many entities influence the environment in the moment), discreteness (whether the number of possible actions in the environment is finite), episodicity (whether agent actions in certain time periods influence other periods), and dimensionality (whether spatial characteristics are important factors of the environment and the agent considers space in its decision making). Agent actions are typically mediated via an appropriate middleware. This middleware offers a first-class design abstraction for multi-agent systems, providing means to govern resource access and agent coordination.
Agent environments can also be organized according to properties such as accessibility (whether it is possible to gather complete information about the environment), determinism (whether an action causes a definite effect), dynamics (how many entities influence the environment in the moment), discreteness (whether the number of possible actions in the environment is finite), episodicity (whether agent actions in certain time periods influence other periods), and dimensionality (whether spatial characteristics are important factors of the environment and the agent considers space in its decision making). Agent actions are typically mediated via an appropriate middleware. This middleware offers a first-class design abstraction for multi-agent systems, providing means to govern resource access and agent coordination.
我们也可以从如下角度考察主体所处的环境，如：可知性（是否可以搜集到关于环境的完整信息）、确定性（行为造成的影响是否是确定的）、动态性（同一时刻有多少主体影响环境）、离散性（主体可以采取的行动是否是有限的）、时序性（主体在某一特定时段内的行为是否影响其它时段）、维度性（环境是否具有鲜明的空间特征，以及主体在做决策时是否考虑空间因素）。主体的行为通常收到中间件的调控。中间件使得人们可以管理可用资源、调控主体，及大地方便了人们对于多主体系统进行抽象设计。
=== Characteristics ===
=== 特征 ===
The agents in a multi-agent system have several important characteristics:
The agents in a multi-agent system have several important characteristics:
多主体系统中的主体有如下几个重要特征: