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Schrödinger's cat: a cat, a flask of poison, and a [[radioactive source are placed in a sealed box. If an internal monitor (e.g. Geiger counter) detects radioactivity (i.e. a single atom decaying), the flask is shattered, releasing the poison, which kills the cat. The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics implies that after a while, the cat is simultaneously alive and dead. Yet, when one looks in the box, one sees the cat either alive or dead, not both alive and dead.  This poses the question of when exactly quantum superposition ends and reality collapses into one possibility or the other.]]

Schrödinger's cat: a cat, a flask of poison, and a [[radioactive source are placed in a sealed box. If an internal monitor (e.g. Geiger counter) detects radioactivity (i.e. a single atom decaying), the flask is shattered, releasing the poison, which kills the cat. The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics implies that after a while, the cat is simultaneously alive and dead. Yet, when one looks in the box, one sees the cat either alive or dead, not both alive and dead.  This poses the question of when exactly quantum superposition ends and reality collapses into one possibility or the other.]]

薛定谔的猫：将一只猫，一瓶毒药和放射源放置在密封的盒子里。如果内部监测器（例如盖革计数器）检测到放射性（即单个原子衰变），则烧瓶会破碎，释放出毒药，从而杀死猫。量子力学的'''<font color="ff8000">哥本哈根诠释Copenhagen interpretation</font>'''表明，一段时间之后，这只猫既是死的又是活的。然而，当人们往箱子里看时，看到的猫不是活着的就是死了的，而不是既活着又死了的猫。这就提出了一个问题，即确切的量子叠加何时结束而现实何时塌陷成一种或另一种可能性。

薛定谔的猫：将一只猫，一瓶毒药和放射源放置在密封的盒子里。如果内部监测器（例如盖革计数器）检测到放射性（即单个原子衰变），则烧瓶会破碎，释放出毒药，从而杀死猫。量子力学的'''<font color="ff8000">哥本哈根诠释Copenhagen interpretation</font>'''表明，一段时间之后，这只猫既是死的又是活的。然而，当人们往箱子里看时，看到的猫不是活着的就是死了的，而不是既活着又死了的猫。这就提出了一个问题，即确切的量子叠加何时结束而现实何时塌陷成一种或另一种可能性。<br>

 

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'''Schrödinger's cat''' is a [[thought experiment]], sometimes described as a [[paradox]], devised by Austrian physicist [[Erwin Schrödinger]] in 1935, though the idea originated from [[Albert Einstein]].<ref name="Schrodinger1935">

薛定谔的猫是一个'''<font color="ff8000">思维实验thought experiment</font>'''，有时被称为'''<font color="ff8000">悖论paradox</font>'''，由奥地利物理学家埃尔温·薛定谔于1935年提出，尽管该想法起源于阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦。

薛定谔的猫是一个'''<font color="ff8000">思维实验thought experiment</font>'''，有时被称为'''<font color="ff8000">悖论paradox</font>'''，由奥地利物理学家埃尔温·薛定谔于1935年提出，尽管该想法起源于阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦。

Schrödinger's cat is a thought experiment, sometimes described as a paradox, devised by Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger in 1935, though the idea originated from Albert Einstein.<ref name="Schrodinger1935">

Schrödinger's cat is a thought experiment, sometimes described as a paradox, devised by Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger in 1935, though the idea originated from Albert Einstein.<ref name="Schrodinger1935"><br>

 

薛定谔的猫是一个'''<font color="ff8000">思维实验thought experiment</font>'''，有时被称为'''<font color="ff8000">悖论paradox</font>'''，由奥地利物理学家埃尔温·薛定谔于1935年提出，尽管该想法起源于阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦。

薛定谔的猫是一个'''<font color="ff8000">思维实验thought experiment</font>'''，有时被称为'''<font color="ff8000">悖论paradox</font>'''，由奥地利物理学家埃尔温·薛定谔于1935年提出，尽管该想法起源于阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦。

日期: 1935年11月}

日期: 1935年11月}

</ref> It illustrates what he saw as the problem of the [[Copenhagen interpretation]] of [[quantum mechanics]] applied to everyday objects. The scenario presents a hypothetical [[cat]] that may be simultaneously both alive and dead,<ref name="Moring">{{cite book

</ref> <br>

 

It illustrates what he saw as the problem of the [[Copenhagen interpretation]] of [[quantum mechanics]] applied to everyday objects. The scenario presents a hypothetical [[cat]] that may be simultaneously both alive and dead,<ref name="Moring"><br>

它说明了他所看到的将'''<font color="ff8000">量子力学quantum mechanics</font>'''的哥本哈根诠释应用于日常物品所产生的问题。这个场景呈现了一只假想的猫，它可能同时活着和死去。ref name"moring"{ cite book<br>

</ref>它说明了他所看到的将'''<font color="ff8000">量子力学quantum mechanics</font>'''的哥本哈根诠释应用于日常物品所产生的问题。这个场景呈现了一只假想的猫，它可能同时活着和死去。ref name"moring"{ cite book<br>

   ——Solitude（讨论）该句意译

   ——Solitude（讨论）该句意译

</ref> It illustrates what he saw as the problem of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics applied to everyday objects. The scenario presents a hypothetical cat that may be simultaneously both alive and dead,<ref name="Moring">{{cite book

</ref> <br>

It illustrates what he saw as the problem of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics applied to everyday objects. The scenario presents a hypothetical cat that may be simultaneously both alive and dead,<ref name="Moring">{{cite book<br>

它说明了他所看到的将'''<font color="ff8000">量子力学quantum mechanics</font>'''的哥本哈根诠释应用于日常物品所产生的问题。这个场景呈现了一只假想的猫，它可能同时活着和死去。ref name"moring"{ cite book<br>

它说明了他所看到的将'''<font color="ff8000">量子力学quantum mechanics</font>'''的哥本哈根诠释应用于日常物品所产生的问题。这个场景呈现了一只假想的猫，它可能同时活着和死去。ref name"moring"{ cite book<br>

   ——Solitude（讨论）该句意译

   ——Solitude（讨论）该句意译

}}</ref> a state known as a [[quantum superposition]], as a result of being linked to a random [[Subatomic particle|subatomic]] event that may or may not occur.

}}</ref> a state known as a [[quantum superposition]], as a result of being linked to a random [[Subatomic particle|subatomic]] event that may or may not occur.

}}</ref> a state known as a quantum superposition, as a result of being linked to a random subatomic event that may or may not occur.

}}</ref> a state known as a '''<font color="#ff8000">量子叠加quantum superposition</font>''', as a result of being linked to a random subatomic event that may or may not occur.<br>

 

一种被称为量子叠加的状态，是与可能或不可能发生的随机亚原子时间相联系的结果。

} / ref 一种被称为量子叠加的状态，是与可能或不可能发生的随机亚原子时间相联系的结果。

The thought experiment is also often featured in theoretical discussions of the [[interpretations of quantum mechanics]], particularly in situations involving the [[measurement problem]]. Schrödinger coined the term ''Verschränkung'' ([[Quantum entanglement|entanglement]]) in the course of developing the thought experiment.{{Quantum mechanics|cTopic=Experiments}}

The thought experiment is also often featured in theoretical discussions of the [[interpretations of quantum mechanics]], particularly in situations involving the [[measurement problem]]. Schrödinger coined the term ''Verschränkung'' ([[Quantum entanglement|entanglement]]) in the course of developing the thought experiment.{{Quantum mechanics|cTopic=Experiments}}

The thought experiment is also often featured in theoretical discussions of the interpretations of quantum mechanics, particularly in situations involving the measurement problem. Schrödinger coined the term Verschränkung (entanglement) in the course of developing the thought experiment.

The thought experiment is also often featured in theoretical discussions of the interpretations of quantum mechanics, particularly in situations involving the '''<font color="#ff8000">测量问题measurement problem</font>'''. Schrödinger coined the term Verschränkung ('''<font color="#ff8000">量子纠缠entanglement</font>''') in the course of developing the thought experiment.

[[File:Schroedinger cat.jpg|thumb|left|A life-size—and moveable—cat figure in the garden of Huttenstrasse 9, Zurich, where Erwin Schrödinger lived 1921–1926. A visitor to the house cannot know in advance where the cat will be.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Suarez |first1=Antoine |title=The limits of quantum superposition: Should "Schrödinger's cat" and "Wigner's friend" be considered "miracle" narratives? |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334031988 |website=ResearchGate |accessdate=27 February 2020 |page=3 |date=2019}}</ref>]]

[[File:Schroedinger cat.jpg|thumb|left|A life-size—and moveable—cat figure in the garden of Huttenstrasse 9, Zurich, where Erwin Schrödinger lived 1921–1926. A visitor to the house cannot know in advance where the cat will be.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Suarez |first1=Antoine |title=The limits of quantum superposition: Should "Schrödinger's cat" and "Wigner's friend" be considered "miracle" narratives? |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334031988 |website=ResearchGate |accessdate=27 February 2020 |page=3 |date=2019}}</ref>]]<br>

 

埃尔温·薛定谔1921年至1926年间在苏黎世所居住的Huttenstrasse 9号的花园里有一个真人大小、可移动的猫形雕像。来这里拜访的客人是无法提前知道猫的位置的。

埃尔温·薛定谔1921年至1926年间在苏黎世所居住的Huttenstrasse 9号的花园里有一个真人大小、可移动的猫形雕像。来这里拜访的客人是无法提前知道猫的位置的。

A life-size—and moveable—cat figure in the garden of Huttenstrasse 9, Zurich, where Erwin Schrödinger lived 1921–1926. A visitor to the house cannot know in advance where the cat will be.

A life-size—and moveable—cat figure in the garden of Huttenstrasse 9, Zurich, where Erwin Schrödinger lived 1921–1926. A visitor to the house cannot know in advance where the cat will be.

Schrödinger intended his thought experiment as a discussion of the EPR article—named after its authors Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen—in 1935. The EPR article highlighted the counterintuitive nature of quantum superpositions, in which a quantum system such as an atom or photon can exist as a combination of multiple states corresponding to different possible outcomes.

Schrödinger intended his thought experiment as a discussion of the EPR article—named after its authors Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen—in 1935. The EPR article highlighted the counterintuitive nature of quantum superpositions, in which a quantum system such as an atom or photon can exist as a combination of multiple states corresponding to different possible outcomes.

薛定谔打算把他的思维实验作为对 EPR 文章（以其作者爱因斯坦、波多尔斯基和罗森的名字命名）的讨论在1935年进行了讨论。EPR文章强调了量子叠加的反直觉性质，在量子叠加中，一个量子系统，比如原子或者光子，可以作为对应不同可能结果的多个状态的组合而存在。

薛定谔打算把他的思维实验作为对'''<font color="#ff8000">电子顺磁共振EPR</font>'''文章（以其作者爱因斯坦、波多尔斯基和罗森的名字命名）的讨论在1935年进行了讨论。EPR文章强调了量子叠加的反直觉性质，在量子叠加中，一个量子系统，比如原子或者光子，可以作为对应不同可能结果的多个状态的组合而存在。

However, since Schrödinger's time, other [[interpretations of quantum mechanics|interpretations of the mathematics of quantum mechanics]] have been advanced by physicists, some of which regard the "alive and dead" cat superposition as quite real.<ref name="Polkinghorne" /><ref name="Tetlow" />    Intended as a critique of the Copenhagen interpretation (the prevailing orthodoxy in 1935), the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment remains a defining [[Touchstone (metaphor)|touchstone]] for modern interpretations of quantum mechanics. Physicists often use the way each interpretation deals with Schrödinger's cat as a way of illustrating and comparing the particular features, strengths, and weaknesses of each interpretation.

However, since Schrödinger's time, other [[interpretations of quantum mechanics|interpretations of the mathematics of quantum mechanics]] have been advanced by physicists, some of which regard the "alive and dead" cat superposition as quite real.<ref name="Polkinghorne" /><ref name="Tetlow" />    Intended as a critique of the Copenhagen interpretation (the prevailing orthodoxy in 1935), the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment remains a defining [[Touchstone (metaphor)|touchstone]] for modern interpretations of quantum mechanics. Physicists often use the way each interpretation deals with Schrödinger's cat as a way of illustrating and comparing the particular features, strengths, and weaknesses of each interpretation.

However, since Schrödinger's time, other interpretations of the mathematics of quantum mechanics have been advanced by physicists, some of which regard the "alive and dead" cat superposition as quite real.    Intended as a critique of the Copenhagen interpretation (the prevailing orthodoxy in 1935), the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment remains a defining touchstone for modern interpretations of quantum mechanics. Physicists often use the way each interpretation deals with Schrödinger's cat as a way of illustrating and comparing the particular features, strengths, and weaknesses of each interpretation.

However, since Schrödinger's time, other '''<font color="#ff8000">量子力学数学interpretations of the mathematics of quantum mechanics</font>''' have been advanced by physicists, some of which regard the "alive and dead" cat superposition as quite real.    Intended as a critique of the Copenhagen interpretation (the prevailing orthodoxy in 1935), the Schrödinger's cat thought experiment remains a defining touchstone for modern interpretations of quantum mechanics. Physicists often use the way each interpretation deals with Schrödinger's cat as a way of illustrating and comparing the particular features, strengths, and weaknesses of each interpretation.

但是，自从薛定谔时代以来，物理学家对量子力学数学进行了其他解释，其中一些解释认为“活死”的猫叠加是十分真实的。作为对哥本哈根诠释的批判(1935年盛行的正统观念) ，薛定谔的猫思维实验仍然是现代量子力学诠释的决定性的试金石。物理学家经常使用每种解释处理薛定谔猫的方式来说明和比较每种解释的特点、优缺点。

但是，自从薛定谔时代以来，物理学家对量子力学数学进行了其他解释，其中一些解释认为“活死”的猫叠加是十分真实的。作为对哥本哈根诠释的批判(1935年盛行的正统观念) ，薛定谔的猫思维实验仍然是现代量子力学诠释的决定性的试金石。物理学家经常使用每种解释处理薛定谔猫的方式来说明和比较每种解释的特点、优缺点。

One can even set up quite ridiculous cases.  A cat is penned up in a steel chamber, along with the following device (which must be secured against direct interference by the cat): in a [[Geiger counter]], there is a tiny bit of radioactive substance, so small, that perhaps in the course of the hour one of the atoms decays, but also, with equal probability, perhaps none; if it happens, the counter tube discharges and through a relay releases a hammer that shatters a small flask of [[hydrocyanic acid]]. If one has left this entire system to itself for an hour, one would say that the cat still lives if meanwhile no atom has [[radioactive decay|decayed]]. The first atomic decay would have poisoned it. The [[wave function|psi-function]] of the entire system would express this by having in it the living and dead cat (pardon the expression) mixed or smeared out in equal parts.

One can even set up quite ridiculous cases.  A cat is penned up in a steel chamber, along with the following device (which must be secured against direct interference by the cat): in a [[Geiger counter]], there is a tiny bit of radioactive substance, so small, that perhaps in the course of the hour one of the atoms decays, but also, with equal probability, perhaps none; if it happens, the counter tube discharges and through a relay releases a hammer that shatters a small flask of [[hydrocyanic acid]]. If one has left this entire system to itself for an hour, one would say that the cat still lives if meanwhile no atom has [[radioactive decay|decayed]]. The first atomic decay would have poisoned it. The [[wave function|psi-function]] of the entire system would express this by having in it the living and dead cat (pardon the expression) mixed or smeared out in equal parts.

One can even set up quite ridiculous cases.  A cat is penned up in a steel chamber, along with the following device (which must be secured against direct interference by the cat): in a Geiger counter, there is a tiny bit of radioactive substance, so small, that perhaps in the course of the hour one of the atoms decays, but also, with equal probability, perhaps none; if it happens, the counter tube discharges and through a relay releases a hammer that shatters a small flask of hydrocyanic acid. If one has left this entire system to itself for an hour, one would say that the cat still lives if meanwhile no atom has decayed. The first atomic decay would have poisoned it. The psi-function of the entire system would express this by having in it the living and dead cat (pardon the expression) mixed or smeared out in equal parts.

One can even set up quite ridiculous cases.  A cat is penned up in a steel chamber, along with the following device (which must be secured against direct interference by the cat): in a Geiger counter, there is a tiny bit of radioactive substance, so small, that perhaps in the course of the hour one of the atoms decays, but also, with equal probability, perhaps none; if it happens, the counter tube discharges and through a relay releases a hammer that shatters a small flask of hydrocyanic acid. If one has left this entire system to itself for an hour, one would say that the cat still lives if meanwhile no atom has decayed. The first atomic decay would have poisoned it.'''<font color="#32CD32">The psi-function of the entire system would express this by having in it the living and dead cat (pardon the expression) mixed or smeared out in equal parts.</font>'''

人们甚至可以提出非常荒谬的案例。将猫与下面的设备（必须固定以防止猫直接干扰）一起放在钢制的房间里：在盖革计数器中，有一小块放射性物质，非常小，也许在一个小时的过程中，其中一个原子会衰变，但是，也有相同的概率，也许不会发生衰变; 如果发生这种情况，计数管放电，并通过一个继电器释放一个锤子，锤子会打碎一小瓶氢氰酸。如果一个人把整个系统留给自己一个小时，就会说，如果没有原子衰变，这只猫就还活着。如果第一次原子衰变会使它中毒。整个系统的 psi 功能可以通过将活猫和死猫(对等表达)两个状态的叠加来表达这一点。

人们甚至可以提出非常荒谬的案例。将猫与下面的设备（必须固定以防止猫直接干扰）一起放在钢制的房间里：在盖革计数器中，有一小块放射性物质，非常小，也许在一个小时的过程中，其中一个原子会衰变，但是，也有相同的概率，也许不会发生衰变; 如果发生这种情况，计数管放电，并通过一个继电器释放一个锤子，锤子会打碎一小瓶氢氰酸。如果一个人把整个系统留给自己一个小时，就会说，如果没有原子衰变，这只猫就还活着。如果第一次原子衰变会使它中毒。'''<font color="#32CD32">整个系统的 psi 功能可以通过将活猫和死猫(对等表达)两个状态的叠加来表达这一点。</font>'''