− | 注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD): 一些研究者<ref>Barkley; Castellanos and Tannock; Pennington and Ozonoff; Schachar (according to the source)</ref>提出,ADHD 源于特定 '''执行功能(EF) Executive Function (EF)'''领域——如工作记忆、反应抑制或执行控制方面——的原发性缺陷<ref name="WillcuttDoyle2005">{{cite journal|date=June 2005|title=Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review|journal=Biol. Psychiatry|volume=57|issue=11|pages=1336–46|doi=10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.006|pmid=15950006|vauthors=Willcutt EG, Doyle AE, Nigg JT, Faraone SV, Pennington BF}}</ref>。引用了几项研究之后,研究人员得出一份元分析报告,发现在空间和语言工作记忆任务及其他几项EF任务中,ADHD群体有较低的成绩。然而,研究者的结论是EF缺陷既不必然也不足以引发所有的ADHD病例<ref name="WillcuttDoyle2005" /> | + | 注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD): 一些研究者<ref>Barkley; Castellanos and Tannock; Pennington and Ozonoff; Schachar (according to the source)</ref>提出,ADHD 源于特定 '''执行功能 Executive Function (EF)'''领域——如工作记忆、反应抑制或执行控制方面——的原发性缺陷<ref name="WillcuttDoyle2005">{{cite journal|date=June 2005|title=Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review|journal=Biol. Psychiatry|volume=57|issue=11|pages=1336–46|doi=10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.006|pmid=15950006|vauthors=Willcutt EG, Doyle AE, Nigg JT, Faraone SV, Pennington BF}}</ref>。引用了几项研究之后,研究人员得出一份元分析报告,发现在空间和语言工作记忆任务及其他几项EF任务中,ADHD群体有较低的成绩。然而,研究者的结论是EF缺陷既不必然也不足以引发所有的ADHD病例<ref name="WillcuttDoyle2005" /> |
− | 多巴胺和谷氨酸盐等多种神经递质可能都与ADHD和工作记忆有关。两者都与额叶大脑、'''自我定向self-direction'''和'''自我调节self-regulation'''有关,但其中的因果关系尚未得到确认。所以目前不清楚是工作记忆功能障碍导致 ADHD,还是注意力分散导致ADHD工作记忆功能低下,亦或存在着其他联系<ref>[http://guilfordjournals.com/doi/abs/10.1521/adhd.2008.16.6.8 Working Memory as a Core Deficit in ADHD: Preliminary Findings and Implications] – 2008</ref><ref name="Clark Blackwell 2007">{{cite journal|date=June 2007|title=Association between response inhibition and working memory in adult ADHD: a link to right frontal cortex pathology?|journal=Biol. Psychiatry|volume=61|issue=12|pages=1395–401|doi=10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.020|pmid=17046725|vauthors=Clark L, Blackwell AD, Aron AR, etal}}</ref><ref name="Roodenrys Koloski 2001">{{cite journal|last2=Koloski|first2=Natasha|last3=Grainger|first3=Jessica|year=2001|title=Working memory function in attention deficit hyperactivity disordered and reading disabled children|journal=British Journal of Developmental Psychology|volume=19|issue=3|pages=325–337|doi=10.1348/026151001166128|issn=0261-510X|last1=Roodenrys|first1=Steven}}</ref>。 | + | 多巴胺和谷氨酸盐等多种神经递质可能都与ADHD和工作记忆有关。两者都与额叶大脑、'''自我定向 self-direction'''和'''自我调节 self-regulation'''有关,但其中的因果关系尚未得到确认。所以目前不清楚是工作记忆功能障碍导致 ADHD,还是注意力分散导致ADHD工作记忆功能低下,亦或存在着其他联系<ref>[http://guilfordjournals.com/doi/abs/10.1521/adhd.2008.16.6.8 Working Memory as a Core Deficit in ADHD: Preliminary Findings and Implications] – 2008</ref><ref name="Clark Blackwell 2007">{{cite journal|date=June 2007|title=Association between response inhibition and working memory in adult ADHD: a link to right frontal cortex pathology?|journal=Biol. Psychiatry|volume=61|issue=12|pages=1395–401|doi=10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.020|pmid=17046725|vauthors=Clark L, Blackwell AD, Aron AR, etal}}</ref><ref name="Roodenrys Koloski 2001">{{cite journal|last2=Koloski|first2=Natasha|last3=Grainger|first3=Jessica|year=2001|title=Working memory function in attention deficit hyperactivity disordered and reading disabled children|journal=British Journal of Developmental Psychology|volume=19|issue=3|pages=325–337|doi=10.1348/026151001166128|issn=0261-510X|last1=Roodenrys|first1=Steven}}</ref>。 |