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==复杂社会系统中的危机：以智利事件为例的一个社会理论观点 （Crisis in complex social systems: A social theory view illustrated with the chilean… From onlinelibrary.wiley.com

== Scaling and universality in urban economic diversification == ''by Hyejin Youn, Luís M. A. Bettencourt, José Lobo, Deborah Strumsky, Horacio Samani

此词条由A+审校，未经专家审核，带来阅读不便，请见谅。共计15335字{{Infobox scientist | name = Alan Turing

== Fisher transfer entropy: quantifying the gain in transient sensitivity == ''Proceedings of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical & Engineering Sciences, 2015, 471(2184)''

…isher=World Scientific |year=2020 |isbn=978-1786347268 |url=https://rethinkingevolution.com/}}</ref> …2015 |title= A New History of Life: the radical discoveries about the origins and evolution of life on earth |publisher= Bloomsbury Press |pages= 39–4

已由[[用户:Yillia Jing]]进行初步翻译，已由[[用户:Flipped]]进行审校。{{Information theory}} …th>H(Y|X)</math>。两个圆中间的交集部分（紫色的部分）表示二者的<font color="#ff8000">'''互信息 Mutual information，（MI）'''</font><math>\operatorname{I}(X;Y)</math>）。]]

…Artemy Kolchinsky, Daniel B. Larremore, Eric Libby, Eleanor A. Power, Caitlin A. Stern, Brendan Tracey'' …nsmission and in social systems by active spreading strategies of infected individuals.''

…ents on three systems with non-variational aspects |journal=Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena |date=December 1992 |volume=61 |issue=1–4 |pages=77–93 |do …ermodynamics: Foundations, Applications, Frontiers'', Springer-Verlag, Berlin, e-{{ISBN|978-3-540-74252-4}}.</ref>。

…rostate in statistical ensemble and phase transition|journal=Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy|date=25 April 2019|volume=62|issue=2019|doi=10.1007/ …ng|title=Renormalization Group Theory of Eigen Microstates|journal=Chinese Physics Letters|date=7 June 2022|volume=39|issue=8|doi=10.1088/0256-307X/39/8/08050

…te web|url=http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Chaos.html|title=Chaos|last=Weisstein|first=Eric W.|website=mathworld.wolfram.com|language=en|access-date=2019-11 …os-in-an-atmosphere-hanging-on-a-wall/ |title = Chaos in an Atmosphere Hanging on a Wall |last1 = Danforth |first1 = Christopher M. |date = April 2013 |w

…hat describes the probability of occurrence of different possible outcomes in an experiment}} {{Off topic|date=August 2020|Random variable|talksectionheading}}

…for Psychology and Psychotherapy|date=2007|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-32758-7}}</ref><ref name="bieleck

…系统 Interacting Particle Systems、麦肯-弗拉索夫过程 McKean-Vlasov Processes、气体动力学模型 Kinetic Models of Gases'''）。 …uglas|last2=Samuelson|first2 = Douglas A. |date = October 2009 |title=Modeling Without Measurements |url=http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/357348e6#/35

…-11ea-8988-0242ac1a0005 "Concepts: Power Law"].New England Complex Systems Institute. Retrieved 18 August.</ref> …f's law". [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary_Physics Contemporary Physics.] 46 (5): 323–351. [https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0412004 arXiv:cond-mat

…rd |display-authors=etal |date=2006 |title=Self-organization and Emergence in Life Sciences |isbn=978-1-402-03916-4 |page=1}}</ref> …ric |author2=Dorigo, Marco |author3=Theraulaz, Guy |date=1999 |title=Swarm intelligence: from natural to artificial systems |isbn=978-0-19-513159-8|publi

…ughn, Jerry S. |title=College physics |publisher=Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning |location=Belmont, CA |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-495-38693-3 |oclc= |doi= |acc

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…hods and Applications |isbn=9780521387071 |chapter=Social Network Analysis in the Social and Behavioral Sciences |pages=1–27 |publisher=Cambridge Unive …a Highly Connected World |first1=David |last1=Easley |first2=Jon |last2=Kleinberg |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2010 |chapter=Overview |pag

*磁性材料处于''' 居里点 Curie point'''（居里温度）时，在''' 铁磁ferromagnetism'''和''' 顺磁 para

…ry。如果这种信息的复制结果在每个纬度上都完全相同，就像'''门格海绵 Menger Sponge''' 一样，则其具有'''仿射自相似性 Affine Self-similar'''。 分形几何是拓扑学的一个数学分支。

…e journal |vauthors=Masoudi-Nejad A, Schreiber F, Razaghi MK Z |title=Building Blocks of Biological Networks: A Review on Major Network Motif Discovery… …aduate Texts in Mathematics) |volume=173 |year=2005|publisher=New York: Springer-Verlag Heidelberg}}</ref>

…温度，总的内能和熵<ref name="Caratheodory">Carathéodory, C. (1909).</ref><ref>Prigogine, I. (1947), p. 48.</ref><ref>Landsberg, P. T. (1961), pp. 128–142.</ref>

Marshall McLuhan in: McLuhan: Hot & Cool. Ed. by Gerald Emanuel Stearn. A Signet Book published

…975.</ref><ref name=":4">S Amari. Dynamics of pattern formation in lateral inhibition type neural fields. Biological Cybernetics, 27:77–87, 1977. …与'''神经质量模型 neural mass models'''的相似性，后者忽略了空间扩展，但涉及到关于'''群体编码 population coding'''和时间粒度的相同基本假设。

…l WMAP – Fate of the Universe], ''WMAP's Universe'', [[NASA]]. Accessed online July 17, 2008.</ref>，是对宇宙最终命运的猜测，这表明宇宙 Plait, Philip (2008). ''Death from the Skies!''. Viking Adult (published 16 October 2008). p. 259. ISBN <bdi>978-0-670-01997-7</bd

…ents on three systems with non-variational aspects |journal=Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena |date=December 1992 |volume=61 |issue=1–4 |pages=77–93 |do …ermodynamics: Foundations, Applications, Frontiers'', Springer-Verlag, Berlin, e-.</ref>

…ministic+non-periodic+flow&author=E.+N.+Lorenz&publication_year=1963 Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow]". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 20(2): 130–

…n |first2=C. |last3=Wood |first3=A.J. |title=Universality for 2D Wedge Wetting |journal=Phys. Rev. Lett. |date=1999 |volume=83 |issue=26 |pages=5535–55 …关函数被称为Schwinger函数[https://wiki.swarma.org/index.php/Schwinger_function Schwinger function]s，其属性由Osterwalder-Schrader 公理描述。

1988年，霍夫施塔特获得了怀疑调查委员会的最高荣誉——the In Praise of Reason award（赞美理性奖）。 === [http://wiki.swarma.net/index.php/AI%26Society%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E6%B2%99%E9%BE%99%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8…

…near+in+nature#v=onepage&q=most%20systems%20are%20inherently%20nonlinear%20in%20nature&f=false|accessdate=20 January 2018}}</ref>。