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- …d 13 (aqua). Such arrangements have been noticed since the [[Middle Ages]] and can be used to make mathematical models of a wide variety of plants.]] …s: Cells and their physical constraints | journal = Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology | volume = 122 | issue = 1 | pages = 58–69 | date = Oct75 KB（8,339个字） - 2022年6月10日 (五) 19:25
- …Berdahl, Christa Brelsford, Caterina De Bacco, Marion Dumas, Vanessa Ferdinand, Joshua A. Grochow, Laurent Hébert-Dufresne, Yoav Kallus, Christopher P. K …which can be facilitated in biological systems by horizontal transmission and in social systems by active spreading strategies of infected individuals.''91 KB（7,595个字） - 2020年10月14日 (三) 21:03
- …ref><ref name=":1">Hoel E P. When the map is better than the territory[J]. Entropy, 2017, 19(5): 188.</ref>。马尔可夫动力学系统是指系统在某一 …生物学家[[Erik hoel|Erik Hoel]]尝试将因果引入涌现的衡量，提出了因果涌现这一概念，并且使用[[有效信息]]（Effective Information，简称EI）来量化系统动力学的因果性强弱<ref name=":0" /><re49 KB（2,201个字） - 2023年11月17日 (五) 15:37
- …ig, H.: (2009) "Exact thermodynamic principles for dynamic order existence and evolution in chaos", ''Chaos, Solitons & Fractals'', v. '''41(4)''', pp. 1910 KB（772个字） - 2020年11月8日 (日) 17:31
- …L }}</ref> Recurrent neural networks are theoretically [[Turing complete]] and can run arbitrary programs to process arbitrary sequences of inputs.<ref>{{ …h recognition. Recurrent neural networks are theoretically Turing complete and can run arbitrary programs to process arbitrary sequences of inputs.115 KB（13,540个字） - 2022年7月4日 (一) 10:50
- …= Ludwig | title = The second law of thermodynamics (Theoretical physics and philosophical problems)| publisher = Springer-Verlag New York, LLC | year… …s.google.com/books?id=96AAAAAAMAAJ|location=New York|publisher=D. Van Nostrand|year=1876}}</ref></blockquote>30 KB（1,519个字） - 2021年10月24日 (日) 23:21
- …e activities can be viewed as two facets of the same field of application, and together they have undergone substantial development over the past few deca …e activities can be viewed as two facets of the same field of application, and together they have undergone substantial development over the past few deca78 KB（8,747个字） - 2021年2月17日 (三) 21:17
- 作者：Espinosa, Angela and Walker, Jon [[合作物种：人类的互惠性及演化 A Cooperative Species: Human Reciprocity and Its Evolution]]（未建立词条）53 KB（882个字） - 2020年10月14日 (三) 21:54
- …e of three basic machine learning paradigms, alongside supervised learning and unsupervised learning. …e of three basic machine learning paradigms, alongside supervised learning and unsupervised learning.77 KB（8,717个字） - 2024年2月21日 (三) 23:25
- …>{{Citation|journal=Evolutionary Systems| title=Selected self-organization and the semiotics of evolutionary systems| year=1998| first=Luis M.| last=Rocha …f the DNA molecule by Watson and Crick and how it is separately translated and replicated in the cell.87 KB（9,620个字） - 2022年6月10日 (五) 19:22
- …computer scientist) |author=Charles H. Bennett |journal=Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=501–510 |year=200 …//spectrum.ieee.org/computing/hardware/landauer-limit-demonstrated |title=Landauer Limit Demonstrated - IEEE Spectrum |publisher=Spectrum.ieee.org |date=14 KB（1,087个字） - 2021年1月22日 (五) 10:19
- | publisher = Longmans， Green and Co. …e=Slovenian |trans-title=Ludwig Boltzmann and the First Student of Physics and Mathematics of Slovene Descent |date=December 2001 |last=Južnič |first=St31 KB（2,003个字） - 2022年6月17日 (五) 16:03
- * 1. Complexity, Entropy and the Physics of Information …件:Complexity,entropy and.jpg|居中|缩略图|Complexity, Entropy and the Physics of Information]]36 KB（694个字） - 2021年8月17日 (二) 10:31
- …ing [[science]], [[engineering]], [[philosophy]], [[medicine]], [[sport]], and [[law]]. In the philosophy of [[decision theory]], Bayesian inference is cl …are compatible with rationality, according to philosophers [[Ian Hacking]] and [[Bas van Fraassen]].<ref>Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy; Bayesia94 KB（10,330个字） - 2022年5月3日 (二) 12:53
- …oi=10.4204/EPTCS.95.1|issn=2075-2180|arxiv=1111.3620|s2cid=9046880}}</ref> and [[Coupling (probability)|probabilistic couplings]].<ref name=":11">{{Cite… …ne|first=Arthur|date=1982-02-01|title=Hidden Variables, Joint Probability, and the Bell Inequalities|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=48|issue=5|pag75 KB（8,547个字） - 2022年10月12日 (三) 15:12
- …f>{{cite book |last = Waldner|first = Jean-Baptiste |title = Nanocomputers and Swarm Intelligence |publisher = ISTE Ltd John Wiley & Sons|place = London… …通信方法常被作为一种典型范式<ref>{{cite book |last = Monmarché Nicolas, Guinand Frédéric and Siarry Patrick |title = Artificial Ants |publisher = Wiley-ISTE |year =…67 KB（6,205个字） - 2021年2月20日 (六) 17:14
- …ms assumes that the equations determining the dynamics do not contain any random perturbations, noise, etc. Thus, the statistics with which we are concern …nitial state. Stronger properties, such as [[mixing (mathematics)|mixing]] and [[equidistribution]], have also been extensively studied.39 KB（4,090个字） - 2022年10月12日 (三) 15:43
- …cell has not yet been achieved in a laboratory setting, the goal to understand the process appears well within reach.<ref name="Exploring">{{cite web |url | first2 = Alexander77 KB（6,099个字） - 2022年4月3日 (日) 20:28
- …12page2922">{{cite book|author=J. Michael Steele|title=Stochastic Calculus and Financial Applications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fsgkBAAAQBAJ&p …eele200122">{{cite book|author=J. Michael Steele|title=Stochastic Calculus and Financial Applications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H06xzeRQgV4C|y139 KB（13,874个字） - 2022年3月12日 (六) 08:41
- {{Short description|Model for generating observable data in probability and statistics}} …rvnb|Jebara|2004}}, and {{harvnb|Mitchell|2015}}, give different divisions and definitions.}} but three major types can be distinguished, following {{harv39 KB（4,720个字） - 2022年6月29日 (三) 14:35