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此词条由范星辰翻译。{{short description|English mathematician and computer scientist (1912–1954)}}{{Infobox scientist

此词条由范星辰翻译。{{short description|English mathematician and computer scientist (1912–1954)}}

此词条由A+审校，未经专家审核，带来阅读不便，请见谅。{{Infobox scientist

| name              = Alan Turing

| name              = Alan Turing

| honorific_suffix  = {{postnominals|country=GBR|OBE|FRS|size=100%}}

| honorific_suffix  = {{postnominals|country=GBR|OBE|FRS|size=100%}}

}}</ref><ref name="AFP">{{cite news |title=Alan Turing&nbsp;– Time 100 People of the Century |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,990624,00.html |work=Time |quote=Providing a blueprint for the electronic digital computer. The fact remains that everyone who taps at a keyboard, opening a spreadsheet or a word-processing program, is working on an incarnation of a Turing machine. |first=Paul |last=Gray |date=29 March 1999 |access-date=10 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119181237/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,990624,00.html |archive-date=19 January 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Sipser|2006|p=137}}</ref> Turing is widely considered to be the father of theoretical computer science and [[artificial intelligence]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Beavers|2013|p=481}}</ref>

}}</ref><ref name="AFP">{{cite news |title=Alan Turing&nbsp;– Time 100 People of the Century |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,990624,00.html |work=Time |quote=Providing a blueprint for the electronic digital computer. The fact remains that everyone who taps at a keyboard, opening a spreadsheet or a word-processing program, is working on an incarnation of a Turing machine. |first=Paul |last=Gray |date=29 March 1999 |access-date=10 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119181237/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,990624,00.html |archive-date=19 January 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Sipser|2006|p=137}}</ref> Turing is widely considered to be the father of theoretical computer science and [[artificial intelligence]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Beavers|2013|p=481}}</ref>

【最终版】艾伦·麦席森·图灵(Alan Mathison Turing, 1912年6月23日- 1954年6月7日)，英国数学家、计算机科学家、逻辑学家、密码专家、哲学家和理论生物学家。图灵对理论计算机科学的发展产生了巨大的影响，他用图灵机(被认为是通用计算机的模型)将算法和计算的概念形式化。图灵被广泛认为是理论计算机科学和人工智能之父。

 

【最终版】艾伦·麦席森·图灵(Alan Mathison Turing, 1912年6月23日- 1954年6月7日)，英国数学家、计算机科学家、逻辑学家、密码专家、哲学家和理论生物学家。图灵对理论计算机科学的发展产生了巨大的影响，他用图灵机(可以被认为是通用计算机的模型)将算法和计算的概念形式化。图灵被广泛认为是理论计算机科学和人工智能之父。

Born in [[Maida Vale]], London, Turing was raised in [[southern England]]. He graduated at [[King's College, Cambridge]], with a degree in mathematics. Whilst he was a [[fellow]] at Cambridge, he published a proof demonstrating that some purely mathematical yes–no questions can never be answered by computation and defined a [[Turing machine]], and went on to prove the [[halting problem]] for Turing machines is [[Decision problem|undecidable]]. In 1938, he obtained his [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] from the [[Princeton University Department of Mathematics|Department of Mathematics]] at [[Princeton University]]. During the [[Second World War]], Turing worked for the [[Government Communications Headquarters#Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS)|Government Code and Cypher School]] (GC&CS) at [[Bletchley Park]], Britain's [[cryptanalysis|codebreaking]] centre that produced [[Ultra]] intelligence. For a time he led [[Hut 8]], the section that was responsible for German naval cryptanalysis. Here, he devised a number of techniques for speeding the breaking of German [[cipher]]s, including improvements to the pre-war Polish [[Bomba (cryptography)|bombe]] method, an [[electromechanics|electromechanical]] machine that could find settings for the [[Enigma machine]]. Turing played a crucial role in cracking intercepted coded messages that enabled the Allies to defeat the [[Axis powers]] in many crucial engagements, including the [[Battle of the Atlantic]].<ref name="bbc-copeland">{{cite news|last=Copeland|first=Jack|author-link=Jack Copeland|date=18 June 2012|title=Alan Turing: The codebreaker who saved 'millions of lives'|publisher=BBC News Technology|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-18419691|url-status=live|access-date=26 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011045451/http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-18419691|archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref><ref>A number of sources state that Winston Churchill said that Turing made the single biggest contribution to Allied victory in the war against Nazi Germany. However, both [[The Churchill Centre]] and Turing's biographer [[Andrew Hodges]] have stated they know of no documentary evidence to support this claim, nor of the date or context in which Churchill supposedly said it, and the Churchill Centre lists it among their Churchill 'Myths', see {{cite web|last=Schilling|first=Jonathan|date=8 January 2015|title=Churchill Said Turing Made the Single Biggest Contribution to Allied Victory|url=http://www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/myths/churchill-said-turing-made-the-single-biggest-contribution-to-allied-victory|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217170510/http://www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/myths/churchill-said-turing-made-the-single-biggest-contribution-to-allied-victory|archive-date=17 February 2015|access-date=9 January 2015|publisher=The Churchill Centre: Myths}} and {{cite web|last=Hodges|first=Andrew|author-link=Andrew Hodges|title=Part 4: The Relay Race|url=http://www.turing.org.uk/book/update/part4.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120190931/http://www.turing.org.uk/book/update/part4.html|archive-date=20 January 2015|access-date=9 January 2015|publisher=Update to [[Alan Turing: The Enigma]]}} A [[BBC News]] profile piece that repeated the Churchill claim has subsequently been amended to say there is no evidence for it. See {{cite news|last=Spencer|first=Clare|date=11 September 2009|title=Profile: Alan Turing|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/8250592.stm|url-status=live|access-date=17 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213095303/http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-18419691|archive-date=13 December 2017|quote=Update 13 February 2015}} Official war historian [[Harry Hinsley]] estimated that this work shortened the war in Europe by more than two years but added the caveat that this did not account for the [[Manhattan Project|use of the atomic bomb]] and other eventualities.{{citation | last = Hinsley | first = Harry | author-link = Harry Hinsley | title = The Influence of ULTRA in the Second World War | origyear = 1993 | year = 1996 | url = http://www.cix.co.uk/~klockstone/hinsley.htm }} Transcript of a lecture given on Tuesday 19 October 1993 at Cambridge University</ref>A number of sources state that Winston Churchill said that Turing made the single biggest contribution to Allied victory in the war against Nazi Germany. However, both The Churchill Centre and Turing's biographer Andrew Hodges have stated they know of no documentary evidence to support this claim, nor of the date or context in which Churchill supposedly said it, and the Churchill Centre lists it among their Churchill 'Myths', see  and  A BBC News profile piece that repeated the Churchill claim has subsequently been amended to say there is no evidence for it. See  Official war historian Harry Hinsley estimated that this work shortened the war in Europe by more than two years but added the caveat that this did not account for the use of the atomic bomb and other eventualities. Transcript of a lecture given on Tuesday 19 October 1993 at Cambridge University

Born in [[Maida Vale]], London, Turing was raised in [[southern England]]. He graduated at [[King's College, Cambridge]], with a degree in mathematics. Whilst he was a [[fellow]] at Cambridge, he published a proof demonstrating that some purely mathematical yes–no questions can never be answered by computation and defined a [[Turing machine]], and went on to prove the [[halting problem]] for Turing machines is [[Decision problem|undecidable]]. In 1938, he obtained his [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] from the [[Princeton University Department of Mathematics|Department of Mathematics]] at [[Princeton University]]. During the [[Second World War]], Turing worked for the [[Government Communications Headquarters#Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS)|Government Code and Cypher School]] (GC&CS) at [[Bletchley Park]], Britain's [[cryptanalysis|codebreaking]] centre that produced [[Ultra]] intelligence. For a time he led [[Hut 8]], the section that was responsible for German naval cryptanalysis. Here, he devised a number of techniques for speeding the breaking of German [[cipher]]s, including improvements to the pre-war Polish [[Bomba (cryptography)|bombe]] method, an [[electromechanics|electromechanical]] machine that could find settings for the [[Enigma machine]]. Turing played a crucial role in cracking intercepted coded messages that enabled the Allies to defeat the [[Axis powers]] in many crucial engagements, including the [[Battle of the Atlantic]].<ref name="bbc-copeland">{{cite news|last=Copeland|first=Jack|author-link=Jack Copeland|date=18 June 2012|title=Alan Turing: The codebreaker who saved 'millions of lives'|publisher=BBC News Technology|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-18419691|url-status=live|access-date=26 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011045451/http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-18419691|archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref><ref>A number of sources state that Winston Churchill said that Turing made the single biggest contribution to Allied victory in the war against Nazi Germany. However, both [[The Churchill Centre]] and Turing's biographer [[Andrew Hodges]] have stated they know of no documentary evidence to support this claim, nor of the date or context in which Churchill supposedly said it, and the Churchill Centre lists it among their Churchill 'Myths', see {{cite web|last=Schilling|first=Jonathan|date=8 January 2015|title=Churchill Said Turing Made the Single Biggest Contribution to Allied Victory|url=http://www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/myths/churchill-said-turing-made-the-single-biggest-contribution-to-allied-victory|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217170510/http://www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/myths/churchill-said-turing-made-the-single-biggest-contribution-to-allied-victory|archive-date=17 February 2015|access-date=9 January 2015|publisher=The Churchill Centre: Myths}} and {{cite web|last=Hodges|first=Andrew|author-link=Andrew Hodges|title=Part 4: The Relay Race|url=http://www.turing.org.uk/book/update/part4.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120190931/http://www.turing.org.uk/book/update/part4.html|archive-date=20 January 2015|access-date=9 January 2015|publisher=Update to [[Alan Turing: The Enigma]]}} A [[BBC News]] profile piece that repeated the Churchill claim has subsequently been amended to say there is no evidence for it. See {{cite news|last=Spencer|first=Clare|date=11 September 2009|title=Profile: Alan Turing|work=BBC News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/8250592.stm|url-status=live|access-date=17 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213095303/http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-18419691|archive-date=13 December 2017|quote=Update 13 February 2015}} Official war historian [[Harry Hinsley]] estimated that this work shortened the war in Europe by more than two years but added the caveat that this did not account for the [[Manhattan Project|use of the atomic bomb]] and other eventualities.{{citation | last = Hinsley | first = Harry | author-link = Harry Hinsley | title = The Influence of ULTRA in the Second World War | origyear = 1993 | year = 1996 | url = http://www.cix.co.uk/~klockstone/hinsley.htm }} Transcript of a lecture given on Tuesday 19 October 1993 at Cambridge University</ref>A number of sources state that Winston Churchill said that Turing made the single biggest contribution to Allied victory in the war against Nazi Germany. However, both The Churchill Centre and Turing's biographer Andrew Hodges have stated they know of no documentary evidence to support this claim, nor of the date or context in which Churchill supposedly said it, and the Churchill Centre lists it among their Churchill 'Myths', see  and  A BBC News profile piece that repeated the Churchill claim has subsequently been amended to say there is no evidence for it. See  Official war historian Harry Hinsley estimated that this work shortened the war in Europe by more than two years but added the caveat that this did not account for the use of the atomic bomb and other eventualities. Transcript of a lecture given on Tuesday 19 October 1993 at Cambridge University

【最终版】图灵出生在伦敦的梅达韦尔（Maida Vale），在英格兰南部长大。他毕业于剑桥大学国王学院，获得了数学学位。当他在剑桥大学做研究员时，他发表了一个证明，证明了一些纯数学的是非问题永远不能通过计算来回答，并定义了图灵机，进而证明了图灵机的停机问题是不可判定的。1938年，他获得了普林斯顿大学数学系博士学位。第二次世界大战期间，图灵在布莱切利公园的政府密码与密码学校(GC&CS)工作，这是英国的密码破译中心，并且产生了“超级智能”。有一段时间，他领导8号营房，该部门负责德国海军的密码分析工作。在这里，他设计了许多加速破译德国密码的技术，包括对战前的波兰炸弹法的改进，一种可以为恩尼格玛机找到系统设置的机电机器。图灵在破解被截获的编码信息方面发挥了至关重要的作用，这使得盟军在许多关键战役中击败了轴心国，包括大西洋战役。一些消息来源称，温斯顿·丘吉尔曾说过，图灵为盟军战胜纳粹德国做出了最大的贡献。然而，丘吉尔中心和图灵的传记作者安德鲁·霍奇斯都表示，他们不知道任何文件证据来支持这一说法，也不知道丘吉尔说这句话的日期或者背景，丘吉尔中心把这句话列为丘吉尔的“神话”之一。BBC新闻的一篇人物简介文章重复了丘吉尔的说法，但后来被修正为没有证据证明这一点。官方战争历史学家哈里·欣斯利估计，这项工作将欧洲战争缩短了两年多，但他补充说，这项工作没有考虑到原子弹的使用和其他可能性。1993年10月19日星期二在剑桥大学的一次演讲实录。

 

【最终版】图灵出生在伦敦的梅达韦尔（Maida Vale），在英格兰南部长大。他毕业于剑桥大学国王学院，获得了数学学位。当他还是剑桥大学的一名研究员时，他发表了一个证明，证明了一些纯数学的是非问题永远不能通过计算来回答，并定义了一个图灵机，并继续证明了图灵机的停机问题是不可判定的。1938年，他在普林斯顿大学数学系获得了博士学位。第二次世界大战期间，图灵在布莱切利公园的政府密码与密码学校(GC&CS)工作，这是英国的密码破译中心，并且产生了“超级智能”。有一段时间，他领导8号营房，该部门负责德国海军的密码分析工作。在这里，他设计了许多加速破译德国密码的技术，包括对战前的波兰炸弹法的改进，一种可以为恩尼格玛机找到系统设置的机电机器。图灵在破解被截获的编码信息方面发挥了至关重要的作用，这使得盟军在许多关键战役中击败了轴心国，包括大西洋战役。一些消息来源称，温斯顿·丘吉尔曾说过，图灵为盟军战胜纳粹德国做出了最大的贡献。然而，丘吉尔中心和图灵的传记作者安德鲁·霍奇斯都表示，他们不知道任何文件证据来支持这一说法，也不知道丘吉尔说这句话的日期和背景，丘吉尔中心把这句话列为丘吉尔的“神话”之一。BBC新闻的一篇人物简介文章重复了丘吉尔的说法，但后来被修改为没有证据证明这一点。官方战争历史学家哈里·欣斯利估计，这项工作将欧洲战争缩短了两年多，但他补充说，这项工作没有考虑到原子弹的使用和其他可能性。1993年10月19日星期二在剑桥大学的一次演讲的讲稿。

After the war, Turing worked at the [[National Physical Laboratory, UK|National Physical Laboratory]], where he designed the [[Automatic Computing Engine]] (ACE), one of the first designs for a stored-program computer. In 1948, Turing joined [[Max Newman]]'s [[Computing Machine Laboratory]], at the [[Victoria University of Manchester]], where he helped develop the [[Manchester computers]]<ref>{{Harvnb|Leavitt|2007|pp=231–233}}</ref> and became interested in [[mathematical biology]]. He wrote a paper on the chemical basis of [[morphogenesis]]<ref name="googlescholar" /> and predicted [[Chemical clock|oscillating]] [[chemical reaction]]s such as the [[Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction]], first observed in the 1960s. Despite these accomplishments, he was never fully recognised in his home country during his lifetime because much of his work was covered by the [[Official Secrets Act 1939|Official Secrets Act]].<ref>Olinick, M. (2021). Simply Turing. United States: Simply Charly, ch. 15.</ref>Olinick, M. (2021). Simply Turing. United States: Simply Charly, ch. 15.

After the war, Turing worked at the [[National Physical Laboratory, UK|National Physical Laboratory]], where he designed the [[Automatic Computing Engine]] (ACE), one of the first designs for a stored-program computer. In 1948, Turing joined [[Max Newman]]'s [[Computing Machine Laboratory]], at the [[Victoria University of Manchester]], where he helped develop the [[Manchester computers]]<ref>{{Harvnb|Leavitt|2007|pp=231–233}}</ref> and became interested in [[mathematical biology]]. He wrote a paper on the chemical basis of [[morphogenesis]]<ref name="googlescholar" /> and predicted [[Chemical clock|oscillating]] [[chemical reaction]]s such as the [[Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction]], first observed in the 1960s. Despite these accomplishments, he was never fully recognised in his home country during his lifetime because much of his work was covered by the [[Official Secrets Act 1939|Official Secrets Act]].<ref>Olinick, M. (2021). Simply Turing. United States: Simply Charly, ch. 15.</ref>Olinick, M. (2021). Simply Turing. United States: Simply Charly, ch. 15.

【最终版】战后，图灵在国家物理实验室工作，在那里他设计了自动计算引擎(ACE)，这是最早的存储程序计算机的设计之一。1948年，图灵加入了曼彻斯特维多利亚大学的马克斯·纽曼计算机器实验室，在那里，他帮助开发了曼彻斯特计算机，并对数学生物学产生了兴趣。他写了一篇关于形态发生的化学基础的论文，并预测了振荡的化学反应，如Belousov-Zhabotinsky反应，在20世纪60年代首次观察到。尽管取得了这些成就，但在他的一生中，他在自己的祖国从未得到充分认可，因为他的大部分工作都受到了《官方保密法》(Official Secrets Act)的保护。

 

【最终版】战后，图灵在国家物理实验室工作，在那里他设计了自动计算引擎(ACE)，这是存储程序计算机的第一批设计之一。1948年，图灵加入了曼彻斯特维多利亚大学的马克斯·纽曼计算机器实验室，在那里，他帮助开发了曼彻斯特计算机，并对数学生物学产生了兴趣。他写了一篇关于形态发生的化学基础的论文，并预测了振荡的化学反应，如在20世纪60年代首次观察到的别洛乌索夫-扎博茨基反应。尽管取得了这些成就，但在他的一生中，他在自己的祖国从未得到充分认可，因为他的大部分工作都受到了《官方保密法》(Official Secrets Act)的保护。

Turing was prosecuted in 1952 for [[Gross indecency|homosexual acts]]. He accepted [[chemical castration]] treatment, with [[Diethylstilbestrol|DES]], as an alternative to prison. Turing died in 1954, 16 days before his 42nd birthday, from [[cyanide poisoning]]. An inquest determined his death as a suicide, but it has been noted that the known evidence is also consistent with accidental poisoning.

Turing was prosecuted in 1952 for [[Gross indecency|homosexual acts]]. He accepted [[chemical castration]] treatment, with [[Diethylstilbestrol|DES]], as an alternative to prison. Turing died in 1954, 16 days before his 42nd birthday, from [[cyanide poisoning]]. An inquest determined his death as a suicide, but it has been noted that the known evidence is also consistent with accidental poisoning.

 

In 2009, following an [[Internet campaign]], British Prime Minister [[Gordon Brown]] made an [[#Government apology and pardon support|official public apology]] on behalf of the British government for "the appalling way he was treated". [[Queen Elizabeth II]] granted Turing a posthumous pardon in 2013. The "[[Alan Turing law]]" is now an informal term for a 2017 law in the United Kingdom that retroactively pardoned men cautioned or convicted under historical legislation that outlawed homosexual acts.<ref name="BBC-pardon">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-37711518 |title='Alan Turing law': Thousands of gay men to be pardoned |date=20 October 2016 |access-date=20 October 2016 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020125029/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-37711518 |archive-date=20 October 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Turing has an [[Legacy of Alan Turing|extensive legacy]] with statues of him and [[List of things named after Alan Turing|many things named after him]], including an [[Turing Award|annual award]] for computer science innovations. He appears on the current [[Bank of England £50 note]], which was released to coincide with his birthday. A [[Icons: The Greatest Person of the 20th Century|2019 BBC series]], as voted by the audience, named him the greatest person of the 20th century.  

In 2009, following an [[Internet campaign]], British Prime Minister [[Gordon Brown]] made an [[#Government apology and pardon support|official public apology]] on behalf of the British government for "the appalling way he was treated". [[Queen Elizabeth II]] granted Turing a posthumous pardon in 2013. The "[[Alan Turing law]]" is now an informal term for a 2017 law in the United Kingdom that retroactively pardoned men cautioned or convicted under historical legislation that outlawed homosexual acts.<ref name="BBC-pardon">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-37711518 |title='Alan Turing law': Thousands of gay men to be pardoned |date=20 October 2016 |access-date=20 October 2016 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020125029/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-37711518 |archive-date=20 October 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Turing has an [[Legacy of Alan Turing|extensive legacy]] with statues of him and [[List of things named after Alan Turing|many things named after him]], including an [[Turing Award|annual award]] for computer science innovations. He appears on the current [[Bank of England £50 note]], which was released to coincide with his birthday. A [[Icons: The Greatest Person of the 20th Century|2019 BBC series]], as voted by the audience, named him the greatest person of the 20th century.  

==Early life and education早年生活和教育==

==Early life and education早年生活和教育==

Turing was born in [[Maida Vale]], London,<ref name="whoswho" /> while his father, Julius Mathison Turing (1873–1947), was on leave from his position with the [[Indian Civil Service]] (ICS) at [[Chatrapur]], then in the [[Madras Presidency]] and presently in [[Odisha]] state, in India.<ref name="Hodges1983P5">{{Harvnb|Hodges|1983|p=5}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/scrapbook/early.html |title=The Alan Turing Internet Scrapbook |publisher=[[Alan Turing: The Enigma]] |access-date=2 January 2012 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BOrKl1DB?url=http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/scrapbook/early.html |archive-date=14 October 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Turing's father was the son of a clergyman, the Rev.&nbsp;John Robert Turing, from a Scottish family of merchants that had been based in the Netherlands and included a [[baronet]]. Turing's mother, Julius's wife, was Ethel Sara Turing ({{nee|Stoney}}; 1881–1976),<ref name="whoswho" /> daughter of Edward Waller Stoney, chief engineer of the [[Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway|Madras Railways]]. The Stoneys were a [[Protestantism in Ireland|Protestant]] [[Anglo-Irish]] [[gentry]] family from both [[County Tipperary]] and [[County Longford]], while Ethel herself had spent much of her childhood in [[County Clare]].<ref>Phil Maguire, "An Irishman's Diary", p. 5. ''[[The Irish Times]]'', 23 June 2012.</ref>Phil Maguire, "An Irishman's Diary", p. 5. The Irish Times, 23 June 2012.

Turing was born in [[Maida Vale]], London,<ref name="whoswho" /> while his father, Julius Mathison Turing (1873–1947), was on leave from his position with the [[Indian Civil Service]] (ICS) at [[Chatrapur]], then in the [[Madras Presidency]] and presently in [[Odisha]] state, in India.<ref name="Hodges1983P5">{{Harvnb|Hodges|1983|p=5}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/scrapbook/early.html |title=The Alan Turing Internet Scrapbook |publisher=[[Alan Turing: The Enigma]] |access-date=2 January 2012 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6BOrKl1DB?url=http://www.turing.org.uk/turing/scrapbook/early.html |archive-date=14 October 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Turing's father was the son of a clergyman, the Rev.&nbsp;John Robert Turing, from a Scottish family of merchants that had been based in the Netherlands and included a [[baronet]]. Turing's mother, Julius's wife, was Ethel Sara Turing ({{nee|Stoney}}; 1881–1976),<ref name="whoswho" /> daughter of Edward Waller Stoney, chief engineer of the [[Madras and Southern Mahratta Railway|Madras Railways]]. The Stoneys were a [[Protestantism in Ireland|Protestant]] [[Anglo-Irish]] [[gentry]] family from both [[County Tipperary]] and [[County Longford]], while Ethel herself had spent much of her childhood in [[County Clare]].<ref>Phil Maguire, "An Irishman's Diary", p. 5. ''[[The Irish Times]]'', 23 June 2012.</ref>Phil Maguire, "An Irishman's Diary", p. 5. The Irish Times, 23 June 2012.

图灵出生于梅达韦尔，而他的父亲朱利叶斯 · 马西森 · 图灵(1873-1947)正在杰德拉布尔的印度公务员部门休假，然后在印度马德拉斯省服役，目前在 Odisha。图灵的父亲是牧师的儿子。约翰 · 罗伯特 · 图灵，来自一个苏格兰商人家庭，家庭的基地在荷兰，包括一个准男爵。图灵的母亲，朱利叶斯的妻子，埃塞尔 · 萨拉 · 图灵(Ethel Sara Turing; 1881-1976) ，是马德拉斯铁路公司总工程师爱德华 · 沃勒 · 斯托尼(Edward Waller Stoney)的女儿。斯通伊斯是一个来自蒂珀雷里郡和 County Longford 的盎格鲁-爱尔兰新教贵族家庭，而埃塞尔本人在克莱尔郡度过了她童年的大部分时光。菲尔 · 马奎尔，《一个爱尔兰人的日记》 ，第5页。爱尔兰时报，2012年6月23日。

【最终版】图灵出生在伦敦的梅达韦尔(Maida Vale)，当时他的父亲朱利叶斯·麦席森·图灵(Julius Mathison Turing, 1873 - 1947)正在Chatrapur（当时在马德拉斯总统府，现在在印度的Odisha邦）的印度公务员系统（ICS）的职位上休假。图灵的父亲是牧师约翰·罗伯特·图灵(John Robert Turing)的儿子，他来自一个苏格兰商人家族，该家庭曾在荷兰定居，其中包括一位男爵。图灵的母亲，朱利叶斯的妻子，是埃塞尔·萨拉·图灵(模板:Nee;1881 - 1976)，是马德拉斯铁路总工程师爱德华·沃勒·斯托尼的女儿。斯托尼家族是来自蒂珀雷里郡和朗福德郡的一个信奉新教盎格鲁-爱尔兰贵族家庭，而埃塞尔本人则在克莱尔郡度过了她的大部分童年。《爱尔兰时报》，2012年6月23日。

 

【最终版】图灵出生在伦敦的Maida Vale，当时他的父亲朱利叶斯·马西森·图灵(Julius Mathison Turing, 1873 - 1947)正在离开他的职位，到印度的查塔布尔进行公务员(ICS)休假，然后在马德拉斯做总裁，马德拉斯目前在印度奥里萨邦。图灵的父亲是牧师约翰·罗伯特·图灵(John Robert Turing)的儿子，他来自一个苏格兰商人家族，家族总部设在荷兰，其中包括一位准男爵。图灵的母亲，朱利叶斯的妻子，是埃塞尔·萨拉·图灵(模板:Nee;1881 - 1976)，马德拉斯铁路总工程师爱德华·沃勒·斯托尼的女儿。斯通夫妇是来自蒂珀雷里郡和朗福德郡的一个信奉新教的盎格鲁-爱尔兰贵族家庭，而埃塞尔本人则在克莱尔郡度过了她大部分的童年时光。

Julius's work with the ICS brought the family to British India, where his grandfather had been a general in the [[Bengal Army]]. However, both Julius and Ethel wanted their children to be brought up in Britain, so they moved to [[Maida Vale]],<ref name="englishheritaget">{{cite web|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.001002006005/chooseLetter/T |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903150218/http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.001002006005/chooseLetter/T |archive-date=3 September 2009 |title=London Blue Plaques |access-date=10 February 2007 |work=English Heritage |url-status=live  }}</ref> London, where Alan Turing was born on 23 June 1912, as recorded by a [[blue plaque]] on the outside of the house of his birth,<ref>[http://blogs.nature.com/london/2011/03/16/the-scientific-tourist-in-london-17-alan-turings-birth-place The Scientific Tourist In London: #17 Alan Turing's Birth Place] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054045/http://blogs.nature.com/london/2011/03/16/the-scientific-tourist-in-london-17-alan-turings-birth-place |date=21 September 2013 }}, ''Nature''. London Blog</ref><ref>{{openplaque|381}}</ref> The Scientific Tourist In London: #17 Alan Turing's Birth Place , Nature. London Blog later the Colonnade Hotel. Turing had an elder brother, John (the father of Sir John Dermot Turing, 12th Baronet of the Turing baronets).Sir John Dermot Turing  on the Bletchley Park website.

Julius's work with the ICS brought the family to British India, where his grandfather had been a general in the [[Bengal Army]]. However, both Julius and Ethel wanted their children to be brought up in Britain, so they moved to [[Maida Vale]],<ref name="englishheritaget">{{cite web|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.001002006005/chooseLetter/T |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903150218/http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.001002006005/chooseLetter/T |archive-date=3 September 2009 |title=London Blue Plaques |access-date=10 February 2007 |work=English Heritage |url-status=live  }}</ref> London, where Alan Turing was born on 23 June 1912, as recorded by a [[blue plaque]] on the outside of the house of his birth,<ref>[http://blogs.nature.com/london/2011/03/16/the-scientific-tourist-in-london-17-alan-turings-birth-place The Scientific Tourist In London: #17 Alan Turing's Birth Place] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054045/http://blogs.nature.com/london/2011/03/16/the-scientific-tourist-in-london-17-alan-turings-birth-place |date=21 September 2013 }}, ''Nature''. London Blog</ref><ref>{{openplaque|381}}</ref> The Scientific Tourist In London: #17 Alan Turing's Birth Place , Nature. London Blog later the Colonnade Hotel. Turing had an elder brother, John (the father of Sir John Dermot Turing, 12th Baronet of the Turing baronets).Sir John Dermot Turing  on the Bletchley Park website.