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| In 2009, following an [[Internet campaign]], British Prime Minister [[Gordon Brown]] made an [[#Government apology and pardon support|official public apology]] on behalf of the British government for "the appalling way he was treated". [[Queen Elizabeth II]] granted Turing a posthumous pardon in 2013. The "[[Alan Turing law]]" is now an informal term for a 2017 law in the United Kingdom that retroactively pardoned men cautioned or convicted under historical legislation that outlawed homosexual acts.<ref name="BBC-pardon">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-37711518 |title='Alan Turing law': Thousands of gay men to be pardoned |date=20 October 2016 |access-date=20 October 2016 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020125029/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-37711518 |archive-date=20 October 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Turing has an [[Legacy of Alan Turing|extensive legacy]] with statues of him and [[List of things named after Alan Turing|many things named after him]], including an [[Turing Award|annual award]] for computer science innovations. He appears on the current [[Bank of England £50 note]], which was released to coincide with his birthday. A [[Icons: The Greatest Person of the 20th Century|2019 BBC series]], as voted by the audience, named him the greatest person of the 20th century. | | In 2009, following an [[Internet campaign]], British Prime Minister [[Gordon Brown]] made an [[#Government apology and pardon support|official public apology]] on behalf of the British government for "the appalling way he was treated". [[Queen Elizabeth II]] granted Turing a posthumous pardon in 2013. The "[[Alan Turing law]]" is now an informal term for a 2017 law in the United Kingdom that retroactively pardoned men cautioned or convicted under historical legislation that outlawed homosexual acts.<ref name="BBC-pardon">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-37711518 |title='Alan Turing law': Thousands of gay men to be pardoned |date=20 October 2016 |access-date=20 October 2016 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020125029/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-37711518 |archive-date=20 October 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Turing has an [[Legacy of Alan Turing|extensive legacy]] with statues of him and [[List of things named after Alan Turing|many things named after him]], including an [[Turing Award|annual award]] for computer science innovations. He appears on the current [[Bank of England £50 note]], which was released to coincide with his birthday. A [[Icons: The Greatest Person of the 20th Century|2019 BBC series]], as voted by the audience, named him the greatest person of the 20th century. |
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− | 2009年,在一场互联网运动之后,英国首相戈登-布朗代表英国政府就 "他所受到的令人震惊的待遇 "正式公开道歉。英国女王伊丽莎白二世在2013年给予图灵死后赦免。现在,"阿兰-图灵法 "是英国2017年一项法律的非正式术语,该法律追溯性地赦免了根据禁止同性恋行为的历史立法而被警告或定罪的男子。图灵有着广泛的遗产,有他的雕像和许多以他命名的东西,包括一个计算机科学创新年度奖。他出现在目前英格兰银行的50英镑纸币上,该纸币是为了配合他的生日而发行的。2019年BBC的一个系列节目,经观众投票,将他评为20世纪最伟大的人物。
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| 【最终版】2009年,在一场网络运动之后,英国首相戈登·布朗代表英国政府就“他受到的恶劣对待”正式公开道歉。2013年,英国女王伊丽莎白二世赦免了图灵。现在,“艾伦·图灵法”是英国2017年颁布的一项法律的非正式用语,该法律追溯性地赦免了根据禁止同性恋行为的历史立法而被警告或定罪的男子。图灵有着广泛的遗产,有他的雕像和许多以他命名的东西,包括年度计算机科学创新奖。他出现在目前英格兰银行50英镑纸币上,该纸币是为了配合他的生日而发行的。在2019年的BBC系列节目中,观众投票选出他为20世纪最伟大的人。 | | 【最终版】2009年,在一场网络运动之后,英国首相戈登·布朗代表英国政府就“他受到的恶劣对待”正式公开道歉。2013年,英国女王伊丽莎白二世赦免了图灵。现在,“艾伦·图灵法”是英国2017年颁布的一项法律的非正式用语,该法律追溯性地赦免了根据禁止同性恋行为的历史立法而被警告或定罪的男子。图灵有着广泛的遗产,有他的雕像和许多以他命名的东西,包括年度计算机科学创新奖。他出现在目前英格兰银行50英镑纸币上,该纸币是为了配合他的生日而发行的。在2019年的BBC系列节目中,观众投票选出他为20世纪最伟大的人。 |
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| Julius's work with the ICS brought the family to British India, where his grandfather had been a general in the [[Bengal Army]]. However, both Julius and Ethel wanted their children to be brought up in Britain, so they moved to [[Maida Vale]],<ref name="englishheritaget">{{cite web|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.001002006005/chooseLetter/T |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903150218/http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.001002006005/chooseLetter/T |archive-date=3 September 2009 |title=London Blue Plaques |access-date=10 February 2007 |work=English Heritage |url-status=live }}</ref> London, where Alan Turing was born on 23 June 1912, as recorded by a [[blue plaque]] on the outside of the house of his birth,<ref>[http://blogs.nature.com/london/2011/03/16/the-scientific-tourist-in-london-17-alan-turings-birth-place The Scientific Tourist In London: #17 Alan Turing's Birth Place] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054045/http://blogs.nature.com/london/2011/03/16/the-scientific-tourist-in-london-17-alan-turings-birth-place |date=21 September 2013 }}, ''Nature''. London Blog</ref><ref>{{openplaque|381}}</ref> The Scientific Tourist In London: #17 Alan Turing's Birth Place , Nature. London Blog later the Colonnade Hotel. Turing had an elder brother, John (the father of Sir John Dermot Turing, 12th Baronet of the Turing baronets).Sir John Dermot Turing on the Bletchley Park website. | | Julius's work with the ICS brought the family to British India, where his grandfather had been a general in the [[Bengal Army]]. However, both Julius and Ethel wanted their children to be brought up in Britain, so they moved to [[Maida Vale]],<ref name="englishheritaget">{{cite web|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.001002006005/chooseLetter/T |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903150218/http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/server/show/nav.001002006005/chooseLetter/T |archive-date=3 September 2009 |title=London Blue Plaques |access-date=10 February 2007 |work=English Heritage |url-status=live }}</ref> London, where Alan Turing was born on 23 June 1912, as recorded by a [[blue plaque]] on the outside of the house of his birth,<ref>[http://blogs.nature.com/london/2011/03/16/the-scientific-tourist-in-london-17-alan-turings-birth-place The Scientific Tourist In London: #17 Alan Turing's Birth Place] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054045/http://blogs.nature.com/london/2011/03/16/the-scientific-tourist-in-london-17-alan-turings-birth-place |date=21 September 2013 }}, ''Nature''. London Blog</ref><ref>{{openplaque|381}}</ref> The Scientific Tourist In London: #17 Alan Turing's Birth Place , Nature. London Blog later the Colonnade Hotel. Turing had an elder brother, John (the father of Sir John Dermot Turing, 12th Baronet of the Turing baronets).Sir John Dermot Turing on the Bletchley Park website. |
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− | 朱利叶斯在 ICS 的工作将他的家庭带到了英属印度,他的祖父曾是孟加拉军队的一名将军。然而,朱利叶斯和埃塞尔都希望他们的孩子在英国长大,所以他们搬到了梅达韦尔,阿兰图灵于1912年6月23日在那里出生,正如他出生房子外面的蓝色牌匾所记录的那样,科学游客在伦敦: 17英镑阿兰图灵的出生地,自然。伦敦博客后来的 Colonnade Hotel。图灵有一个哥哥约翰(约翰 · 德莫特 · 图灵爵士的父亲,图灵从男爵12世)。约翰 · 德莫特 · 图灵爵士在 Bletchley Park 网站上。
| + | 【最终版】朱利叶斯的工作将他的家庭带到了英属印度,他的祖父曾是孟加拉军队的一名将军。然而,朱利叶斯和埃塞尔想让他们的孩子在英国长大,所以他们搬到了梅达韦尔(Maida Vale),艾伦-图灵于1912年6月23日在那里出生,正如他出生的房子外面的蓝色牌匾所记录的那样。在伦敦的科学游客:#17艾伦-图灵的出生地,自然。伦敦博客后来的Colonnade酒店。图灵有一个哥哥,约翰(约翰·德莫特·图灵爵士的父亲,图灵家族的第12位男爵)。约翰-德莫特-图灵爵士在布莱切利公园网站上。 |
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− | 【最终版】朱利叶斯的工作将他的家庭带到了英属印度,他的祖父曾是孟加拉军队的一名将军。然而,朱利叶斯和埃塞尔想让他们的孩子在英国长大的,所以他们搬到了Maida淡水河谷,伦敦,阿兰·图灵出生于1912年6月23日,所记录的一个蓝色的斑块在他出生时的房子里。伦敦博客之后是柱廊酒店。图灵有一个哥哥约翰(约翰·德莫特·图灵爵士的父亲,图灵家族的第12位准男爵)。布莱切利公园网站上的约翰·德莫特·图灵爵士。 | |
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| Turing's father's civil service commission was still active and during Turing's childhood years, his parents travelled between [[Hastings]] in the United Kingdom<ref>{{Harvnb|Hodges|1983|p=6}}</ref> and India, leaving their two sons to stay with a retired [[British Army|Army]] couple. At Hastings, Turing stayed at [[Baston Lodge]], Upper Maze Hill, [[St Leonards-on-Sea]], now marked with a blue plaque.<ref name="Hastings & St. Leonards Observer - 29 June 2012 - Plaque unveiled at Turing's home in St Leonards">{{cite news|url=http://www.hastingsobserver.co.uk/news/plaque-unveiled-at-turing-s-home-in-st-leonards-1-4003535|title=Plaque unveiled at Turing's home in St Leonards|date=29 June 2012|work=[[Hastings & St. Leonards Observer]]|access-date=3 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912121655/http://www.hastingsobserver.co.uk/news/plaque-unveiled-at-turing-s-home-in-st-leonards-1-4003535|archive-date=12 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> The plaque was unveiled on 23 June 2012, the centenary of Turing's birth.<ref name="BBC News - 25 June 2012 - St Leonards plaque marks Alan Turing's early years">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-sussex-18580826|title=St Leonards plaque marks Alan Turing's early years|date=25 June 2012|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=3 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203074933/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-sussex-18580826|archive-date=3 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> | | Turing's father's civil service commission was still active and during Turing's childhood years, his parents travelled between [[Hastings]] in the United Kingdom<ref>{{Harvnb|Hodges|1983|p=6}}</ref> and India, leaving their two sons to stay with a retired [[British Army|Army]] couple. At Hastings, Turing stayed at [[Baston Lodge]], Upper Maze Hill, [[St Leonards-on-Sea]], now marked with a blue plaque.<ref name="Hastings & St. Leonards Observer - 29 June 2012 - Plaque unveiled at Turing's home in St Leonards">{{cite news|url=http://www.hastingsobserver.co.uk/news/plaque-unveiled-at-turing-s-home-in-st-leonards-1-4003535|title=Plaque unveiled at Turing's home in St Leonards|date=29 June 2012|work=[[Hastings & St. Leonards Observer]]|access-date=3 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912121655/http://www.hastingsobserver.co.uk/news/plaque-unveiled-at-turing-s-home-in-st-leonards-1-4003535|archive-date=12 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> The plaque was unveiled on 23 June 2012, the centenary of Turing's birth.<ref name="BBC News - 25 June 2012 - St Leonards plaque marks Alan Turing's early years">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-sussex-18580826|title=St Leonards plaque marks Alan Turing's early years|date=25 June 2012|work=[[BBC News]]|access-date=3 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203074933/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-sussex-18580826|archive-date=3 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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− | 图灵父亲的公务员委员会仍然活跃,在图灵的童年时代,他的父母在英国和印度的黑斯廷斯之间旅行,留下他们的两个儿子和一对退休的军人夫妇住在一起。在黑斯廷斯,图灵住在 Baston Lodge,上梅兹山,圣莱昂纳德海上,现在有一块蓝色的牌匾。2012年6月23日,也就是图灵百年诞辰纪念日,这块匾揭开了面纱。
| + | 【最终版】图灵的父亲的公务员委员会仍然活跃,在图灵的童年时代,他的父母在英国的黑斯廷斯和印度之间旅行,把他们的两个儿子留在一对退休的军队夫妇那里。在黑斯廷斯,图灵住在Baston Lodge, Upper Maze Hill, St Leonards-on-Sea,现在有一块蓝色的牌子。该牌匾于2012年6月23日图灵诞辰一百周年之际揭幕。 |
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− | 【最终版】图灵父亲的公务员委员会仍然很活跃,在图灵童年时期,他的父母经常往返于英国的黑斯廷斯和印度之间,留下两个儿子和一对退役的军人夫妇生活在一起。在黑斯廷斯,图灵住在海上圣伦纳德的巴斯顿小屋,现在这里有一块蓝色的牌匾。2012年6月23日,也就是图灵诞辰100周年之际,这个牌匾揭开了面纱。
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| Very early in life, Turing showed signs of the genius that he was later to display prominently.<ref name="toolbox">{{cite web |title=Alan Turing – Towards a Digital Mind: Part 1 |first=G. James |last=Jones |date=11 December 2001 |url=http://www.systemtoolbox.com/article.php?history_id=3 |access-date=27 July 2007 |work=System Toolbox |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070803163318/http://www.systemtoolbox.com/article.php?history_id=3 |archive-date=3 August 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> His parents purchased a house in [[Guildford]] in 1927, and Turing lived there during school holidays. The location is also marked with a blue plaque.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guildford-dragon.com/2012/11/29/founder-of-computer-science-alan-turings-guildford-stargazing/ |title=Guildford Dragon NEWS |publisher=The Guildford Dragon |date=29 November 2012 |access-date=31 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019062927/http://www.guildford-dragon.com/2012/11/29/founder-of-computer-science-alan-turings-guildford-stargazing/ |archive-date=19 October 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> | | Very early in life, Turing showed signs of the genius that he was later to display prominently.<ref name="toolbox">{{cite web |title=Alan Turing – Towards a Digital Mind: Part 1 |first=G. James |last=Jones |date=11 December 2001 |url=http://www.systemtoolbox.com/article.php?history_id=3 |access-date=27 July 2007 |work=System Toolbox |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070803163318/http://www.systemtoolbox.com/article.php?history_id=3 |archive-date=3 August 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> His parents purchased a house in [[Guildford]] in 1927, and Turing lived there during school holidays. The location is also marked with a blue plaque.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guildford-dragon.com/2012/11/29/founder-of-computer-science-alan-turings-guildford-stargazing/ |title=Guildford Dragon NEWS |publisher=The Guildford Dragon |date=29 November 2012 |access-date=31 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019062927/http://www.guildford-dragon.com/2012/11/29/founder-of-computer-science-alan-turings-guildford-stargazing/ |archive-date=19 October 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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− | 在他很小的时候,图灵就表现出了天才的迹象,后来他突出地展现了这一点。他的父母1927年在吉尔福德买了一所房子,图灵在学校放假期间住在那里。这个位置还有一块蓝色的牌匾。
| + | 【最终版】在很小的时候,图灵就表现出了他后来突出显示的天才的迹象。他的父母于1927年在吉尔福德购买了一栋房子,图灵在学校放假期间住在那里。这个地方也有一个蓝色的牌匾作为标记。 |
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− | 【最终版】在很小的时候,图灵就表现出了天才的迹象,他后来也表现得非常出色。1927年,图灵的父母在吉尔福德买了一套房子,他在学校放假的时候就住在那里。这个地点也用一块蓝色的牌子做了标记。
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| === School学校 === | | === School学校 === |
| Turing's parents enrolled him at St Michael's, a primary school at 20 Charles Road, [[St Leonards-on-Sea]], from the age of six to nine. The headmistress recognised his talent, noting that she has "...had clever boys and hardworking boys, but Alan is a genius."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cawthorne|first=Nigel|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/890938716|title=Alan Turing : the enigma man|date=2014|isbn=978-1-78404-535-7|location=London|pages=18|oclc=890938716}}</ref> | | Turing's parents enrolled him at St Michael's, a primary school at 20 Charles Road, [[St Leonards-on-Sea]], from the age of six to nine. The headmistress recognised his talent, noting that she has "...had clever boys and hardworking boys, but Alan is a genius."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cawthorne|first=Nigel|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/890938716|title=Alan Turing : the enigma man|date=2014|isbn=978-1-78404-535-7|location=London|pages=18|oclc=890938716}}</ref> |
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− | 图灵的父母把他送进了圣迈克尔学校,这是一所位于海上圣莱昂纳德查尔斯路20号的小学,从6岁到9岁不等。女校长认出了他的才能,并说她“ ... 有聪明的男孩和勤奋的男孩,但艾伦是一个天才。”
| + | 【最终版】图灵的父母在他6岁到9岁的时候,把他送到了圣迈克尔小学,那是一所位于圣伦纳德海滨查尔斯路20号的小学。女校长承认了他的才华,指出学校里“……有的孩子既聪明又勤奋,但艾伦是个天才。” |
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− | 【最终版】图灵的父母在他6岁到9岁的时候,把他送到了圣迈克尔小学,那是一所位于圣伦纳德海滨的查尔斯路20号的小学。女校长承认了他的才华,指出她“……有的孩子既聪明又勤奋,但艾伦是个天才。”
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| Between January 1922 and 1926, Turing was educated at Hazelhurst Preparatory School, an independent school in the village of [[Frant]] in Sussex (now [[East Sussex]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oldshirburnian.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/TURING-Alan-Mathison.pdf|title=Alan Turing Archive – Sherborne School (ARCHON CODE: GB1949)|author=Alan Mathison|work=Sherborne School, Dorset|date=April 2016|access-date=5 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226093015/http://oldshirburnian.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/TURING-Alan-Mathison.pdf|archive-date=26 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1926, at the age of 13, he went on to [[Sherborne School]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 September 2016|title=Alan Turing OBE, PhD, FRS (1912–1954)|url=https://oldshirburnian.org.uk/alan-turing/|access-date=10 October 2020|website=The Old Shirburnian Society|language=en-GB}}</ref> a boarding independent school in the market town of [[Sherborne]] in Dorset, where he boarded at Westcott House. The first day of term coincided with the [[1926 United Kingdom general strike|1926 General Strike]], in Britain, but Turing was so determined to attend, that he rode his bicycle unaccompanied {{convert|60|mi|km}} from [[Southampton]] to Sherborne, stopping overnight at an inn.<ref name="metamagical">{{Cite book|title=Metamagical Themas: Questing for the Essence of Mind and Pattern |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=o8jzWF7rD6oC&pg=PA484 484]|first=Douglas R. |last=Hofstadter |year=1985 |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=978-0-465-04566-2 |oclc=230812136}}</ref> | | Between January 1922 and 1926, Turing was educated at Hazelhurst Preparatory School, an independent school in the village of [[Frant]] in Sussex (now [[East Sussex]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://oldshirburnian.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/TURING-Alan-Mathison.pdf|title=Alan Turing Archive – Sherborne School (ARCHON CODE: GB1949)|author=Alan Mathison|work=Sherborne School, Dorset|date=April 2016|access-date=5 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226093015/http://oldshirburnian.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/TURING-Alan-Mathison.pdf|archive-date=26 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1926, at the age of 13, he went on to [[Sherborne School]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 September 2016|title=Alan Turing OBE, PhD, FRS (1912–1954)|url=https://oldshirburnian.org.uk/alan-turing/|access-date=10 October 2020|website=The Old Shirburnian Society|language=en-GB}}</ref> a boarding independent school in the market town of [[Sherborne]] in Dorset, where he boarded at Westcott House. The first day of term coincided with the [[1926 United Kingdom general strike|1926 General Strike]], in Britain, but Turing was so determined to attend, that he rode his bicycle unaccompanied {{convert|60|mi|km}} from [[Southampton]] to Sherborne, stopping overnight at an inn.<ref name="metamagical">{{Cite book|title=Metamagical Themas: Questing for the Essence of Mind and Pattern |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=o8jzWF7rD6oC&pg=PA484 484]|first=Douglas R. |last=Hofstadter |year=1985 |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=978-0-465-04566-2 |oclc=230812136}}</ref> |
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− | 1922年1月至1926年间,图灵在哈泽尔赫斯特预科学校接受教育,这是苏塞克斯郡(现为东苏塞克斯郡)弗兰特的一所独立学校。1926年,13岁的他进入了位于多塞特舍伯恩市镇的一所寄宿制独立学校---- 谢伯恩学校,在那里他在 Westcott House 寄宿。学期的第一天正好赶上1926年英国的总罢工,但是图灵决心要参加,他独自骑着自行车从南安普顿到了舍伯恩,在一家客栈过夜。
| + | 【最终版】1922年1月到1926年1月,图灵在哈泽尔赫斯特预备学校接受教育,这是一所位于苏塞克斯郡弗兰特村(现为东苏塞克斯郡)的独立学校。1926年,13岁的他进入了位于多塞特郡集镇舍伯恩的独立寄宿学校--舍伯恩学校,他在那里的Westcott House寄宿。学期的第一天恰好是英国1926年大罢工的日子,但图灵决心参加,他骑着自行车在无人陪伴的情况下从南安普顿到谢尔伯恩,在一家旅馆过夜。 |
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− | 【最终版】1922年1月到1926年1月,图灵在Hazelhurst预备学校接受教育,这是苏塞克斯(现在的东苏塞克斯)弗朗特村的一所独立学校。1926年,13岁的他上了舍尔伯尼学校,这是一所寄宿独立学校,位于多塞特郡的舍尔伯尼镇,他寄宿在韦斯科特之家。这个学期的第一天,正值英国1926年的大罢工,但图灵决心参加,于是他独自骑上了自己的自行车:从南安普顿转到舍尔伯尼,在一家旅馆过夜。
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| Turing's natural inclination towards mathematics and science did not earn him respect from some of the teachers at Sherborne, whose definition of education placed more emphasis on the [[classics]]. His headmaster wrote to his parents: "I hope he will not fall between two stools. If he is to stay at public school, he must aim at becoming ''educated''. If he is to be solely a ''Scientific Specialist'', he is wasting his time at a public school".<ref>{{Harvnb|Hodges|1983|p=26}}</ref> Despite this, Turing continued to show remarkable ability in the studies he loved, solving advanced problems in 1927 without having studied even elementary [[calculus]]. In 1928, aged 16, Turing encountered [[Albert Einstein]]'s work; not only did he grasp it, but it is possible that he managed to deduce Einstein's questioning of [[Newton's laws of motion]] from a text in which this was never made explicit.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hodges|1983|p=34}}</ref> | | Turing's natural inclination towards mathematics and science did not earn him respect from some of the teachers at Sherborne, whose definition of education placed more emphasis on the [[classics]]. His headmaster wrote to his parents: "I hope he will not fall between two stools. If he is to stay at public school, he must aim at becoming ''educated''. If he is to be solely a ''Scientific Specialist'', he is wasting his time at a public school".<ref>{{Harvnb|Hodges|1983|p=26}}</ref> Despite this, Turing continued to show remarkable ability in the studies he loved, solving advanced problems in 1927 without having studied even elementary [[calculus]]. In 1928, aged 16, Turing encountered [[Albert Einstein]]'s work; not only did he grasp it, but it is possible that he managed to deduce Einstein's questioning of [[Newton's laws of motion]] from a text in which this was never made explicit.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hodges|1983|p=34}}</ref> |
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− | 图灵对数学和科学的天生倾向并没有赢得舍伯恩大学一些教师的尊重,他们对教育的定义更多地强调古典学。他的校长在给父母的信中写道: “我希望他不要两头落空。如果他想留在公立学校,他必须以受教育为目标。如果他只想成为一名科学专家,那他就是在公立学校里浪费时间。”。尽管如此,图灵在他热爱的研究中继续表现出非凡的能力,在1927年,他甚至没有学过初等微积分就解决了高级问题。1928年,16岁的图灵遇到了阿尔伯特 · 爱因斯坦的工作; 他不仅掌握了它,而且有可能他设法从一篇从未明确阐述过的文章中推断出爱因斯坦对牛顿运动定律的质疑。
| + | 【最终版】图灵对数学和科学的自然倾向并没有为他赢得舍伯恩的一些老师的尊重,他们对教育的定义更强调经典。他的校长给他的父母写信说 "我希望他不会在两张凳子之间跌倒。如果他要留在公立学校,他必须以成为有教养的人为目标。如果他只想成为一名科学专家,那么他在公立学校是在浪费时间"。尽管如此,图灵仍然在他所喜爱的研究中表现出非凡的能力,在1927年,他甚至没有学习过初级微积分,就解决了高级问题。1928年,16岁的图灵看到了阿尔伯特-爱因斯坦的作品;他不仅掌握了它,而且有可能他设法从一篇从未明确说明的文本中推导出爱因斯坦对牛顿运动定律的质疑。 |
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− | 【最终版】图灵对数学和科学的自然倾向并没有赢得舍尔伯尼一些老师的尊重,他们对教育的定义更强调经典。他的校长在给父母的信中说:“我希望他不要两头落空。如果他要留在公立学校,他必须以受教育为目标。如果他仅仅是一个科学专家,他在公立学校是在浪费时间。”尽管如此,图灵仍然在他所热爱的研究中表现出非凡的能力,1927年,他在没有学习初级微积分的情况下就解决了高级问题。1928年,16岁的图灵看到了爱因斯坦的作品;他不仅理解了这一点,而且有可能他成功地从一篇从来没有明确说明的文本中推断出爱因斯坦对牛顿运动定律的质疑。
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| === Christopher Morcom克里斯托弗 莫科姆 === | | === Christopher Morcom克里斯托弗 莫科姆 === |
| At Sherborne, Turing formed a significant friendship with fellow pupil Christopher Collan Morcom (13 July 1911 – 13 February 1930),<ref>[https://oldshirburnian.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Obituary-for-Christopher-Morcom-The-Shirburnian-March-1930.pdf ''The Shirburnian'']</ref> who has been described as Turing's "first love". Their relationship provided inspiration in Turing's future endeavours, but it was cut short by Morcom's death, in February 1930, from complications of [[bovine tuberculosis]], contracted after drinking infected cow's milk some years previously.<ref name="NYReviewBooks">{{cite web|author=Caryl, Christian|title=Poor Imitation of Alan Turing|url=http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2014/dec/19/poor-imitation-alan-turing/|newspaper=[[New York Review of Books]]|date=19 December 2014|access-date=9 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107010418/http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2014/dec/19/poor-imitation-alan-turing/|archive-date=7 January 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Rachel Hassall, [http://oldshirburnian.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/The-Sherborne-Formula-Vivat-2012-2013-optimised.pdf 'The Sherborne Formula: The Making of Alan Turing'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415082353/http://oldshirburnian.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/The-Sherborne-Formula-Vivat-2012-2013-optimised.pdf |date=15 April 2014 }} 'Vivat!' 2012/13</ref><ref name="teuscher">{{Cite book|editor-last=Teuscher |editor-first=Christof|editor-link=Christof Teuscher |title=Alan Turing: Life and Legacy of a Great Thinker |year=2004 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer-Verlag]] |isbn=978-3-540-20020-8 |oclc=53434737 }}</ref>Rachel Hassall, 'The Sherborne Formula: The Making of Alan Turing' 'Vivat!' 2012/13 | | At Sherborne, Turing formed a significant friendship with fellow pupil Christopher Collan Morcom (13 July 1911 – 13 February 1930),<ref>[https://oldshirburnian.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Obituary-for-Christopher-Morcom-The-Shirburnian-March-1930.pdf ''The Shirburnian'']</ref> who has been described as Turing's "first love". Their relationship provided inspiration in Turing's future endeavours, but it was cut short by Morcom's death, in February 1930, from complications of [[bovine tuberculosis]], contracted after drinking infected cow's milk some years previously.<ref name="NYReviewBooks">{{cite web|author=Caryl, Christian|title=Poor Imitation of Alan Turing|url=http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2014/dec/19/poor-imitation-alan-turing/|newspaper=[[New York Review of Books]]|date=19 December 2014|access-date=9 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150107010418/http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2014/dec/19/poor-imitation-alan-turing/|archive-date=7 January 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Rachel Hassall, [http://oldshirburnian.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/The-Sherborne-Formula-Vivat-2012-2013-optimised.pdf 'The Sherborne Formula: The Making of Alan Turing'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415082353/http://oldshirburnian.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/The-Sherborne-Formula-Vivat-2012-2013-optimised.pdf |date=15 April 2014 }} 'Vivat!' 2012/13</ref><ref name="teuscher">{{Cite book|editor-last=Teuscher |editor-first=Christof|editor-link=Christof Teuscher |title=Alan Turing: Life and Legacy of a Great Thinker |year=2004 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer-Verlag]] |isbn=978-3-540-20020-8 |oclc=53434737 }}</ref>Rachel Hassall, 'The Sherborne Formula: The Making of Alan Turing' 'Vivat!' 2012/13 |
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− | 在舍伯恩,图灵与同学 Christopher Collan Morcom (1911年7月13日 -1930年2月13日)建立了深厚的友谊,这位舍布尔人被称为图灵的“初恋”。他们的关系为图灵未来的努力提供了灵感,但由于1930年2月莫尔科姆死于多年前因饮用受感染的牛奶而感染的牛结核病并发症,这段关系被迫中断。雷切尔 · 哈索尔(Rachel Hassall) ,《舍伯恩公式: 阿兰 · 图灵的诞生》(The Sherborne Formula: The Making of Alan Turing)《维瓦特! 》2012/13
| + | 【最终版】在舍尔伯尼,图灵和他的同学克里斯托弗·科兰·莫科姆(1911年7月13日- 1930年2月13日)建立了重要的友谊,后者被称为图灵的“初恋”。他们的关系为图灵未来的努力提供了灵感,但这段关系因1930年2月莫科姆死于牛结核病的并发症而中断,这是几年前喝了受感染的牛奶后感染的。艾伦-图灵的诞生》"Vivat!" 2012/13 |
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− | 【最终版】在舍尔伯尼,图灵和他的同学克里斯托弗·科兰·默卡(1911年7月13日- 1930年2月13日)建立了重要的友谊,后者被称为图灵的“初恋”。他们的关系为图灵未来的努力提供了灵感,但这段关系因1930年2月默卡死于牛结核病的并发症而中断,这是几年前喝了受感染的牛奶后感染的。
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− | The event caused Turing great sorrow. He coped with his grief by working that much harder on the topics of science and mathematics that he had shared with Morcom. In a letter to Morcom's mother, Frances Isobel Morcom (née Swan), Turing wrote:{{blockquote|I am sure I could not have found anywhere another companion so brilliant and yet so charming and unconceited. I regarded my interest in my work, and in such things as astronomy (to which he introduced me) as something to be shared with him and I think he felt a little the same about me ... I know I must put as much energy if not as much interest into my work as if he were alive, because that is what he would like me to do.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hodges|1983|p=61}}</ref>}}这件事给图灵带来了巨大的悲痛。他与莫科姆一起在科学和数学方面付出了更多的努力,以此来应对自己的悲痛。图灵在写给莫科姆母亲弗朗西丝 · 伊泽贝尔 · 莫科姆(弗朗西丝 · 斯旺饰)的信中写道:
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− | 我敢肯定,我在任何地方都找不到另一个如此才华横溢、却又如此迷人、毫无想象力的伴侣。我把我对我的工作的兴趣,以及对天文学(他向我介绍的)的兴趣,看作是与他分享的东西,我想他对我的感觉也有点一样;。。。我知道,如果我的工作没有他活着时那么有兴趣,我也必须投入同样多的精力,因为他希望我这样做。
| + | The event caused Turing great sorrow. He coped with his grief by working that much harder on the topics of science and mathematics that he had shared with Morcom. In a letter to Morcom's mother, Frances Isobel Morcom (née Swan), Turing wrote:{{blockquote|I am sure I could not have found anywhere another companion so brilliant and yet so charming and unconceited. I regarded my interest in my work, and in such things as astronomy (to which he introduced me) as something to be shared with him and I think he felt a little the same about me ... I know I must put as much energy if not as much interest into my work as if he were alive, because that is what he would like me to do.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hodges|1983|p=61}}</ref>}} |
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− | 【最终版】这件事使图灵非常难过。为了克服悲伤,他更加努力地研究他和默卡分享过的科学和数学话题。在给默卡母亲弗朗西斯·伊泽贝尔·默卡(née Swan)的一封信中,图灵写道:
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− | 我敢肯定,我在任何地方都找不到另一个如此聪明、如此迷人、如此谦逊的伴侣。我把我对工作和天文学(他向我介绍的)等方面的兴趣当作可以和他分享的东西,我想他对我也有同样的感觉……我
| + | 【最终版】这件事使图灵非常难过。为了克服悲伤,他通过更加努力地研究他与莫科姆共享的科学和数学课题。在给莫科姆母亲弗朗西斯·伊泽贝尔·莫科姆(née Swan)的一封信中,图灵写道: |
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− | 知道我必须在我的工作上投入尽可能多的精力,如果不是像他活着那样多的兴趣,因为那是他希望我做的事。
| + | 我敢肯定,我在任何地方都找不到另一个如此聪明、如此迷人、如此谦逊的伴侣。我把我对工作和天文学(他向我介绍的)等方面的兴趣当作可以和他分享的东西,我想他对我也有同样的感觉……我知道我必须在我的工作上投入尽可能多的精力,如果不是像他活着那样多的兴趣,因为那是他希望我做的事。 |
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| Turing's relationship with Morcom's mother continued long after Morcom's death, with her sending gifts to Turing, and him sending letters, typically on Morcom's birthday.<ref>{{cite book |title=Alan Turing: The Enigma |publisher=Princeton University Press |author-link=Andrew Hodges |last=Hodges |first=Andrew |page=[https://archive.org/details/alanturingenigma0000hodg/page/87 87] |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-691-15564-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/alanturingenigma0000hodg|url-access=registration }}</ref> A day before the third anniversary of Morcom's death (13 February 1933), he wrote to Mrs. Morcom:{{blockquote|I expect you will be thinking of Chris when this reaches you. I shall too, and this letter is just to tell you that I shall be thinking of Chris and of you tomorrow. I am sure that he is as happy now as he was when he was here. Your affectionate Alan.<ref>{{cite book |title=Alan Turing: The Enigma |publisher=Princeton University Press |author-link=Andrew Hodges |last=Hodges |first=Andrew |page=[https://archive.org/details/alanturingenigma0000hodg/page/90 90] |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-691-15564-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/alanturingenigma0000hodg|url-access=registration }}</ref>}}图灵和莫科姆的母亲的关系在莫科姆去世很久之后依然存在,她给图灵寄去了礼物,他也给莫科姆写了信,通常是在莫科姆的生日那天。在莫尔科姆逝世三周年的前一天(1933年2月13日) ,他写信给莫尔科姆夫人: | | Turing's relationship with Morcom's mother continued long after Morcom's death, with her sending gifts to Turing, and him sending letters, typically on Morcom's birthday.<ref>{{cite book |title=Alan Turing: The Enigma |publisher=Princeton University Press |author-link=Andrew Hodges |last=Hodges |first=Andrew |page=[https://archive.org/details/alanturingenigma0000hodg/page/87 87] |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-691-15564-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/alanturingenigma0000hodg|url-access=registration }}</ref> A day before the third anniversary of Morcom's death (13 February 1933), he wrote to Mrs. Morcom:{{blockquote|I expect you will be thinking of Chris when this reaches you. I shall too, and this letter is just to tell you that I shall be thinking of Chris and of you tomorrow. I am sure that he is as happy now as he was when he was here. Your affectionate Alan.<ref>{{cite book |title=Alan Turing: The Enigma |publisher=Princeton University Press |author-link=Andrew Hodges |last=Hodges |first=Andrew |page=[https://archive.org/details/alanturingenigma0000hodg/page/90 90] |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-691-15564-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/alanturingenigma0000hodg|url-access=registration }}</ref>}}图灵和莫科姆的母亲的关系在莫科姆去世很久之后依然存在,她给图灵寄去了礼物,他也给莫科姆写了信,通常是在莫科姆的生日那天。在莫尔科姆逝世三周年的前一天(1933年2月13日) ,他写信给莫尔科姆夫人: |