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When Tsien had returned from China with his new bride in 1947, he had answered "no" on an immigration questionnaire that asked if he ever had been a member of an organization advocating overthrow of the U.S. Government by force. This, together with an American [[CPUSA|Communist Party]] document from 1938 with Tsien's name on it, was used to argue that Tsien was a national security threat. Prosecutors also cited a cross-examination session where Tsien said, "I owe allegiance to the people of China" and would "certainly not" let the United States government make his decision for him as to whom he would owe allegiance to in the event of a conflict between the U.S. and communist China.<ref>{{harvnb|Ryan|Summerlin|1968|pp=113, 115}}</ref>

When Tsien had returned from China with his new bride in 1947, he had answered "no" on an immigration questionnaire that asked if he ever had been a member of an organization advocating overthrow of the U.S. Government by force. This, together with an American [[CPUSA|Communist Party]] document from 1938 with Tsien's name on it, was used to argue that Tsien was a national security threat. Prosecutors also cited a cross-examination session where Tsien said, "I owe allegiance to the people of China" and would "certainly not" let the United States government make his decision for him as to whom he would owe allegiance to in the event of a conflict between the U.S. and communist China.<ref>{{harvnb|Ryan|Summerlin|1968|pp=113, 115}}</ref>

1947年，钱学森带着他的新娘从中国回来时，他在一份移民调查问卷中回答“不”，该问卷询问他是否曾是一个鼓吹以武力推翻美国政府的组织的成员。这一点，加上1938年的一份美国[CPUSA |共产党]]文件上面写着钱学森的名字，被用来证明钱学森是一个国家安全威胁。检方还引述了一次盘问环节，钱学森说，“我对中国人民有效忠义务”，如果美国和共产主义中国发生冲突，他“肯定不会”让美国政府替他决定效忠谁。

 

1947年，当钱学森带着他的新娘从中国返回美国时，他在一份询问他是否曾是一个鼓吹以武力推翻美国政府的组织的成员的移民调查问卷中回答“不”。这一问卷与1938年的一份美国[CPUSA |共产党]]文件上面写着钱学森的名字，被居心叵测的人利用以试图证明钱学森是一个对美国国家安全的威胁。检方还引述了一次盘问环节中钱学森的话，“我对中国人民有效忠义务”，如果美国和共产主义中国发生冲突，他“肯定不会”让美国政府替他决定他该效忠哪一个国家。

 

During this time, Tsien wrote Engineering Cybernetics, which was published by McGraw Hill in 1954. The book deals with the practice of stabilizing servomechanisms. In its 18 chapters, it considers non-interacting controls of many-variable systems, control design by perturbation theory, and von Neumann's theory of error control (chapter 18). Ezra Krendel reviewed the book, stating that it is "difficult to overstate the value of Tsien's book to those interested in the overall theory of complex control systems." Evidently, Tsien's approach is primarily practical, as Krendel notes that for servomechanisms, the "usual linear design criterion of stability is inadequate and other criteria arising from the physics of the problem must be used."

During this time, Tsien wrote Engineering Cybernetics, which was published by McGraw Hill in 1954. The book deals with the practice of stabilizing servomechanisms. In its 18 chapters, it considers non-interacting controls of many-variable systems, control design by perturbation theory, and von Neumann's theory of error control (chapter 18). Ezra Krendel reviewed the book, stating that it is "difficult to overstate the value of Tsien's book to those interested in the overall theory of complex control systems." Evidently, Tsien's approach is primarily practical, as Krendel notes that for servomechanisms, the "usual linear design criterion of stability is inadequate and other criteria arising from the physics of the problem must be used."

在此期间，钱学森撰写了《工程控制论》 ，并于1954年由麦格劳 · 希尔出版社出版。这本书论述了稳定伺服机构的实践。在它的18章中，它考虑了多变量系统的非相互作用控制，摄动理论的控制设计，和 von Neumann 的错误控制理论(第18章)。埃兹拉 · 克伦德尔评论了这本书，指出“对于那些对复杂控制系统的整体理论感兴趣的人来说，很难夸大钱永健这本书的价值。”显然，钱的方法主要是实用的，正如克伦德尔指出，对于伺服机构，“通常的线性稳定性设计标准是不充分的，其他标准产生的物理问题必须使用。”

在此期间，钱学森撰写了《工程控制论》 ，并于1954年由麦格劳 · 希尔出版社出版。这本书论述了稳定伺服机构的实践。在这本书的18章中，它考虑了多变量系统的非相互作用控制、摄动理论的控制设计和 von Neumann 的错误控制理论(第18章)。埃兹拉 · 克伦德尔评论了这本书，指出“对于那些对复杂控制系统的整体理论感兴趣的人来说，很难夸大钱永健这本书的价值。”显然，钱的方法主要是实用的，正如克伦德尔指出，对于伺服机构，“通常的线性稳定性设计标准是不够的，必须使用从其他物理问题中产生的标准。”

On 26 April 1951, Tsien was declared subject to deportation and forbidden from leaving [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles County]] without permission, effectively placing him under [[house arrest]].<ref>{{harvnb|Ryan|Summerlin|1968|p=141}}</ref>

On 26 April 1951, Tsien was declared subject to deportation and forbidden from leaving [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles County]] without permission, effectively placing him under [[house arrest]].<ref>{{harvnb|Ryan|Summerlin|1968|p=141}}</ref>

1951年4月26日，钱学森被宣布被驱逐出境，并禁止未经许可离开[加利福尼亚州洛杉矶市]]，实际上对他实行了[[软禁]]。

1951年4月26日，美国政府宣布驱逐钱学森，并禁止他未经许可离开[加利福尼亚州洛杉矶市]]，实际上对他实行了[[软禁]]。

Qian became the subject of five years of secret diplomacy and negotiation between the U.S. and China. During this time, he lived under constant surveillance with the permission to teach without any classified research duties. Qian arrived at Hong Kong on 8 October 1955 and entered China via the Kowloon–Canton Railway later that day.

Qian became the subject of five years of secret diplomacy and negotiation between the U.S. and China. During this time, he lived under constant surveillance with the permission to teach without any classified research duties. Qian arrived at Hong Kong on 8 October 1955 and entered China via the Kowloon–Canton Railway later that day.

During this time, Tsien wrote ''Engineering Cybernetics'', which was published by [[McGraw Hill]] in 1954. The book deals with the practice of stabilizing [[servomechanism]]s. In its 18 chapters, it considers non-interacting controls of many-variable systems, control design by [[perturbation theory]], and [[John von Neumann|von Neumann]]'s theory of [[error control]] (chapter 18). Ezra Krendel reviewed<ref>Ezra Krendel (1955) "Review of Engineering Cybernetics", [[Journal of the Franklin Institute]] 259(4): 367</ref> the book, stating that it is "difficult to overstate the value of Tsien's book to those interested in the overall theory of complex [[control system]]s." Evidently, Tsien's approach is primarily practical, as Krendel notes that for servomechanisms, the "usual linear design criterion of stability is inadequate and other criteria arising from the physics of the problem must be used."

During this time, Tsien wrote ''Engineering Cybernetics'', which was published by [[McGraw Hill]] in 1954. The book deals with the practice of stabilizing [[servomechanism]]s. In its 18 chapters, it considers non-interacting controls of many-variable systems, control design by [[perturbation theory]], and [[John von Neumann|von Neumann]]'s theory of [[error control]] (chapter 18). Ezra Krendel reviewed<ref>Ezra Krendel (1955) "Review of Engineering Cybernetics", [[Journal of the Franklin Institute]] 259(4): 367</ref> the book, stating that it is "difficult to overstate the value of Tsien's book to those interested in the overall theory of complex [[control system]]s." Evidently, Tsien's approach is primarily practical, as Krendel notes that for servomechanisms, the "usual linear design criterion of stability is inadequate and other criteria arising from the physics of the problem must be used."

在这期间，钱学森写了《工程控制论》，1954年由[[McGraw-Hill]]出版。这本书论述了稳定[[伺服机构]]的实践。在其18章中，它考虑了许多变量系统的非交互控制，[[微扰理论]]的控制设计，以及[[约翰.冯.诺依曼]]的[[误差控制]理论（第18章）。埃兹拉·克伦德尔回顾了《富兰克林学院学报》这本书，指出“对于那些对复杂[[控制系统]]整体理论感兴趣的人来说，很难夸大钱学森的书的价值。”显然，钱学森的方法主要是实用的，正如克伦德尔指出的，对于伺服机构，“通常的线性稳定性设计准则是不充分的，必须使用由问题的物理性质产生的其他准则。”  

在这期间，钱学森写了《工程控制论》，1954年由[[McGraw-Hill]]出版。这本书论述了稳定[[伺服机构]]的实践。在其18章中，它考虑了许多变量系统的非交互控制，[[微扰理论]]的控制设计，以及[[约翰.冯.诺依曼]]的[[误差控制]理论（第18章）。埃兹拉·克伦德尔回顾了《富兰克林学院学报》这本书，指出“对于那些对复杂[[控制系统]]整体理论感兴趣的人来说，很难夸大钱学森的书的价值。”显然，钱学森的方法主要是实用的，正如克伦德尔指出的，对于伺服机构，“通常的线性稳定性设计准则是不充分的，必须使用由问题的物理性质产生的其他准则。”