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  • …tions of a Resilience Framework | journal = [[Annual Review of Environment and Resources]] | volume = 32 | pages = 395–419 | doi=10.1146/annurev.energy. …rnal stresses imposed upon it by climate change and (2) adapt, reorganize, and evolve into more desirable configurations that improve the sustainability…
    180 KB(19,246个字) - 2022年1月19日 (三) 17:55
  • 12 KB(1,289个字) - 2022年1月20日 (四) 21:33
  • …gy|total energy]], [[Thermodynamic free energy|free energy]], [[entropy]], and [[pressure]], can be expressed in terms of the partition function or its [[ …any physical meanings, as discussed in [[#Meaning and significance|Meaning and significance]].
    41 KB(4,742个字) - 2021年11月26日 (五) 15:14
  • …en |first4=Juho |last5=Gabbouj |first5=Moncef |last6=Iosifidis |first6=Alexandros |date=July 2017 |title=Forecasting Stock Prices from the Limit Order Boo …al image analysis, natural language processing, brain–computer interfaces, and financial time series.
    220 KB(25,639个字) - 2022年7月4日 (一) 10:44
  • == Fitness Landscape Epistasis And Recombination == By MANUEL BELTRÁN DEL RÍO, CHRISTOPHER R. STEPHENS, and DAVID A. ROSENBLUETH<br>
    79 KB(11,612个字) - 2020年10月14日 (三) 22:13
  • …熵是指在给定过去值Y得到过去值X时,Y值不确定性的减少量。更具体地,如果Xt和Yt(t∈N)表示两个随机过程,且信息量用'''香农熵 Shannon entropy'''测量,则转移熵可以写为: …fer between financial time series|journal=Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications|language=en|volume=391|issue=10|pages=2971–2989|doi=10.1
    10 KB(995个字) - 2020年12月28日 (一) 00:47
  • == Fisher transfer entropy: quantifying the gain in transient sensitivity == …a ferromagnetic two-dimensional lattice Ising model with Glauber dynamics and is shown to diverge at the critical point.''
    44 KB(6,437个字) - 2020年10月14日 (三) 21:27
  • == Scaling and universality in urban economic diversification == …c implications of open-ended diversity created by urbanization, for understanding the observed empirical distribution. Given the universal distribution,…
    70 KB(9,988个字) - 2020年10月14日 (三) 22:12
  • By Aldo Mascareño, Eric Goles, and Gonzalo A. Ruz …crises, their temporal transitions (incubation, contagion, restructuring), and the suitable modeling techniques to represent them. Third, we illustrate th
    135 KB(12,045个字) - 2020年10月14日 (三) 22:02
  • …Casas-Vázquez 2008">Lebon, G., Jou, D., Casas-Vázquez, J. (2008). ''Understanding Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics: Foundations, Applications, Frontiers'',
    39 KB(2,304个字) - 2020年10月18日 (日) 13:25
  • …koszka|first1=Andrzej|title=States of Consciousness: Models for Psychology and Psychotherapy|date=2007|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|locatio
    32 KB(4,077个字) - 2021年1月22日 (五) 11:58
  • …'、'''<font color="#ff8000"> 能量 energy</font>'''和'''<font color="#ff8000">熵 entropy</font>''',这些物理量表征处于热力学平衡的热力学系统。 …ef name="LJCV 2008">Lebon, G., Jou, D., Casas-Vázquez, J. (2008). ''Understanding Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics. Foundations, Applications, Frontiers'',
    21 KB(1,121个字) - 2020年12月27日 (日) 22:28
  • …non-life, whereas consciousness is spontaneously generated from life. Life and consciousness appear to have strikingly comparable self-generating systems. …-line researchers in areas including physics,biology,philosophy of science and computer science.They organized this three-season "Self-Generating Structur
    38 KB(5,243个字) - 2024年5月3日 (五) 09:16
  • …irst2=Joy A.|last1=Cover|last2=Thomas|isbn=0-471-06259-6|title=Elements of Information Theory|year=1991|publisher=Wiley|location=New York|url=https://archive.org/
    20 KB(2,129个字) - 2021年10月27日 (三) 20:59
  • {{Information theory}} …1948 and was based in part on earlier work and ideas of [[Harry Nyquist]] and [[Ralph Hartley]].
    35 KB(4,629个字) - 2021年1月15日 (五) 17:11
  • …dynamic equilibrium]] in an environment with which it exchanges [[energy]] and [[matter]]. A tornado may be thought of as a dissipative system. …common examples include [[laser]]s, [[Bénard cells]], [[droplet cluster]], and the [[Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction]].<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|last1
    22 KB(2,237个字) - 2022年1月18日 (二) 17:17
  • …the nineteenth century, evolutive abiogenesis means increasing complexity and evolution of matter from inert to living state in the abiotic context of ev …5 |title= A New History of Life: the radical discoveries about the origins and evolution of life on earth |publisher= Bloomsbury Press |pages= 39–40 |is
    251 KB(20,548个字) - 2021年7月12日 (一) 11:13
  • {{short description|The multiple interactions and regulation of life forms with their environment}} …re maintained by flowing [[information]], [[energy flow (ecology)|energy]] and [[matter]].
    25 KB(2,262个字) - 2023年1月30日 (一) 19:28
  • …t|Maximum Power Principle in [[Energy Systems Language]] adapted from Odum and Odum 2000, p. 38|链接=Special:FilePath/MaximumPowerESL.gif]] …er intake, energy transformation, and those uses that reinforce production and efficiency."<ref>H.T. Odum 1995, p.&nbsp;311</ref>
    36 KB(4,217个字) - 2022年3月23日 (三) 11:39
  • {{Short description|Situations involving imperfect or unknown information}} …logy]], [[engineering]], [[metrology]], [[meteorology]], [[ecology]] and [[information science]].
    70 KB(7,741个字) - 2022年6月29日 (三) 14:14
  • …d 13 (aqua). Such arrangements have been noticed since the [[Middle Ages]] and can be used to make mathematical models of a wide variety of plants.]] …s: Cells and their physical constraints | journal = Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology | volume = 122 | issue = 1 | pages = 58–69 | date = Oct
    75 KB(8,339个字) - 2022年6月10日 (五) 19:25
  • …Berdahl, Christa Brelsford, Caterina De Bacco, Marion Dumas, Vanessa Ferdinand, Joshua A. Grochow, Laurent Hébert-Dufresne, Yoav Kallus, Christopher P. K …which can be facilitated in biological systems by horizontal transmission and in social systems by active spreading strategies of infected individuals.''
    91 KB(7,595个字) - 2020年10月14日 (三) 21:03
  • …ref><ref name=":1">Hoel E P. When the map is better than the territory[J]. Entropy, 2017, 19(5): 188.</ref>。马尔可夫动力学系统是指系统在某一 …生物学家[[Erik hoel|Erik Hoel]]尝试将因果引入涌现的衡量,提出了因果涌现这一概念,并且使用[[有效信息]](Effective Information,简称EI)来量化系统动力学的因果性强弱<ref name=":0" /><re
    49 KB(2,201个字) - 2023年11月17日 (五) 15:37
  • …ig, H.: (2009) "Exact thermodynamic principles for dynamic order existence and evolution in chaos", ''Chaos, Solitons & Fractals'', v. '''41(4)''', pp. 19
    10 KB(772个字) - 2020年11月8日 (日) 17:31
  • …L }}</ref> Recurrent neural networks are theoretically [[Turing complete]] and can run arbitrary programs to process arbitrary sequences of inputs.<ref>{{ …h recognition. Recurrent neural networks are theoretically Turing complete and can run arbitrary programs to process arbitrary sequences of inputs.
    115 KB(13,540个字) - 2022年7月4日 (一) 10:50
  • …= Ludwig | title = The second law of thermodynamics (Theoretical physics and philosophical problems)| publisher = Springer-Verlag New York, LLC | year… …s.google.com/books?id=96AAAAAAMAAJ|location=New York|publisher=D. Van Nostrand|year=1876}}</ref></blockquote>
    30 KB(1,519个字) - 2021年10月24日 (日) 23:21
  • …e activities can be viewed as two facets of the same field of application, and together they have undergone substantial development over the past few deca …e activities can be viewed as two facets of the same field of application, and together they have undergone substantial development over the past few deca
    78 KB(8,747个字) - 2021年2月17日 (三) 21:17
  • 作者:Espinosa, Angela and Walker, Jon [[合作物种:人类的互惠性及演化 A Cooperative Species: Human Reciprocity and Its Evolution]](未建立词条)
    53 KB(882个字) - 2020年10月14日 (三) 21:54
  • …e of three basic machine learning paradigms, alongside supervised learning and unsupervised learning. …e of three basic machine learning paradigms, alongside supervised learning and unsupervised learning.
    77 KB(8,717个字) - 2024年2月21日 (三) 23:25
  • …>{{Citation|journal=Evolutionary Systems| title=Selected self-organization and the semiotics of evolutionary systems| year=1998| first=Luis M.| last=Rocha …f the DNA molecule by Watson and Crick and how it is separately translated and replicated in the cell.
    87 KB(9,620个字) - 2022年6月10日 (五) 19:22
  • …computer scientist) |author=Charles H. Bennett |journal=Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=501–510 |year=200 …//spectrum.ieee.org/computing/hardware/landauer-limit-demonstrated |title=Landauer Limit Demonstrated - IEEE Spectrum |publisher=Spectrum.ieee.org |date=
    14 KB(1,087个字) - 2021年1月22日 (五) 10:19
  • | publisher = Longmans, Green and Co. …e=Slovenian |trans-title=Ludwig Boltzmann and the First Student of Physics and Mathematics of Slovene Descent |date=December 2001 |last=Južnič |first=St
    31 KB(2,003个字) - 2022年6月17日 (五) 16:03
  • * 1. Complexity, Entropy and the Physics of Information …件:Complexity,entropy and.jpg|居中|缩略图|Complexity, Entropy and the Physics of Information]]
    36 KB(694个字) - 2021年8月17日 (二) 10:31
  • …ing [[science]], [[engineering]], [[philosophy]], [[medicine]], [[sport]], and [[law]]. In the philosophy of [[decision theory]], Bayesian inference is cl …are compatible with rationality, according to philosophers [[Ian Hacking]] and [[Bas van&nbsp;Fraassen]].<ref>Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy; Bayesia
    94 KB(10,330个字) - 2022年5月3日 (二) 12:53
  • …oi=10.4204/EPTCS.95.1|issn=2075-2180|arxiv=1111.3620|s2cid=9046880}}</ref> and [[Coupling (probability)|probabilistic couplings]].<ref name=":11">{{Cite… …ne|first=Arthur|date=1982-02-01|title=Hidden Variables, Joint Probability, and the Bell Inequalities|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=48|issue=5|pag
    75 KB(8,547个字) - 2022年10月12日 (三) 15:12
  • …f>{{cite book |last = Waldner|first = Jean-Baptiste |title = Nanocomputers and Swarm Intelligence |publisher = ISTE Ltd John Wiley & Sons|place = London… …通信方法常被作为一种典型范式<ref>{{cite book |last = Monmarché Nicolas, Guinand Frédéric and Siarry Patrick |title = Artificial Ants |publisher = Wiley-ISTE |year =…
    67 KB(6,205个字) - 2021年2月20日 (六) 17:14
  • …ms assumes that the equations determining the dynamics do not contain any random perturbations, noise, etc. Thus, the statistics with which we are concern …nitial state. Stronger properties, such as [[mixing (mathematics)|mixing]] and [[equidistribution]], have also been extensively studied.
    39 KB(4,090个字) - 2022年10月12日 (三) 15:43
  • …cell has not yet been achieved in a laboratory setting, the goal to understand the process appears well within reach.<ref name="Exploring">{{cite web |url | first2 = Alexander
    77 KB(6,099个字) - 2022年4月3日 (日) 20:28
  • …12page2922">{{cite book|author=J. Michael Steele|title=Stochastic Calculus and Financial Applications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fsgkBAAAQBAJ&p …eele200122">{{cite book|author=J. Michael Steele|title=Stochastic Calculus and Financial Applications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H06xzeRQgV4C|y
    139 KB(13,874个字) - 2022年3月12日 (六) 08:41
  • {{Short description|Model for generating observable data in probability and statistics}} …rvnb|Jebara|2004}}, and {{harvnb|Mitchell|2015}}, give different divisions and definitions.}} but three major types can be distinguished, following {{harv
    39 KB(4,720个字) - 2022年6月29日 (三) 14:35
  • …aft is better looking than Limestone, but Limestone projects seaworthiness and reliability)。(两种态度,两个品牌)。 …量化模式提供了线索,即根据对一个人的语言行为的分析来研究其心理状态。<ref name=":4">Gottschalk, Louis August, and Goldine C. Gleser. The measurement of psychological states through the cont
    55 KB(3,734个字) - 2021年9月1日 (三) 20:15
  • 在关于'''游荡集合 Wandering Sets'''的文章中给出了一种对耗散系统进行数学建模的 …phase transition between maximum entropy production structures and minimum entropy production structures?|journal=Complexity|date=2 January 2015|volume=20|iss
    15 KB(1,176个字) - 2020年10月18日 (日) 12:07
  • …ion: Transactions of the University of Illinois Symposium, H. Von Foerster and G. W. Zopf, Jr. (eds.), Pergamon Press: London, UK, pp. 255–278.</ref>它 …date=2018|title=Of woodlice and men: A Bayesian account of cognition, life and consciousness. An interview with Karl Friston (by Martin Fortier & Daniel…
    34 KB(2,544个字) - 2021年8月1日 (日) 12:37
  • …的<ref name="Physiology1">{{cite book |author=Friedrich C |title=Physiology and genetics of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria |journal=Adv Microb Physiol |volume=3 …Berardinis RJ | title = Understanding the Intersections between Metabolism and Cancer Biology | journal = Cell | volume = 168 | issue = 4 | pages = 657–
    96 KB(6,998个字) - 2022年1月4日 (二) 15:13
  • …chical Nb<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7</sub>(OH) superstructures with semiconductive and photoactive properties| journal= Journal of Materials Chemistry A| volume= …r=Feltz, Bernard |display-authors=etal |date=2006 |title=Self-organization and Emergence in Life Sciences |isbn=978-1-402-03916-4 |page=1}}</ref>
    45 KB(3,398个字) - 2023年1月17日 (二) 20:32
  • …(2006). Unifying constructal theory for scale effects in running, swimming and flying. Journal of Experimental Biology, 209(2), 238-248.]
    19 KB(774个字) - 2020年10月16日 (五) 17:12
  • …ook|last=Morgan|first=Stephen|author2=Winship, Chris|title=Counterfactuals and Causal inference|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2007|isbn=978-0- …and effect, a time-order relationship with the cause preceding the effect, and the elimination of plausible alternative causes."<ref name=psy>{{cite book|
    24 KB(2,411个字) - 2020年5月6日 (三) 11:20
  • …cientists and Engineers: Definitions, Theorems, and Formulas for Reference and Review |publisher=Dover Publications |location=New York |year= |isbn=0-486-
    7 KB(637个字) - 2021年8月15日 (日) 19:15
  • …ers》上的论文中提出的,<ref name=Bak1987>{{cite journal | author =Per Bak, Chao Tang and Kurt Wiesenfeld | year = 1987 | title = Self-organized criticality: an expl …er Bak, and Maya Paczuski | year = 1995 | title = Complexity, contingency, and criticality | journal =Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | volume = 92 | pages = 66
    22 KB(1,538个字) - 2021年9月23日 (四) 19:54
  • …wiki.org/wiki/Expectation_of_Poisson_Distribution Proof wiki: expectation] and [http://www.proofwiki.org/wiki/Variance_of_Poisson_Distribution Proof wiki:
    58 KB(4,743个字) - 2021年11月24日 (三) 16:57

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