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  • …lude the formation of typical crystals, the workings of a [[refrigerator]] and living organisms, used in thermodynamics. …include the formation of typical crystals, the workings of a refrigerator and living organisms, used in thermodynamics.
    77 KB(9,110个字) - 2022年3月28日 (一) 03:19
  • {{Information theory}} …atistics]], the '''Kullback–Leibler divergence''' (also called '''relative entropy''') is a measure of how one [[probability distribution]] is different from
    116 KB(15,652个字) - 2020年10月27日 (二) 18:05
  • 已由[[用户:Yillia Jing]]进行初步翻译,已由[[用户:Flipped]]进行审校。{{Information theory}} …th>H(Y|X)</math>。两个圆中间的交集部分(紫色的部分)表示二者的<font color="#ff8000">'''互信息 Mutual information,(MI)'''</font><math>\operatorname{I}(X;Y)</math>)。]]
    106 KB(13,062个字) - 2021年2月18日 (四) 09:49
  • …established edifice. This article will try to sketch some approaches to it and some concepts important for it. …established edifice. This article will try to sketch some approaches to it and some concepts important for it.
    91 KB(10,045个字) - 2020年11月17日 (二) 20:15
  • …is at the heart of the [[principle of locality|disparity between classical and quantum physics]]: entanglement is a primary feature of quantum mechanics… …of quantum entanglement is at the heart of the disparity between classical and quantum physics: entanglement is a primary feature of quantum mechanics lac
    193 KB(21,542个字) - 2021年1月24日 (日) 21:45
  • {{short description|Hungarian-American mathematician and physicist (1903–1957)}} | death_date = {{death date and age|mf=yes|1957|2|8|1903|12|28}}
    427 KB(49,934个字) - 2022年6月10日 (五) 19:19
  • …cite book|first=Roberto|last=Ligrone|date=2019|chapter=Glossary|department=Entropy|chapter-url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=c86aDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA478|title=Bi
    92 KB(6,201个字) - 2022年1月20日 (四) 21:26
  • …vide the formal, mathematical basis for a broad range of physical systems, and, in particular, many systems from [[classical mechanics]] (in particular,… …vide the formal, mathematical basis for a broad range of physical systems, and, in particular, many systems from classical mechanics (in particular, most
    46 KB(5,956个字) - 2021年12月1日 (三) 11:31
  • The first and third values are exact; the second is exactly equal to {{sfrac|1380649|1602 The first and third values are exact; the second is exactly equal to . See the linked sec
    41 KB(5,179个字) - 2021年12月1日 (三) 11:04
  • …ty principle, 1927.jpg|thumb|Canonical commutation rule for position ''q'' and momentum ''p'' variables of a particle, 1927. ''pq'' − ''qp'' = ''h''/2'' …antities of a [[particle]], such as [[Position (vector)|position]], ''x'', and [[momentum]], ''p'', can be predicted from [[initial condition]]s.
    285 KB(36,825个字) - 2022年6月10日 (五) 18:33
  • | pdf_caption = The red curve is the ''standard normal distribution'' | pdf_caption = The red curve is the standard normal distribution
    251 KB(32,176个字) - 2020年11月16日 (一) 21:49
  • …y of Communication]]" in the ''[[Bell System Technical Journal]]'' in July and October 1948. …ical Theory of Communication" in the Bell System Technical Journal in July and October 1948.
    30 KB(3,386个字) - 2021年12月1日 (三) 11:31
  • …ty%20of%20natural%20processes%20and%20the%20asymmetry%20between%20future%20and%20past.%22 111]}}</ref> …. 79–107.</ref><ref>Bailyn, M. (1994), Section 71, pp. 113–154.</ref> '''熵 Entropy'''来解释。若一个'''孤立系统 Isolated System'''最初在具有隔
    47 KB(3,096个字) - 2022年3月15日 (二) 15:57
  • …thers. In thermodynamic equilibrium, all kinds of equilibrium hold at once and indefinitely, until disturbed by a [[thermodynamic operation]]. In a macros …thers. In thermodynamic equilibrium, all kinds of equilibrium hold at once and indefinitely, until disturbed by a thermodynamic operation. In a macroscopi
    118 KB(12,761个字) - 2022年6月1日 (三) 10:18
  • {{for|the novel|Random Walk}} …ion|Mathematical formalization of a path that consists of a succession of random steps}}
    109 KB(13,554个字) - 2024年2月21日 (三) 11:16
  • …Casas-Vázquez 2008">Lebon, G., Jou, D., Casas-Vázquez, J. (2008). ''Understanding Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics: Foundations, Applications, Frontiers'', === Difference between equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics 平衡与非平衡热力学之间的差异 =
    46 KB(2,861个字) - 2022年4月22日 (五) 16:47
  • …um stationary state | url = | journal = Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical | volume = 40 | issue = 3| pages = 371–380 | doi=10.1088/1751
    42 KB(2,852个字) - 2022年4月1日 (五) 15:07
  • …disambiguation)]]. For "Life" in the personal sense, see [[Personal life]] and [[Everyday life]].}} {{pp-semi-vandalism|small=yes}}
    254 KB(29,754个字) - 2022年6月10日 (五) 18:18
  • '''信息论 Information theory'''研究的是信息的量化、存储与传播。信息论最初是 …eb.archive.org/web/20110723045720/http://aicanderson2.home.comcast.net/~aicanderson2/home.pdf|archivedate=July 23, 2011|url-status=dead|accessdate=2010-06
    37 KB(2,169个字) - 2021年3月13日 (六) 16:17
  • {{thermodynamics|cTopic=History and Culture}} …so, albeit in a subtle manner, motivated new directions in [[probability]] and [[statistics]]; see, for example, the [[timeline of thermodynamics]].
    67 KB(7,298个字) - 2021年12月1日 (三) 11:19
  • 12 KB(1,289个字) - 2022年1月20日 (四) 21:33
  • …tions of a Resilience Framework | journal = [[Annual Review of Environment and Resources]] | volume = 32 | pages = 395–419 | doi=10.1146/annurev.energy. …rnal stresses imposed upon it by climate change and (2) adapt, reorganize, and evolve into more desirable configurations that improve the sustainability…
    180 KB(19,246个字) - 2022年1月19日 (三) 17:55
  • …gy|total energy]], [[Thermodynamic free energy|free energy]], [[entropy]], and [[pressure]], can be expressed in terms of the partition function or its [[ …any physical meanings, as discussed in [[#Meaning and significance|Meaning and significance]].
    41 KB(4,742个字) - 2021年11月26日 (五) 15:14
  • …en |first4=Juho |last5=Gabbouj |first5=Moncef |last6=Iosifidis |first6=Alexandros |date=July 2017 |title=Forecasting Stock Prices from the Limit Order Boo …al image analysis, natural language processing, brain–computer interfaces, and financial time series.
    220 KB(25,639个字) - 2022年7月4日 (一) 10:44
  • == Fitness Landscape Epistasis And Recombination == By MANUEL BELTRÁN DEL RÍO, CHRISTOPHER R. STEPHENS, and DAVID A. ROSENBLUETH<br>
    79 KB(11,612个字) - 2020年10月14日 (三) 22:13
  • …熵是指在给定过去值Y得到过去值X时,Y值不确定性的减少量。更具体地,如果Xt和Yt(t∈N)表示两个随机过程,且信息量用'''香农熵 Shannon entropy'''测量,则转移熵可以写为: …fer between financial time series|journal=Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications|language=en|volume=391|issue=10|pages=2971–2989|doi=10.1
    10 KB(995个字) - 2020年12月28日 (一) 00:47
  • == Fisher transfer entropy: quantifying the gain in transient sensitivity == …a ferromagnetic two-dimensional lattice Ising model with Glauber dynamics and is shown to diverge at the critical point.''
    44 KB(6,437个字) - 2020年10月14日 (三) 21:27
  • …Casas-Vázquez 2008">Lebon, G., Jou, D., Casas-Vázquez, J. (2008). ''Understanding Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics: Foundations, Applications, Frontiers'',
    39 KB(2,304个字) - 2020年10月18日 (日) 13:25
  • == Scaling and universality in urban economic diversification == …c implications of open-ended diversity created by urbanization, for understanding the observed empirical distribution. Given the universal distribution,…
    70 KB(9,988个字) - 2020年10月14日 (三) 22:12
  • By Aldo Mascareño, Eric Goles, and Gonzalo A. Ruz …crises, their temporal transitions (incubation, contagion, restructuring), and the suitable modeling techniques to represent them. Third, we illustrate th
    135 KB(12,045个字) - 2020年10月14日 (三) 22:02
  • …koszka|first1=Andrzej|title=States of Consciousness: Models for Psychology and Psychotherapy|date=2007|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|locatio
    32 KB(4,077个字) - 2021年1月22日 (五) 11:58
  • …'、'''<font color="#ff8000"> 能量 energy</font>'''和'''<font color="#ff8000">熵 entropy</font>''',这些物理量表征处于热力学平衡的热力学系统。 …ef name="LJCV 2008">Lebon, G., Jou, D., Casas-Vázquez, J. (2008). ''Understanding Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics. Foundations, Applications, Frontiers'',
    21 KB(1,121个字) - 2020年12月27日 (日) 22:28
  • …irst2=Joy A.|last1=Cover|last2=Thomas|isbn=0-471-06259-6|title=Elements of Information Theory|year=1991|publisher=Wiley|location=New York|url=https://archive.org/
    20 KB(2,129个字) - 2021年10月27日 (三) 20:59
  • {{Information theory}} …1948 and was based in part on earlier work and ideas of [[Harry Nyquist]] and [[Ralph Hartley]].
    35 KB(4,629个字) - 2021年1月15日 (五) 17:11
  • …dynamic equilibrium]] in an environment with which it exchanges [[energy]] and [[matter]]. A tornado may be thought of as a dissipative system. …common examples include [[laser]]s, [[Bénard cells]], [[droplet cluster]], and the [[Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction]].<ref name=":0">{{cite journal|last1
    22 KB(2,237个字) - 2022年1月18日 (二) 17:17
  • …non-life, whereas consciousness is spontaneously generated from life. Life and consciousness appear to have strikingly comparable self-generating systems. …-line researchers in areas including physics,biology,philosophy of science and computer science.They organized this three-season "Self-Generating Structur
    38 KB(5,242个字) - 2022年6月15日 (三) 19:45
  • {{short description|The multiple interactions and regulation of life forms with their environment}} …re maintained by flowing [[information]], [[energy flow (ecology)|energy]] and [[matter]].
    25 KB(2,262个字) - 2023年1月30日 (一) 19:28
  • …the nineteenth century, evolutive abiogenesis means increasing complexity and evolution of matter from inert to living state in the abiotic context of ev …5 |title= A New History of Life: the radical discoveries about the origins and evolution of life on earth |publisher= Bloomsbury Press |pages= 39–40 |is
    251 KB(20,548个字) - 2021年7月12日 (一) 11:13
  • …t|Maximum Power Principle in [[Energy Systems Language]] adapted from Odum and Odum 2000, p. 38|链接=Special:FilePath/MaximumPowerESL.gif]] …er intake, energy transformation, and those uses that reinforce production and efficiency."<ref>H.T. Odum 1995, p.&nbsp;311</ref>
    36 KB(4,217个字) - 2022年3月23日 (三) 11:39
  • {{Short description|Situations involving imperfect or unknown information}} …logy]], [[engineering]], [[metrology]], [[meteorology]], [[ecology]] and [[information science]].
    70 KB(7,741个字) - 2022年6月29日 (三) 14:14
  • …ref><ref name=":1">Hoel E P. When the map is better than the territory[J]. Entropy, 2017, 19(5): 188.</ref>。马尔可夫动力学系统是指系统在某一 …生物学家[[Erik hoel|Erik Hoel]]尝试将因果引入涌现的衡量,提出了因果涌现这一概念,并且使用[[有效信息]](Effective Information,简称EI)来量化系统动力学的因果性强弱<ref name=":0" /><re
    49 KB(2,201个字) - 2023年11月17日 (五) 15:37
  • …ig, H.: (2009) "Exact thermodynamic principles for dynamic order existence and evolution in chaos", ''Chaos, Solitons & Fractals'', v. '''41(4)''', pp. 19
    10 KB(772个字) - 2020年11月8日 (日) 17:31
  • …Berdahl, Christa Brelsford, Caterina De Bacco, Marion Dumas, Vanessa Ferdinand, Joshua A. Grochow, Laurent Hébert-Dufresne, Yoav Kallus, Christopher P. K …which can be facilitated in biological systems by horizontal transmission and in social systems by active spreading strategies of infected individuals.''
    91 KB(7,595个字) - 2020年10月14日 (三) 21:03
  • …d 13 (aqua). Such arrangements have been noticed since the [[Middle Ages]] and can be used to make mathematical models of a wide variety of plants.]] …s: Cells and their physical constraints | journal = Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology | volume = 122 | issue = 1 | pages = 58–69 | date = Oct
    75 KB(8,339个字) - 2022年6月10日 (五) 19:25
  • …= Ludwig | title = The second law of thermodynamics (Theoretical physics and philosophical problems)| publisher = Springer-Verlag New York, LLC | year… …s.google.com/books?id=96AAAAAAMAAJ|location=New York|publisher=D. Van Nostrand|year=1876}}</ref></blockquote>
    30 KB(1,519个字) - 2021年10月24日 (日) 23:21
  • …L }}</ref> Recurrent neural networks are theoretically [[Turing complete]] and can run arbitrary programs to process arbitrary sequences of inputs.<ref>{{ …h recognition. Recurrent neural networks are theoretically Turing complete and can run arbitrary programs to process arbitrary sequences of inputs.
    115 KB(13,540个字) - 2022年7月4日 (一) 10:50
  • 作者:Espinosa, Angela and Walker, Jon [[合作物种:人类的互惠性及演化 A Cooperative Species: Human Reciprocity and Its Evolution]](未建立词条)
    53 KB(882个字) - 2020年10月14日 (三) 21:54
  • …e of three basic machine learning paradigms, alongside supervised learning and unsupervised learning. …e of three basic machine learning paradigms, alongside supervised learning and unsupervised learning.
    77 KB(8,717个字) - 2024年2月21日 (三) 23:25
  • …e activities can be viewed as two facets of the same field of application, and together they have undergone substantial development over the past few deca …e activities can be viewed as two facets of the same field of application, and together they have undergone substantial development over the past few deca
    78 KB(8,747个字) - 2021年2月17日 (三) 21:17
  • …computer scientist) |author=Charles H. Bennett |journal=Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=501–510 |year=200 …//spectrum.ieee.org/computing/hardware/landauer-limit-demonstrated |title=Landauer Limit Demonstrated - IEEE Spectrum |publisher=Spectrum.ieee.org |date=
    14 KB(1,087个字) - 2021年1月22日 (五) 10:19

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