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…ork Analysis: Methods and Applications |isbn=9780521387071 |chapter=Social Network Analysis in the Social and Behavioral Sciences |pages=1–27 |publisher=Cam …..892B |citeseerx=10.1.1.536.5568 }}</ref><ref name="EK">{{cite book|title=Networks, Crowds, and Markets: Reasoning about a Highly Connected World |first1=Dav

[[File:Colored_neural_network.svg.png|thumb|300px|人工神经网络是一组互相连接的节点，与[ …etworks-as-models-of-neural-information-processing|title=Artificial Neural Networks as Models of Neural Information Processing, Frontiers Research Topic|langu

==复杂社会系统中的危机：以智利事件为例的一个社会理论观点 （Crisis in complex social systems: A social theory view illustrated with the chilean case） == …as endogenously driven structural transitions of the information transfer network. This study provides results that can help define models and predictive alg

…型。” <ref name="NRC">{{cite book|title=Network Science |author=Committee on Network Science for Future Army Applications |publisher=National Research Council… …图与无限图的理论 ''Theory of finite and infinite graphs''》。 <ref>{{cite book|title=Theory of finite and infinite graphs |author=Dénes Kőnig|publisher=Birkhäuser B

…equation, evolutionary game theory, Markov processes and chemical reaction networks all describe the dynamics of a population or probability distribution. Und == Temporal Network Analysis of Literary Texts ==

所有网络，包括生物网络 biological networks、社交网络 social networks、技术网络（例如计算机网络和电路）等，都可以用图的 …aghi MK Z |title=Building Blocks of Biological Networks: A Review on Major Network Motif Discovery Algorithms |journal=IET Systems Biology |volume=6 |issue=5

…ation flow. We also address an auxiliary consequence: The proliferation of networks as a now-common theoretical model for large-scale systems, in concert with == The angular nature of road networks ==

''Network Science / Volume 4 / Issue 02 / June 2016, pp 141-163'' …udy, we arrive at a basic model explaining these observations based on the theory of phase transitions in complex systems. We studied the link between spatia

…法：采集Twitter上的全球趋势（Towards a standard sampling methodology on online social networks: collecting global trends on Twitter） == …ed to collect and summarize data. Sampling the content of an Online Social Network (OSN) plays an important role as a knowledge discovery tool.''

…法：采集Twitter上的全球趋势（Towards a standard sampling methodology on online social networks: collecting global trends on Twitter） == …ed to collect and summarize data. Sampling the content of an Online Social Network (OSN) plays an important role as a knowledge discovery tool.''

…orks one typically tries to obtain the [[equilibrium distribution]] of the network, although in many applications the study of the [[transient state]] is fund …ueue lengths and waiting time can be predicted.<ref name="sun" /> Queueing theory is generally considered a branch of [[operations research]] because the res

…ion to [[optimal control]] in [[Queueing_theory#Queueing_networks|queueing networks]]. …rol a dynamical system. Lyapunov functions are used extensively in control theory to ensure different forms of system stability. The state of a system at a…

…ldcat.org/oclc/39210116|title=Information rules : a strategic guide to the network economy|date=1999|publisher=Harvard Business School Press|others=Varian, Ha

…t3=Ali|date=2014-10-07|title=Advanced Fault Diagnosis Methods in Molecular Networks|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=9|issue=10|pages=e108830|doi=10.1371/journal.pone. …络中有多么靠近中心位置<ref name="Proulx">{{cite journal |author= Proulx, S.R. |title= Network thinking in ecology and evolution |journal= Trends in Ecology and Evolution

…g and understanding the structure, resilience and the evolution of spatial networks is crucial for many different fields ranging from urbanism to epidemiology

…the '''drift-plus-penalty method''' is used for optimization of [[queueing network]]s and other [[stochastic system]]s. …stabilizing a queueing network while also minimizing the time average of a network penalty function. It can be used to optimize performance objectives such…

…supervised_learninghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_learning#Deep_neural_networks 半监督]，或者是[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsupervised_learning …fry|date=2012|title=ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks|url=https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~kriz/imagenet_classification_with_deep_con

…Bressler|first1=Steven L.|last2=Menon|first2=Vinod|title=Large scale brain networks in cognition: emerging methods and principles|journal=Trends in Cognitive …sler2">{{cite journal|last1=Bressler|first1=Steven L.|title=Neurocognitive networks|journal=Scholarpedia|volume=3|issue=2|pages=1567|doi=10.4249/scholarpedia.

|keywords=图论,Graph theory,图网络 '''图论 Graph theory'''是指研究图和网络的数学分支，常被认为是'''组合数学

…ytype2=tf_ipsecsha Bejan, A., & Marden, J. H. (2006). Unifying constructal theory for scale effects in running, swimming and flying. Journal of Experimental …ayes.wustl.edu/etj/articles/theory.1.pdf Jaynes, E. T. (1957). Information theory and statistical mechanics. Physical review, 106(4), 620.]

…cial intelligence" is published. In the October of 2016, the symposium on "Network, geometry, and machine learning" jointly organized by Kai-feng foundation, …n Science" which is held in 2015, Nanjing. And also we held the symposium "Network, Geometry, and Machine Learning" which is supported by the Kaifeng funding

'''无标度网络 scale-free network'''是一种[[度分布]]（即对复杂网络中节点度数的总体描述 …1ea-991e-0242ac1a0005 "Structure and tie strengths in mobile communication networks"].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, doi:10.1073/pnas.061024

…e quickly than a beneficial mutation. Second, in an epidemiological social network approach, we show that infections that cause increased connectivity lead to …nologies play a crucial role in this process, as Web 2.0 and online social networks promote cooperation and collaboration on unprecedented scales.

…ess Theory into the Dynamic Evolution of a Venture Capital Network. Social Network. …, Xiaoming, Luo, Jar-Der and Margret Boos (Eds.), Interdisciplinary Social Network Analysis, Chapter 4:73-104. NY: Taylor & Francis Group.

[[File:Network_representation_of_brain_connectivity.jpg|thumb|right|图1：大脑连接性

…entrality, dynamic motifs, and cycles of social interactions.] In Adaptive Networks (pp. 39-50). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.</ref>

已由[[用户:Yillia Jing]]进行初步翻译，已由[[用户:Flipped]]进行审校。{{Information theory}} …th>. The circle on the left (red and violet) is the [[Entropy (information theory)|individual entropy]] <math>H(X)</math>, with the red being the [[condition

…神经元网络。Wilson和 Cowan<ref name=":1">H R Wilson and J D Cowan. A mathematical theory of the functional dynamics of cortical and thalamic nervous tissue. Kyberne …09</ref> 和 Bressloff <ref name=":6">P C Bressloff. Stochastic neural field theory and the system-size expansion. SIAM J. Applied Mathematics, 70:1488-1521,…

…, which must account for the peculiar characteristics of life. Then system theory, with the development of concepts such as feedback, homeostasis, and open… …membrane, with their external medium. It is a dynamic, integrated chemical network of incredible sophistication (see for example Alberts et al.,1989; Raven an

…0px|缩略图|右|小世界网络的例子 中心比其他节点大 平均[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_(graph_theory) 度]3.833 平均最短路径长度1.803 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clu …le:第二个图.png|200px|缩略图|右|随机图 平均[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree_(graph_theory) 度]2.833 平均最短路径长度2.109 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clu

* [https://campus.swarma.org/course/2492 Hegel, Marx, Value Theory | 宏观金融读书会第 3 期] 主讲人薛晓明 * Financial stability in networks of financial institutions and market infrastructures

…last=Casti |first=J |year=1999 |title=The Computer as Laboratory: Toward a Theory of Complex Adaptive Systems |journal=Complexity |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=1

# 分享二：Neural Dynamics on Complex Networks（臧承熙） # 分享十二：Temporal attention recurrent graph neural network（陈昱中）

…last=Casti |first=J |year=1999 |title=The Computer as Laboratory: Toward a Theory of Complex Adaptive Systems |journal=Complexity |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=1 …Emergence and communication in computational sociology]." Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 43.1 (2013): 87-110.</ref>

…多用于衡量中心性的术语都反映出了它们的社会学起源。<ref name="NewmanNetworks">Newman, M.E.J. 2010. ''Networks: An Introduction.'' Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.</ref>中心性不 …Stephen P.|year= 2005 |title= Centrality and Network Flow |journal=Social Networks |volume= 27|issue= |pages= 55–71|doi=10.1016/j.socnet.2004.11.008 |url=

…i|first2=Caterina|last3=Capobianco|first3=Enrico|date=2017|title=Multitype Network-Guided Target Controllability in Phenotypically Characterized Osteosarcoma: 考虑'''复杂网络 Complex Network'''上的经典线性时不变动力学

…Stephen P.|year= 2005 |title= Centrality and Network Flow |journal=Social Networks |volume= 27|issue= |pages= 55–71|doi=10.1016/j.socnet.2004.11.008 |url=

…Xiao-Yong Yan, Tao Zhou*. Destination choice game: A spatial interaction theory on human mobility. Scientific Reports. 2019, 9: 9466. (IF:4.011) ==== 网络结构与动力学 Structure and dynamics of complex networks ====

…. |last2=Miller |first2=J.H. |title=Artificial Adaptive Agents in Economic Theory |year=1991 |journal=American Economic Review |volume=81 |issue=2 |pages=365 …ramework for Modeling Complex Adaptive Systems using Agent-based & Complex Network-based Methods [https://www.springer.com/biomed/neuroscience/book/978-94-007

…01, [http://vlado.fmf.uni-lj.si/pub/networks/doc/Seminar/Krebs.pdf Mapping networks of terrorist cells], Connections 24, 43–52.</ref>

…{cite journal | vauthors = Hoyle T | title = The digestive system: linking theory and practice | journal = British Journal of Nursing | volume = 6 | issue = …S, Angusti A, Manfredini S | title = The antioxidants and pro-antioxidants network: an overview | journal = Current Pharmaceutical Design | volume = 10 | issu

网络经常用来刻画复杂系统中的复杂性。因此，把复杂系统当作网络来研究，可以使图论和[[网络科学 network science]]得到广泛应用。例如，一些复杂系统也是复杂网络 …m.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4355725 "Localized attacks on spatially embedded networks with dependencies"]. Scientific Reports. 5 (1): 8934. Bibcode:2015NatSR...

…e-date=2015-09-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref>1949年，赫布 Hebb在其理论（即赫布理论 Hebbian theory</font>）中提出了神经元学习的第一定律。赫布理论认为， …rehension. Gray dots represent areas of language comprehension, creating a network for comprehending all language. The semantic circuit of the motor system,…

…tter|date=2019-03-04|title=Rare and everywhere: Perspectives on scale-free networks|journal=Nature Communications|language=en|volume=10|issue=1|pages=1016|doi …im S. |last8=Christensen |first8=Kim |title=Identifying time dependence in network growth |journal=Physical Review Research |date=18 June 2020 |volume=2 |issu

…url=http://tejas.iimb.ac.in/articles/12.php|title=Insights from Complexity Theory: Understanding Organisations better |publisher= by Assoc. Prof. Amit Gupta, …_whole_looks_at_complexity_theory_which_wants_to_understand.html|title=The Theory of Everything and Then Some|last=Auerbach|first=David|date=2016-01-19|work=

图形或'''[[网络图 network diagram]]'''的绘制是通过从图形抽象出的顶点和边表示的。

…the size distribution of social groups with information theory on complex networks |journal=Preprint |year=2009 |first=A. |last=Hernando |first2=D. |last2=Vi …中时期的朋友。<ref>{{cite news |title=Sorry, You May Have Gone Over Your Limit Of Network Friends |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119518271549595364?mod=googlene

*{{Bibitem article 2|Persistent Activity in Neural Networks with Dynamic Synapses.|PLoS Computational Biology.|3(2)|2007|e35|Barak|Omr *{{Bibitem article 2|Dynamic afferent synapses to decision-making networks improve performance in tasks requiring stimulus associations and discrimin

[[File:Network Science_e.jpg|300px|thumb|《Network Science》封面]] 英文书名：[https://www.amazon.com/Linked-New-Science-Networks/dp/0738206679 Network Science]

…Stephen P.|year= 2005 |title= Centrality and Network Flow |journal=Social Networks |volume= 27|issue= |pages= 55–71|doi=10.1016/j.socnet.2004.11.008 |url=

…vity in neuronal networks showed that E/I balance emerges naturally if the network is sparsely connected (van Vreeswijk and Sompolinsky, 1996; Vogels et al., …ously monitor both the excitatory and the inhibitory activity in the local network.

…hm|first1=André|last2=Lüdge|first2=Kathy|date=2018-08-03|title=Multiplexed networks: reservoir computing with virtual and real nodes|journal=Journal of Physic "An overview of reservoir computing: theory, applications, and implementations."

…Talcott ([1937] 1949). ''The Structure of Social Action: A Study in Social Theory with Special Reference to a Group of European Writers''. New York, NY: The

…aniel Bernoulli]]最早提出基于'''效用 Utility'''的偏好。新古典主义经济理论 Neoclassical Economic Theory的创始人之一，前耶鲁大学经济学教授[[欧文·费歇尔 Irvin …分。事实上，正如Bruna Ingrao和Giorgio Israe所阐述的那样，经济学中的[[一般均衡理论 general equilibrium theory]]是基于力学平衡的物理概念。

…th>和集合<math>V</math>构造的点集所形成的循环圈边数不为奇数。<ref>Diestel, Reinard (2005), Graph Theory, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer, ISBN 978-3-642-14278-9</ref><ref> …ries = Discrete Mathematics And Its Applications | title = Chromatic Graph Theory | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_l4CJq46MXwC&pg=PA223 | volume =

…0..177D }}</ref>的生化生产到优化细菌代谢通路<ref>Unrean, P., Srienc, F. (2011) Metabolic networks evolve towards states of maximum entropy production, Metabolic Engineering …ref>{{cite journal |last=Hoffmann |first=Geoffrey W. |title=The Stochastic Theory of the Origin of the Genetic Code |date=October 1975 |journal=Annual Review

|keywords=博弈论,囚徒困境,对策论, game theory, théorème de jeu …Mathematical models''' ，<ref name=Myerson>Roger B. Myerson (1991). ''Game Theory: Analysis of Conflict,'' Harvard University Press, p.&nbsp;[https://books.g

在动机心理学中，'''平衡理论 Balance Theory'''是弗里茨·海德 Fritz Heider提出的一种态度变化理论。<ref …ul W. Holland & Samuel Leinhardt (editors) (1979) ''Perspectives on Social Network Research'', Academic Press</ref>

<ref>Sarle Warren."Neural Networks and statistical models".[https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi …智能这一学科研究的早期，一些研究人员对于让机器从数据中进行学习这一问题很感兴趣。他们试图用各种符号方法甚至是当时被称为'''”神经网络 Neural Networks”'''的方法来处理这个问题；但这些方法大部分是感知器

…rma.org/paper?id=71890c4e-6f0e-11ea-b30e-0242ac1a0005 Vertex similarity in networks].arXiv:0510143.</ref>是由Leicht，Holme和Newman提出，其定义为 <m

…Kate |title=Six Provocations for Big Data |journal=Social Science Research Network: A Decade in Internet Time: Symposium on the Dynamics of the Internet and… …r testing the fault tolerance of MapReduce frameworks | publisher=Computer Networks | year=2015}}</ref>

* [[巴拉巴西网络科学 Network Science]] * [[链接：网络新科学 Linked: The New Science of Networks]]

|keywords=演化网络, Evolving network …乎所有现实世界的网络都是随时间演化的，通过随着时间的推移增加或删除节点或连边实现。通常所有这些过程都是同时发生的，比如在'''社交网络 social networks'''中，随着时间的推移人们结交和失去朋友，从而创造和

…''Multilayer Networks: Structure and Function'' 和剑桥大学出版社出版的 ''Higher-order networks: An introduction to simplicial complexes'' 两本书籍的作者。 主要贡献：在高阶网络读书会上做出以高阶网络与动力学（Higher-order networks and dynamics）为主题的分享。

|keywords=控制理论,控制科学,Control theory |description=控制理论,控制科学,Control theory

…蓬勃发展）、'''种群动力学 population dynamics'''的数学模型、神经生理学模拟、控制理论和'''[[控制论]] control theory'''以及'''[[协同学]] Synergetics'''。

…003.</ref><ref Name=Van2014>Van Mieghem P. Performance analysis of complex networks and systems[M]. Cambridge University Press, 2014.</ref>. …003.</ref><ref Name=Van2014>Van Mieghem P. Performance analysis of complex networks and systems[M]. Cambridge University Press, 2014.</ref>。

'''多重树 Polytree/Directed tree/Oriented tree/Singly connected network'''是底层无向图为树的'''有向无环图 Directed acyclic graph(DAG)

…ained through sound probabilistic inference. It introduced tree-structured networks as concise representations of complex probability models, identified condi …stems,” ''Proceedings, IJCAI-83'', 1983. ''Generalized the tree-structured network to allow for multiple parents, or causal influences, on any given variable.

Performance drives success—but when performance is immeasurable,networks determine success. * [[巴拉巴西网络科学 Network Science]]

…ub | first2=Benjamin | last3=Jackson | first3=Matthew O. | title=Financial Networks and Contagion | journal=American Economic Review | publisher=American Econ

…/s42256-020-00244-4 An interpretable deep-learning architecture of capsule networks for identifying cell-type gene expression programs from single-cell RNA-se …个节点的动力学，这相当于对原系统进行了自动建模。该算法不仅在精确度上远超其它对比算法，而且可以广泛地适用于各类系统。于2019年发表在Applied Network Science上。相关的论文解读资料可以查看[https://mp.weixin.qq.c

…itle = The Representation of Biological Systems from the Standpoint of the Theory of Categories | url = | journal = Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics | vol …义 ,如自生系统理论中所述的系统的系统<ref>[http://archonic.net Reflexive Autopoietic Systems Theory]</ref>。它也不同于K.D. Palmer K·D·帕尔默在元系统工程中提

…不包括温度的非热力学系统中。例如：量子相变，动态相变和拓扑（结构）相变。在这些系统中，其他参数代替了温度（在''' 渗滤网络 percolating networks'''中，连接概率代替温度）。 …= V. Wolynes | last2 = Wolynes | first2 = Peter G. | year = 2007 | title = Theory of Structural Glasses and Supercooled Liquids | journal = Annual Review of

…为'''简单博弈 simple games'''（投票博弈 voting games）；这个概念被应用于解决社会选择理论 social choice theory 中的问题。在一些文献中，超边被称为''超连接''或''连接

…//www.nd.edu/~alb/ Barabási, Albert-László]. 2003. ''[http://www.nd.edu/%7Enetworks/Linked/index.html Linked: How Everything is Connected to Everything Else… …的社会网络思想。Karinthy被认为是 "六度分隔 "这一概念的提出者<ref name="bara" />。与此相关的理论有三度影响理论（The theory of [[three degrees of influence]] ）是由Nicholas A. Christakis 和 James

…(如图2所示，这一抽象图中含有一个孤立顶点)<ref>[[:File:Small Network.png]]; example image of a network with 8 vertices and 10 edges</ref>

'''网络转移矩阵 NetWork Probability Matrix'''通过边概率对随机图进行建模，这些边概 …thematical results on scale-free random graphs" in "Handbook of Graphs and Networks" (S. Bornholdt and H.G. Schuster (eds)), Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 1st ed., 200

…Artificial Intelligence'''、'''[[机器学习]] Machine Learning'''、'''拍卖理论 Auction Theory'''、'''软件工程 Software Engineering'''、'''应用数学 Applied Math …te journal |doi=10.1016/j.omega.2015.01.006|title=Sustainable supply chain network design: An optimization-oriented review|journal=Omega|volume=54|pages=11–

* [[博弈论 Game Theory]] * [[巴拉巴西网络科学 Network Science]]

…as |author4=A.-L. Barabási|title=Predicting synthetic rescues in metabolic networks|journal=Molecular Systems Biology|volume=4|pages=1–10|year=2008|arxiv=08 …ame="Stauffer1994">D. Stauffer and A. Aharony. Introduction to Percolation Theory. Tay-lor and Francis. London, 1994.</ref> 。在渗流理论中，该簇群

…Varley T F, Hoel E. Emergence as the conversion of information: A unifying theory[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 2022, 380(2227): 202

| title = Community structure in social and biological networks | title = Clustering and community detection in directed networks: A survey

* [[巴拉巴西网络科学 Network Science]] * [[链接：网络新科学 Linked: The New Science of Networks]]

…研究是具有开创性的，因为它显示了人类社会是一个可以由最短路描述的[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-world_network 小世界类型的网络]。这些试验常与[https://en.wikipedia.org/wik …t Means for Business, Science, and Everyday Life.|url=http://www.nd.edu/%7Enetworks/Linked/index.html|date=2005-03-04}}</ref> 这恐怕是最早的涉及[http

* [[巴拉巴西网络科学 Network Science]] * [[链接：网络新科学 Linked: The New Science of Networks]]

博客在社会计算概念中也被高度使用，目的是通过一种叫做社会网络分析的概念来理解在线社区中的人类行为。社会网络分析(Social network analysis，SNA)是“一门社会科学的学科，它试图通过对人类 * Game theory

…03cee50bc55dd4e4aba419d6d&scene=21#wechat_redirect GAN（Generated Adversial Network，生成对抗网络）]，它们都可以看作是数据生成的方法突 GAN（Generative Adversial Network，生成对抗网络）

…et等典型的受生物启发的学习模式<ref>"Hananel-Hazan/bindsnet: Simulation of spiking neural networks (SNNs) using PyTorch". 31 March 2020.</ref>。 …f>Maass W 1997 Networks of spiking neurons: the third generation of neural network models Neural Netw. 10 1659–71.</ref>。

…ude Shannon]]在1948年的一篇题为'''<font color="#ff8000">《一种通信的数学理论 A Mathematical Theory of Communication 》</font>'''的里程碑式论文中提出的，其目的 …学<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jaynes|first1=E. T.|year=1957|title=Information Theory and Statistical Mechanics|url=http://bayes.wustl.edu/|journal=Phys. Rev.|vo

…/fractalfoundation.org/resources/what-is-chaos-theory/|title=What is Chaos Theory? – Fractal Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-24}}</ref> [[蝴 …性。<ref>{{cite journal|date=March 2016|title=Introduction to Supersymmetric Theory of Stochastics|journal=Entropy|volume=18|issue=4|pages=108|doi=10.3390/e180

…学动力系统理论 mathematical dynamical systems theory、或动力学系统的数学理论 the mathematical theory of dynamical systems。

…arning in Distributed Control|date=2017|publisher=Handbook of Dynamic Game Theory|url=https://www.ece.ucsb.edu/~jrmarden/files/Learning-Chapter.pdf|access-da …date=2014|title=Reading the Mind in the Eyes or reading between the lines? Theory of Mind predicts collective intelligence equally well online and face-to-fa

…。<ref name = " von Neumann2 " >von Neumann, John; Burks, Arthur W. (1966). Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata. University of Illinois Press.</ref>

…弈中，没有固定的最优策略，因而，举办囚徒困境竞赛来竞争和检验这种情况下的算法。<ref>{{cite journal|url = https://egtheory.wordpress.com/2015/03/02/ipd/|title = Short history of iterated prisoner's

…ution=2.1 Acyclic Digraphs|pages=32–34}}.</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Graph theory: an algorithmic approach|first=Nicos|last=Christofides||publisher=Academic …唯一的？ -->。相反的，对于有向有环图，可以存在多个与原图有着相同可达性的最简子图。<ref>{{citation|title=Digraphs: Theory, Algorithms and Applications|series=Springer Monographs in Mathematics|firs

…Cite journal|author=Just, M. A.|author2=Carpenter, P. A. |title=A capacity theory of comprehension: individual differences in working memory |journal=Psychol …<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brown, J.|year=1958|title=Some tests of the decay theory of immediate memory|journal=Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology|vo

…. T. (1957). [http://bayes.wustl.edu/etj/articles/theory.1.pdf Information Theory and Statistical Mechanics]. Physical Review Series II, 106 (4), 620–30.</

'''1.1 概率论简介  Introduction to Probability Theory 1''' 1.1.2 概率论的基本概念 Basic Concepts in Probability Theory 2

…<ref name="G&P 1971">Glansdorff, P., Prigogine, I. (1971). ''Thermodynamic Theory of Structure, Stability and Fluctuations'', Wiley-Interscience, London.</re …ed annealing variants for self-organized resource allocation in small cell networks |journal=Applied Soft Computing |last2=Tirkkonen |first2=Olav |date=Januar

…et.|first2=al.|title=Topological properties of a self-assembled electrical network via ab initio calculation|journal=Sci. Rep.|volume=7|pages=41621|date=2017| *'''[[分岔理论]] Bifurcation Theory'''

…mpression, and Hypothesis Testing|journal=IEEE Transactions on Information Theory|date=June 2011|volume=57|issue=6|pages=3248–3259|doi=10.1109/TIT.2011.213

# Shannon, C.E. 1948. A Mathematical Theory of Communication. Bell System Technical Journal 27:379-423 623-656. (香农 # Neumann, J. V. 1966. Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata. In Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata, edited by A. W. Burks. Urbana: University of

关于这个机器的一些想法，可以参考[[自复制自动机理论 Theory of Self-reproducing Automata]]。 …ial Societies: Multiagent Systems and the Micro-Macro Link in Sociological Theory] - by R. Keith Sawyer.

…ref>{{cite journal |author=R. Cohen and S. Havlin|year=2010 |title=Complex Networks: Structure, Robustness and Function |journal=Cambridge University Press}}<

…te journal | author =Chialvo, D. R. | year = 2004 | title = Critical brain networks | journal = Physica A | volume = 340 | issue =4 | pages = 756&ndash;765 | …ournal | author = Chao Tang and Per Bak | year = 1988 | title = Mean field theory of self-organized critical phenomena | journal = Journal of Statistical Phy

Opinion-dynamics models look at interactions within networks and how these are likely to cause change – usually between two opposing === social impact theory ===

…tion of the solution of the Kushner–Stratonovitch equation". ''Probability Theory and Related Fields''. '''115''' (4): 549–578. doi:10.1007/s004400050249. …title=Accelerating Stochastic Assessment of Post-Earthquake Transportation Network Connectivity via Machine-Learning-Based Surrogates|url=https://trid.trb.org

…alerie|last=Ahl|first2=Timothy F. H.|last2=Allen|year=1996|title=Hierarchy Theory|location=New York|publisher=Columbia University Press}}

In A. R. Meyers (ed.), Computational Complexity: Theory, Techniques, and Applications, pp. 185-203, Springer, 2012.</ref><ref name= …07) 69: 1199:1231.</ref>。<ref>P. Speroni di Fenizio. Chemical Organization Theory. PhD thesis, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 2007.</ref>

统计力学和非平衡场论 Statistical Mechanics and Non-equilibrium Field Theory *2015年成为世界城市峰会青年领袖 the World Cities Summit Young Leaders (WCSYL) network 网络成员。

…要么侧重于该国资本和其他生产要素的相对比例，<ref>E. Heckscher, B. Ohlin, ''Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Theory,'' H. Flam, M. Flanders, Eds. (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1991).</ref>要么

* 网络科学导论（Network Science: An Introduction ），高等教育出版社，2012（中文版）

…ePhilTrans>{{cite journal | last=Yule | first=G. U. | title=A Mathematical Theory of Evolution, based on the Conclusions of Dr. J. C. Willis, F.R.S | journal …si | first=A.-L. |author2=R. Albert | title=Emergence of scaling in random networks | journal=Science | volume=286 | pages=509–512 | year=1999 | arxiv=cond-

…者说，A会产生更多的B，而B又会产生更多的A，与之相反的是，[[负反馈]]指的是一个系统中，变化的结果会减少或抵消它自己的影响。<ref name="theorymodelling" />这两个概念在科学和工程等领域中发挥着重要作 …/metadesigners.org/Feedback-Glossary|work=Glossary|publisher=Metadesigners Network|accessdate=15 April 2014|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org

…nk, Françoise (April 2003). "Unpacking the cognitive map: the parallel map theory of hippocampal function". Psychological Review. 110 (2): 285–315. doi:10.

…/S0048733318301598 “The Sociology of Scientific Validity: How Professional Networks Shape Judgement in Peer Review” ] Teplitskiy, Misha, Daniel Acuna, Aida

…m/xie/paper/ICAPS12.pdf Schedule-driven coordination for real-time traffic network control]. International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (IC * [[博弈论 Game theory]]

…brary| title=StackOverflowException Class| publisher=[[Microsoft Developer Network]]| date=2018| url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.stackover

主要叙述考夫曼的个人研究经历，以及他的关于基因网络（外文大概叫boolean network)方面的研究，这个网络有望解释一个受精卵是如何演化出 …待进化过程，即基因是进化的基本单位，而生物体（人）只不过是“基因传承和繁衍自身的工具”——这就是颇具刺激性的“自私基因论”（selfish－gene theory）。

[4] W. Feller, An Introduction to Probability Theory and its Applications, Vol. 2, John Wiley & Sons, 2008. B. Zhou et al. / Phy …. Wang, J.-J. Tseng, C.-C. Tai, K.-H. Lai, W.-S. Wu, S.-H. Chen, S.-P. Li, Network topology of an experimental futures exchange, Eur. Phys. J. B 62 (1) (2008)

…ntroduction-theory-of-complex-systems/ S. Thurner, R. 《INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS（复杂系统理论导论）》]，Oxford University Pr

…1983">{{cite book|author=[[Robert Endre Tarjan]]|title=Data structures and network algorithms|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JiC7mIqg-X4C&pg=PA3|year=1 …cstheory.stackexchange.com/q/608 Examples of the price of abstraction?], cstheory.stackexchange.com</ref>

| title = Dual Phase Evolution: from Theory to Practice …lating society transitions: standstill, collapse and growth in an evolving network model

<li style="width: 10em;">[[博弈论 Game Theory]]</li>

…er (2004). "Real-time computation at the edge of chaos in recurrent neural networks." Neural Comput 16(7): 1413-36. …C, Beggs, JM (2005). Critical branching captures activity in living neural networks and maximizes the number of metastable states. Phys Rev Lett, 94: 058101.