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• 市场
  A market is a composition of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations or infrastructures whereby part …economic system as being coordinated by the price mechanism....in economic theory we find that the allocation of factors of production between different uses
  178 KB（19,982个字） - 2022年6月29日 (三) 14:16
• L-系统
  …isms<ref>Grzegorz Rozenberg and Arto Salomaa. The mathematical theory of L systems (Academic Press, New York, 1980). {{ISBN|0-12-597140-0}}</ref> and can be… …r of plant cells and to model the growth processes of plant development. L-systems have also been used to model the morphology of a variety of organisms and…
  54 KB（6,635个字） - 2020年5月8日 (五) 13:40
• Reading club of the Self-generating Structure（RCSGS）
  …ife and consciousness appear to have strikingly comparable self-generating systems. What alternate structure would be the most probable if this assumption hol …tain a deeper knowledge of the self-generating structure of complex living systems, Swarma Club's scientist Xiaomuqiu (Qiu Weiyi) teamed forces with Zhou Liqi
  38 KB（5,242个字） - 2022年6月15日 (三) 19:45
• 系统设计
  …o design methodology,<ref>https://systemic-design.org/</ref> integrating [[systems thinking]] and [[human-centred design]], with the intention of helping desi …ign intends to develop methodologies and approaches that help to integrate systems thinking with design towards sustainability at the environmental, social an
  34 KB（3,670个字） - 2022年6月29日 (三) 14:28
• 数理生物学
  …tical biology focuses on the use of mathematical tools to study biological systems, even though the two terms are sometimes interchanged.<ref>{{cite journal… …tical biology focuses on the use of mathematical tools to study biological systems, even though the two terms are sometimes interchanged.
  75 KB（8,339个字） - 2022年6月10日 (五) 19:25
• K-S熵
  {{Short description|Subject of study in ergodic theory}} …articular, most [[dissipative system|non-dissipative]] systems) as well as systems in [[thermodynamic equilibrium]].
  46 KB（5,956个字） - 2021年12月1日 (三) 11:31
• 群体智能
  {{Recommender systems}} …[consensus]], [[social capital]] and '''''formalisms''''' such as [[voting systems]], [[social media]] and other means of quantifying mass activity.<ref name=
  245 KB（27,545个字） - 2021年7月20日 (二) 17:39
• 计算理论
  …sion theory overlaps with [[proof theory]] and [[effective descriptive set theory]]. …recursion theory overlaps with proof theory and effective descriptive set theory.
  111 KB（13,210个字） - 2021年2月3日 (三) 23:25
• 排队论
  …ServidorParalelo.jpg|thumb|right|[[#Queueing networks|Queue networks]] are systems in which single queues are connected by a routing network. In this image,… …ueue lengths and waiting time can be predicted.<ref name="sun" /> Queueing theory is generally considered a branch of [[operations research]] because the res
  66 KB（8,007个字） - 2022年6月14日 (二) 17:36
• 复杂文摘翻译第四期－(摘自Complex Digest 2016.3月文章)
  == Relative Entropy in Biological Systems == …ilibrium in biological systems. The replicator equation, evolutionary game theory, Markov processes and chemical reaction networks all describe the dynamics
  79 KB（11,612个字） - 2020年10月14日 (三) 22:13
• 圣塔菲研究所推荐书籍列表
  标签：Complex Systems, Data Science …me Theory, Social Systems, Social Science, Agent-Based Modeling, Dynamical Systems
  53 KB（882个字） - 2020年10月14日 (三) 21:54
• 结构稳定性
  …with perturbations of the system itself. Variants of this notion apply to systems of [[ordinary differential equation]]s, [[vector field]]s on [[smooth manif …with perturbations of the system itself. Variants of this notion apply to systems of ordinary differential equations, vector fields on smooth manifolds and…
  23 KB（2,680个字） - 2021年11月17日 (三) 17:44
• 地球系统科学
  …ption|Scientific study of the Earth's spheres and their natural integrated systems}} …interactions and transactions within and between biological and ecological systems.]]
  40 KB（4,607个字） - 2022年1月26日 (三) 21:41
• 生命系统的组织
  The Organization of living systems * John Minger:《Selfproducing systems-- Implications and Applications of Autopoiesis》一书第二章
  80 KB（6,761个字） - 2020年10月21日 (三) 23:37
• 耗散结构
  A '''dissipative system''' is a thermodynamically [[open system (systems theory)|open system]] which is operating out of, and often far from, [[thermodynam …breaking ([[anisotropy]]) and the formation of complex, sometimes [[Chaos theory|chaotic]], structures where interacting particles exhibit long range correl
  22 KB（2,237个字） - 2022年1月18日 (二) 17:17
• 混沌理论 Chaos theory
  …/fractalfoundation.org/resources/what-is-chaos-theory/|title=What is Chaos Theory? – Fractal Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-24}}</ref> [[蝴 …Stephen H. |title = In the Wake of Chaos: Unpredictable Order in Dynamical Systems |url = https://archive.org/details/inwakeofchaosunp0000kell |url-access =…
  93 KB（7,954个字） - 2020年7月18日 (六) 14:26
• 时间之箭中的熵
  …nmental increase, resulting in a net increase in entropy. Examples of such systems and phenomena include the formation of typical crystals, the workings of a …nmental increase, resulting in a net increase in entropy. Examples of such systems and phenomena include the formation of typical crystals, the workings of a
  77 KB（9,110个字） - 2022年3月28日 (一) 03:19
• 漂移加惩罚
  In the mathematical theory of probability, the '''drift-plus-penalty method''' is used for optimizatio …method is used for optimization of queueing networks and other stochastic systems.
  102 KB（13,288个字） - 2022年6月14日 (二) 17:35
• 复杂适应系统 Complex adaptive system
  …{{Cite book|last=Miller, John H., and Scott E. Page|title=Complex adaptive systems : an introduction to computational models of social life|date=2007-01-01|pu …_whole_looks_at_complexity_theory_which_wants_to_understand.html|title=The Theory of Everything and Then Some|last=Auerbach|first=David|date=2016-01-19|work=
  35 KB（2,235个字） - 2020年11月21日 (六) 00:10
• 系统论
  …16}}</ref>。系统由其时空边界所描述，被其所处环境包围并影响；系统也由其结构和目的所描述，表达为其功能。系统是'''系统理论 systems theory'''的研究对象。 …Media Research: Technology, Art and Communication: Critical Voices in Art, Theory and Culture
  23 KB（1,157个字） - 2022年4月18日 (一) 18:46
• 系统生物学 Systems biology
  …071-1365|pmid=30287586}}</ref>它跨越了系统论和应用数学方法的领域，发展成为'''[[复杂系统生物学]] complex systems biology'''的一个分支。 …name=Voit01>{{cite book|last1=Voit|first1=Eberhard|title=A First Course in Systems Biology|date=2012|publisher=Garland Science|isbn=9780815344674}}</ref>
  27 KB（1,629个字） - 2022年3月15日 (二) 16:11
• 量子互文性
  …g pre-existing values. Any attempt to do so in a realistic hidden-variable theory leads to values that are dependent upon the choice of the other (compatible ….1088/1367-2630/13/11/113036|s2cid=17435105|issn=1367-2630}}</ref> [[graph theory]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cabello|first1=Adan|last2=Severini|first2=Simon
  75 KB（8,547个字） - 2022年10月12日 (三) 15:12
• Queueing theory
  …ServidorParalelo.jpg|thumb|right|[[#Queueing networks|Queue networks]] are systems in which single queues are connected by a routing network. In this image,… …ueue lengths and waiting time can be predicted.<ref name="sun" /> Queueing theory is generally considered a branch of [[operations research]] because the res
  35 KB（4,924个字） - 2022年6月10日 (五) 17:01
• 系统思维
  {{Short description|Examining complex systems as a whole}} …stems thinking about the society.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|right|Impression of systems thinking about society]]
  3 KB（347个字） - 2022年6月29日 (三) 14:28
• 开放系统
  {{Short description|systems with external interactions}} [[File:OpenSystemRepresentation.svg|thumb|252px|''Open [[system|systems]]'' have input and output flows, representing exchanges of matter, energy…
  17 KB（1,787个字） - 2021年12月1日 (三) 11:22
• 计算复杂性理论
  Computational complexity theory focuses on classifying computational problems according to their resource… Computational complexity theory focuses on classifying computational problems according to their resource…
  116 KB（12,851个字） - 2021年3月2日 (二) 15:47
• 自创生生成论
  …which they then translate into internal representations. Natural cognitive systems...participate in the generation of meaning ...engaging in transformational …which they then translate into internal representations. Natural cognitive systems...participate in the generation of meaning ...engaging in transformational
  114 KB（13,129个字） - 2022年6月10日 (五) 18:27
• 空间统计学
  …method,<ref>Berry B J & F Horton (1971) ''Geographic Perspectives on Urban Systems'', John Wiley, N-Y.</ref> applying it to most important cities in the world …of the method,Berry B J & F Horton (1971) Geographic Perspectives on Urban Systems, John Wiley, N-Y. applying it to most important cities in the world and exh
  136 KB（14,537个字） - 2022年1月19日 (三) 17:58
• 自推进粒子算法
  …e.g. bacteria quorum sensing and ant pheromone detection, and in synthetic systems, e.g. bimetallic nanorods and enzyme molecule chemotaxis. …e.g. bacteria quorum sensing and ant pheromone detection, and in synthetic systems, e.g. bimetallic nanorods and enzyme molecule chemotaxis.
  61 KB（6,563个字） - 2021年1月14日 (四) 18:33
• 众包
  …latory Case of LEGO | journal = Journal of the Association for Information Systems | volume = 15 | issue = 11 | pages = 754–778 | year = 2014 | url = http:/ …ic Web|semantic]] [[wiki]] and [[database]] Enipedia also publishes energy systems data using the concept of crowdsourced [[open data|open]] information. Enip
  247 KB（27,473个字） - 2022年1月15日 (六) 12:01
• 海森堡不确定性原理
  …t al., editors. The Tests of Time: Readings in the Development of Physical Theory. Princeton University Press, 2003, p. 412. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvcm4 …t al., editors. The Tests of Time: Readings in the Development of Physical Theory. Princeton University Press, 2003, p. 412. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvcm4
  285 KB（36,825个字） - 2022年6月10日 (五) 18:33
• 复杂文摘翻译第五期－(摘自Complex Digest 2016.2月文章)
  …general structure for the growth of national economies as integrated urban systems.'' …ing these observations based on the theory of phase transitions in complex systems. We studied the link between spatial and temporal correlations of large-sca
  70 KB（9,988个字） - 2020年10月14日 (三) 22:12
• 自复制机器
  …ystems| title=Selected self-organization and the semiotics of evolutionary systems| year=1998| first=Luis M.| last=Rocha|pages=341–358|publisher=Springer, D …ric| last=Drexler| year=1986}}</ref> to distinguish macroscale replicating systems from the microscopic [[nanorobot]]s or "[[assembler (nanotechnology)|assemb
  87 KB（9,620个字） - 2022年6月10日 (五) 19:22
• 动力系统理论 Dynamical Systems Theory
  24 KB（919个字） - 2021年10月24日 (日) 21:59
• 遍历理论
  …g trajectories of dynamical systems. The notion of deterministic dynamical systems assumes that the equations determining the dynamics do not contain any rand …y theory, is based on general notions of [[Measure (mathematics)|measure]] theory. Its initial development was motivated by problems of [[statistical physic
  39 KB（4,090个字） - 2022年10月12日 (三) 15:43
• 模拟计算机
  …ight simulators, the flight computer in aircraft, and for teaching control systems in universities. Perhaps the most relatable example of analog computers are …veloped an electrically driven mechanical analog computer for fire-control systems, based on the differential analyser. It was used by the Imperial Russian Na
  121 KB（13,399个字） - 2022年6月10日 (五) 19:04
• 多智能体系统 multi-agent system
  …url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemical-engineering/multi-agent-systems | access-date=2020-01-23}}</ref>上。 …ed information infrastructure for disaster management |journal=Intelligent Systems for Crisis Management |pages=349–355 |date=2013|display-authors=etal|doi=
  24 KB（2,012个字） - 2020年12月27日 (日) 22:49
• 随机过程
  …uthor1=Thomas M. Cover|author2=Joy A. Thomas|title=Elements of Information Theory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VWq5GG6ycxMC=PT16|year=2012|publisher …Gikhman|author2=Anatoly Vladimirovich Skorokhod|title=Introduction to the Theory of Random Processes|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yJyLzG7N7r8C|year
  139 KB（13,874个字） - 2022年3月12日 (六) 08:41
• 热力学发展史
  …]. The development of thermodynamics both drove and was driven by [[atomic theory]]. It also, albeit in a subtle manner, motivated new directions in [[probab …ion. The development of thermodynamics both drove and was driven by atomic theory. It also, albeit in a subtle manner, motivated new directions in probabilit
  67 KB（7,298个字） - 2021年12月1日 (三) 11:19
• 复杂文摘翻译第二期－(摘自Complex Digest 2016.5月文章)
  …facilitated in biological systems by horizontal transmission and in social systems by active spreading strategies of infected individuals.'' …tives and feedback mechanisms that foster the ability of complex dynamical systems to self-organize and lead to a more resilient society and sustainable econo
  91 KB（7,595个字） - 2020年10月14日 (三) 21:03
• 生态系统
  {{About|natural ecosystems|the term used in man-made systems|Digital ecosystem|the system of classifying ecologically homogeneous land… {{Redirect|Biosystem|the journal|BioSystems}}
  122 KB（13,527个字） - 2022年1月19日 (三) 17:50
• 复杂系统 Complex Systems
  …General Features of Complex Systems"].Yaneer, Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems. Retrieved 16 September.</ref>。因此，复杂系统可以看作是'''还
  47 KB（2,634个字） - 2020年7月21日 (二) 10:11
• 社会结构
  …tems]], [[political system|political systems]], [[cultural system|cultural systems]], etc. …tems, such as economic systems, legal systems, political systems, cultural systems, etc.
  29 KB（3,225个字） - 2020年10月27日 (二) 23:04
• 机器人学
  …sed approach], Proc IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, p. 202-208, Poznan, 1994</ref> …chapter=Smart Robots|title=Smart Robots: A Handbook of Intelligent Robotic Systems|last=Hunt|first=V. Daniel|publisher=Chapman and Hall|year=1985|page=141|isb
  213 KB（24,580个字） - 2020年5月7日 (四) 15:02
• 决策
  …ut|decision making as analyzed in psychology|a broader discipline|Decision theory}} …sbn=978-0805832679 |oclc=44775038 |chapter-url=http://www.its.caltech.edu/~theory/Godfrey-Smith.pdf}}</ref> Studies done at the [[University of Colorado]] ha
  147 KB（16,192个字） - 2022年3月25日 (五) 15:23
• 自治代理理论
  …le system theory]] (VST) which models autonomous social [[complex adaptive systems]]. It can be used to model the relationship between an agency and its envi …oston Studies in the Philosophy of Science</ref> which explains why living systems actually live. However, Beer did not make general use of the concept in his
  28 KB（2,976个字） - 2022年5月16日 (一) 09:28
• 模型预测控制
  …ol algorithm is not generally needed to provide adequate control of simple systems, which are often controlled well by generic [[PID controller]]s. Common dyn …ol algorithm is not generally needed to provide adequate control of simple systems, which are often controlled well by generic PID controllers. Common dynamic
  60 KB（7,030个字） - 2022年7月30日 (六) 14:03
• 运筹学
  …vanced statistics.|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/systemsanalysisf00wet_ev9}}</ref> …[[data envelopment analysis]], [[neural networks]], [[Expert System|expert systems]], [[decision analysis]], and the [[analytic hierarchy process]].<ref>{{cit
  73 KB（7,133个字） - 2023年1月21日 (六) 17:48
• 复杂文摘翻译第六期－(摘自Complex Digest 2016.1月文章)
  …. The net result is that much of the sophisticated organization of complex systems may go undetected. '' …ptation, the opposite of that predicted by standard molecular evolutionary theory. We argue that this observation is most likely due to the existence of a co
  44 KB（6,437个字） - 2020年10月14日 (三) 21:27
• 叠加原理
  …on|Fundamental physics principle stating that physical solutions of linear systems are linear}} {{About|the superposition principle in linear systems|other uses|Superposition (disambiguation)}}
  49 KB（4,935个字） - 2021年1月26日 (二) 20:54
• 复杂系统生物学
  …itle = The Representation of Biological Systems from the Standpoint of the Theory of Categories | url = | journal = Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics | vol ….G., Menezes, P.B.:(2004). Composition of Transformations: A Framework for Systems with Dynamic Topology. ''International Journal of Computing Anticipatory Sy
  20 KB（1,710个字） - 2020年12月27日 (日) 22:33
• 市场经济
  {{economic systems sidebar|by coordination}} …book|last=Gregory and Stuart|first=Paul & Robert|title=Comparing Economic Systems in the Twenty-First Century|edition=7th|publisher=George Hoffman|year=2004|
  101 KB（10,867个字） - 2022年6月29日 (三) 14:20
• 社会影响理论
  '''Social impact theory''' was created by [[Bibb Latané]] in 1981 and consists of four basic rules Social impact theory was created by Bibb Latané in 1981 and consists of four basic rules which
  52 KB（5,760个字） - 2021年12月1日 (三) 11:23
• 循环神经网络
  …al Information Processing Systems |publisher=Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) Foundation |volume=21 |pages=545–552 |url=https://papers.nips.cc/p …s.pdf |journal=Electronic Proceedings of the Neural Information Processing Systems Conference |volume=27 |pages=5346 |arxiv=1409.3215 |bibcode=2014arXiv1409.3
  115 KB（13,540个字） - 2022年7月4日 (一) 10:50
• 企业生命周期
  …is closely related to similar processes, as program management cycle or [[systems development life cycle]], and has similar properties to those found in the …ss is closely related to similar processes, as program management cycle or systems development life cycle, and has similar properties to those found in the pr
  24 KB（2,527个字） - 2022年6月29日 (三) 14:30
• 人工神经网络
  …in, using a large digital computer|journal=IRE Transactions on Information Theory|year=1956|volume=2|pages=80–93|issue=3}}</ref>.
  161 KB（15,469个字） - 2022年1月9日 (日) 12:11
• 生成科学
  …elay and in-group favor |journal=Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=57–83 |doi=10.1007/s10588-008-9024-4}}</ref> A …ystems in general has been grouped under the heading of "[[general systems theory]]", particularly by [[Ludwig von Bertalanffy]], [[Anatol Rapoport]], [[Ralp
  15 KB（1,538个字） - 2021年1月20日 (三) 10:48
• 纳什均衡
  …their own strategy.<ref name="Osborne">{{Cite book |title=A Course in Game Theory |last=Osborne |first=Martin J. |last2=Rubinstein |first2=Ariel |date=12 Jul …过改变自己的策略就能得到额外任何好处。<ref name="Osborne">{{Cite book |title=A Course in Game Theory |last=Osborne |first=Martin J. |last2=Rubinstein |first2=Ariel |date=12 Jul
  104 KB（10,716个字） - 2021年12月25日 (六) 21:11
• 信息不对称
  {{Short description|Concept in contract theory and economics}} In [[contract theory]] and [[economics]], '''information asymmetry''' deals with the study of de
  135 KB（15,119个字） - 2022年6月29日 (三) 14:13
• 动力系统和微分方程列表
  ==Dynamical systems, in general== *[[Dynamical systems and chaos theory]]
  6 KB（541个字） - 2020年10月25日 (日) 21:10
• 自组织
  …book| last1=Camazine| first1=Scott| title=Self-organization in Biological Systems| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zMgyNN6Ufj0C| series=Princeton studi …ulaz, Guy |date=1999 |title=Swarm intelligence: from natural to artificial systems |isbn=978-0-19-513159-8|publisher=OUP USA|pages=9–11|url=https://books.go
  45 KB（3,398个字） - 2023年1月17日 (二) 20:32
• 诺特定理
  …with a [[Rayleigh dissipation function]]). In particular, [[dissipative]] systems with [[Continuous symmetry|continuous symmetries]] need not have a correspo …systems with a Rayleigh dissipation function). In particular, dissipative systems with continuous symmetries need not have a corresponding conservation law.
  153 KB（20,010个字） - 2022年6月10日 (五) 19:03
• 社会科学
  …d to promote civic competence|Social studies|the social-political-economic theory first pioneered by Karl Marx|Scientific socialism}} …ociology of [[Max Weber]] firmly demanded this distinction. In this route, theory (description) and prescription were non-overlapping formal discussions of…
  109 KB（12,111个字） - 2020年10月27日 (二) 22:55
• 博弈论 Game Theory
  |keywords=博弈论,囚徒困境,对策论, game theory, théorème de jeu …代数学的一个新分支，也是运筹学的一个重要学科，在'''社会科学 Social science''' 、'''逻辑学 Logic'''、'''系统科学 Systems science'''和'''计算机科学 Computer science''' 中也有应用。 博
  71 KB（3,123个字） - 2020年4月20日 (一) 12:56
• Drift plus penalty
  In the mathematical theory of probability, the '''drift-plus-penalty method''' is used for optimizatio …rol for Time Varying Wireless Networks]," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 2915–2934, July 2006.
  40 KB（6,228个字） - 2022年6月10日 (五) 17:01
• 空间分析
  …name=":14">Berry B J & F Horton (1971) ''Geographic Perspectives on Urban Systems'', John Wiley, N-Y.</ref> applying it to most important cities in the world …sed on mathematical programming, flows among economic sectors, or bid-rent theory. An alternative modeling perspective is to represent the system at the hig
  103 KB（9,875个字） - 2022年6月14日 (二) 00:10
• 罗伯特罗森
  | quote = Complex Systems Biology and Life’s Logic in memory of Robert Rosen
  31 KB（1,896个字） - 2022年3月23日 (三) 15:28
• 企业架构
  {{about|the technique/methodology|Sparx Systems Enterprise Architect|Enterprise Architect (software)}} …development and business change – in relation to the business information systems that the business depends on.
  63 KB（6,607个字） - 2022年6月29日 (三) 14:29
• 量子叠加态
  …ple of a physically observable manifestation of the wave nature of quantum systems is the [[Interference (wave propagation)|interference]] peaks from an [[ele …ple of a physically observable manifestation of the wave nature of quantum systems is the interference peaks from an electron beam in a double-slit experiment
  105 KB（12,283个字） - 2021年2月1日 (一) 22:45
• 线性系统
  {{About|the systems theory concept|the linear algebra concept|System of linear equations|the algebraic In [[systems theory]], a '''linear system''' is a [[mathematical model]] of a [[system]] based
  11 KB（1,231个字） - 2022年4月10日 (日) 10:39
• 生物符号学
  …ik_in_the_19th_century The term ‘Biosemiotik’ in the 19th century.] ''Sign Systems Studies'' 50(1): 173–178.</ref> but [[Thomas Sebeok]] and [[Thure von Uex …, see: Kull, Kalevi 2022. The term ‘Biosemiotik’ in the 19th century. Sign Systems Studies 50(1): 173–178. but Thomas Sebeok and Thure von Uexküll have imp
  38 KB（4,000个字） - 2022年6月10日 (五) 18:27
• 卷积神经网络
  …input. They have applications in image and video recognition, recommender systems, image classification, image segmentation, medical image analysis, natural …87be6106a3b84-Paper.pdf |journal=Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems |volume=1 |pages=31–40}}</ref>
  220 KB（25,639个字） - 2022年7月4日 (一) 10:44
• 集体智能
  …arning in Distributed Control|date=2017|publisher=Handbook of Dynamic Game Theory|url=https://www.ece.ucsb.edu/~jrmarden/files/Learning-Chapter.pdf|access-da …organism的概念结合在一起，产生了关于集体智能如何运作的理论。后来，他展示了如何用计算机生成的 复杂自适应系统Complex adaptive systems和 遗传算法Genetic algorithms（ 由约翰·霍兰德John Holland所开
  106 KB（7,760个字） - 2023年8月9日 (三) 16:08
• 基于主体的模型 Agent-based model
  …ir |last2=Hussain |year=2011 |title=Agent-based Computing from Multi-agent Systems to Agent-Based Models: A Visual Survey |journal=Scientometrics |volume=89… …l |title=Agent-based modeling: Methods and techniques for simulating human systems |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United Stat
  55 KB（4,627个字） - 2020年11月15日 (日) 18:40
• 自创生理论
  …ref>For a discussion on the evolution and development of autopoietic legal systems, see, {{cite book | first = Neil T. | last = Lyons | chapter = Autopoiesis: …(It's Turtles All The Way Down) |journal=International Journal of General Systems |volume=21 |pages=267–269 |issue=2 |doi=10.1080/03081079208945080}}</ref>
  56 KB（1,509个字） - 2022年1月28日 (五) 22:51
• Elias Bareinboim
  …ia, Los Angeles (UCLA), 2014. Title: Generalizability in Causal Inference: Theory and Algorithms. Advisor: Judea Pearl. Postdoctoral Scholar, Cognitive Systems Lab/UCLA, Judea Pearl, Fall/2014-Summer/2015.
  29 KB（2,573个字） - 2022年7月11日 (一) 22:11
• Swarma Club
  …th. The topics cover artificial intelligence, statistical physics, complex systems, biology, sociology, etc. …ated a new model for interdisciplinary research into economics and complex systems. As one of the first scholars to study complexity at the Santa Fe Institute
  25 KB（3,539个字） - 2022年9月3日 (六) 23:42
• 遍历假设
  …1923 reprint.) It was used to prove equipartition of energy in the kinetic theory of gases</ref> says that, over long periods of time, the time spent by a sy …m does ''not'' imply that the ergodic hypothesis holds for all Hamiltonian systems.
  12 KB（1,317个字） - 2020年10月25日 (日) 21:14
• 计算社会学
  …oldspink |first=C |year=2002 |title=Methodological Implications of Complex Systems Approaches to Sociality: Simulation as a Foundation for Knowledge |url=http
  37 KB（2,798个字） - 2021年6月17日 (四) 17:36
• 背压路由
  …r|the term "back pressure" in describing fluid flow in piping and air vent systems|back pressure}} …eueing theory]], a discipline within the mathematical [[probability theory|theory of probability]], the '''backpressure routing algorithm''' is a method for
  112 KB（13,721个字） - 2022年6月14日 (二) 17:34
• 计算社会科学
  …oldspink |first=C |year=2002 |title=Methodological Implications of Complex Systems Approaches to Sociality: Simulation as a Foundation for Knowledge |url=http …Emergence and communication in computational sociology]." Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 43.1 (2013): 87-110.</ref>
  48 KB（3,455个字） - 2020年5月19日 (二) 21:14
• 模式识别
  …[machine learning]] approaches to pattern recognition. Pattern recognition systems are in many cases trained from labeled "training" data ([[supervised learni …on machine learning approaches to pattern recognition. Pattern recognition systems are in many cases trained from labeled "training" data (supervised learning
  78 KB（8,747个字） - 2021年2月17日 (三) 21:17
• 神经震荡
  …zhikevich 2007">{{cite book | vauthors = Izhikevich EM | title = Dynamical systems in neuroscience | publisher = The MIT Press | location = Cambridge, Massach …ropagated by means of a set of differential equations. Using [[bifurcation theory|bifurcation analysis]], different oscillatory varieties of these neuronal…
  187 KB（16,923个字） - 2022年3月28日 (一) 20:57
• 控制理论 Control theory
  |keywords=控制理论,控制科学,Control theory |description=控制理论,控制科学,Control theory
  46 KB（1,986个字） - 2020年12月27日 (日) 22:31
• 路德维希·冯·贝塔郎菲 Ludwig von Bertalanffy
  | 研究方向：|| 一般系统理论（general systems theory GST)，生物学（Biology） …生长的方程式，该由贝塔朗菲于1969年提出的。 <ref>Bertalanffy, L. von, (1969). ''General System Theory''. New York: George Braziller, pp. 136</ref>
  11 KB（562个字） - 2024年1月21日 (日) 12:29
• 互信息
  已由[[用户:Yillia Jing]]进行初步翻译，已由[[用户:Flipped]]进行审校。{{Information theory}} …th>. The circle on the left (red and violet) is the [[Entropy (information theory)|individual entropy]] <math>H(X)</math>, with the red being the [[condition
  106 KB（13,062个字） - 2021年2月18日 (四) 09:49
• 集智学园系列课程
  …科学与工程丛书》副主编，在网络科学方面研究过无标度网络、全齐性网络、自然数网络、家族血缘树等。近年来还在国内外刊物IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine (2013), Scientific Reports (2016), National Science Review (2014, *陈清华 北京师范大学系统科学学院教授，Arizona State University及New England Complexity Systems Institute访问学者。主要从事非平衡系统理论、复杂性研究
  72 KB（1,930个字） - 2021年6月28日 (一) 16:34
• 斑图识别
  …ing, [[prototype-matching]], feature analysis, [[recognition-by-components theory]], bottom-up and top-down processing, and [[Fourier analysis]]. The applica …matching, prototype-matching, feature analysis, recognition-by-components theory, bottom-up and top-down processing, and Fourier analysis. The application…
  82 KB（9,022个字） - 2020年5月7日 (四) 12:10
• 中等复杂程度地球系统模型
  …has historically allowed the inclusion of previously unincorporated earth-systems such as [[ice sheets]] and [[carbon cycle]] feedbacks. These benefits are… …has historically allowed the inclusion of previously unincorporated earth-systems such as ice sheets and carbon cycle feedbacks. These benefits are conventio
  51 KB（5,630个字） - 2022年1月19日 (三) 17:47
• 自治系统
  …rentialequationsstabilityanalysis.php Egwald Mathematics - Linear Algebra: Systems of Linear Differential Equations: Linear Stability Analysis] Accessed 10 Oc …t variable. When the variable is time, they are also called time-invariant systems.
  33 KB（4,723个字） - 2022年6月29日 (三) 14:55
• 连续动力系统
  …tract algebra]], [[graph theory]], [[dynamical system]]s and [[probability theory]]. …atorics, abstract algebra, graph theory, dynamical systems and probability theory.
  11 KB（1,346个字） - 2021年12月1日 (三) 11:23
• 量子比特
  …te (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system]], one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics. Examples include: the [[s …tate (or two-level) quantum-mechanical system, one of the simplest quantum systems displaying the peculiarity of quantum mechanics. Examples include: the spi
  71 KB（6,901个字） - 2021年1月30日 (六) 21:23
• 相对熵
  {{Information theory}} …tions include characterizing the relative (Shannon) entropy in information systems, randomness in continuous time-series, and information gain when comparing
  116 KB（15,652个字） - 2020年10月27日 (二) 18:05
• P/NP问题
  …[[cryptography]], algorithm research, [[artificial intelligence]], [[game theory]], multimedia processing, [[philosophy]], [[economics]] and many other fiel …thematics, cryptography, algorithm research, artificial intelligence, game theory, multimedia processing, philosophy, economics and many other fields.
  167 KB（16,900个字） - 2022年3月30日 (三) 15:20
• 贝叶斯推断
  …y]], [[medicine]], [[sport]], and [[law]]. In the philosophy of [[decision theory]], Bayesian inference is closely related to subjective probability, often… …ilosophical Theories of Probability"; Routledge; Chapter 4 "The subjective theory"</ref>
  94 KB（10,330个字） - 2022年5月3日 (二) 12:53
• 适应系统
  …Feedback loops]] represent a key feature of adaptive systems, such as [[ecosystems]] and individual [[organisms]]; or in the human world, [[communities]], [[o Artificial adaptive systems include [[robots]] with [[control system]]s that utilize [[negative feedbac
  12 KB（1,220个字） - 2021年12月8日 (三) 17:48
• 正则系综
  …n used in physics and the physics-influenced literature. In [[probability theory]], the term [[probability space]] is more prevalent. …e described simply by a set of macroscopically observable variables. These systems can be described by statistical ensembles that depend on a few observable…
  38 KB（3,783个字） - 2021年12月7日 (二) 14:38
• 基于代理的计算经济学
  …gent-based Computational Economics: Modeling Economies as Complex Adaptive Systems," ''Information Sciences'', 149(4), pp. [http://copper.math.buffalo.edu/urg …interacting agents. As such, it falls in the paradigm of complex adaptive systems. In corresponding agent-based models, the "agents" are "computational objec
  27 KB（3,164个字） - 2020年10月27日 (二) 18:05
• 生命起源 Abiogenesis
  …de using agents|journal=Biosystems|volume=140|pages=49–57|doi=10.1016/j.biosystems.2015.12.007|pmid=26723230|year=2016|last1=Witzany|first1=Guenther}}</ref><r …te pathway‐like reactions in a plausible Archean ocean |journal= Molecular Systems Biology |volume= 10 |issue= 725 |page= 725 |doi= 10.1002/msb.20145228 |pmc=
  251 KB（20,548个字） - 2021年7月12日 (一) 11:13
• 生物神经元模型
  …ral network|network]] effects). To accelerate the convergence to a unified theory, we list several models in each category, and where applicable, also refere …f many cells (network effects). To accelerate the convergence to a unified theory, we list several models in each category, and where applicable, also refere
  244 KB（27,017个字） - 2022年3月28日 (一) 21:21

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